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Fast Global Illumination with Discrete Stochastic Microfacets Using a Filterable Model

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Computer Graphics Forum 2018年第7期37卷 55-64页

作者： Wang, Beibei Wang, Lu Holzschuch, Nicolas School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology China Key Lab of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional Information of Ministry of Education China School of Software Shandong University China Univ. Grenoble Alpes Inria CNRS Grenoble INP LJK France

Many real-life materials have a sparkling appearance, whether by design or by nature. Examples include metallic paints, sparkling varnish but also snow. These sparkles correspond to small, isolated, shiny particles reflecting light in a specific direction, on the surface or embedded inside the material. The particles responsible for these sparkles are usually small and discontinuous. These characteristics make it difficult to integrate them efficiently in a standard rendering pipeline, especially for indirect illumination. Existing approaches use a 4-dimensional hierarchy, searching for light-reflecting particles simultaneously in space and direction. The approach is accurate, but still expensive. In this paper, we show that this 4-dimensional search can be approximated using separate 2-dimensional steps. This approximation allows fast integration of glint contributions for large footprints, reducing the extra cost associated with glints be an order of magnitude. © 2018 The Author(s) Computer Graphics Forum © 2018 The Eurographics Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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FUTURE-AI: International consensus guideline for trustworthy and deployable artificial intelligence in healthcare

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Lekadir, Karim Feragen, Aasa Fofanah, Abdul Joseph Frangi, Alejandro F. Buyx, Alena Emelie, Anais Lara, Andrea Porras, Antonio R. Chan, An-Wen Navarro, Arcadi Glocker, Ben Botwe, Benard O. Khanal, Bishesh Beger, Brigit Wu, Carol C. Cintas, Celia Langlotz, Curtis P. Rueckert, Daniel Mzurikwao, Deogratias Fotiadis, Dimitrios I. Zhussupov, Doszhan Ferrante, Enzo Meijering, Erik Weicken, Eva González, Fabio A. Asselbergs, Folkert W. Prior, Fred Krestin, Gabriel P. Collins, Gary S. Tegenaw, Geletaw S. Kaissis, Georgios Misuraca, Gianluca Tsakou, Gianna Dwivedi, Girish Kondylakis, Haridimos Jayakody, Harsha Woodruf, Henry C. Mayer, Horst Joachim Aerts, Hugo JWL Walsh, Ian Chouvarda, Ioanna Buvat, Irène Tributsch, Isabell Rekik, Islem Duncan, James Kalpathy-Cramer, Jayashree Zahir, Jihad Park, Jinah Mongan, John Gichoya, Judy W. Schnabel, Julia A. Kushibar, Kaisar Riklund, Katrine Mori, Kensaku Marias, Kostas Amugongo, Lameck M. Fromont, Lauren A. Maier-Hein, Lena Alberich, Leonor Cerdá Rittner, Leticia Phiri, Lighton Marrakchi-Kacem, Linda Donoso-Bach, Lluís Martí-Bonmatí, Luis Cardoso, M. Jorge Bobowicz, Maciej Shabani, Mahsa Tsiknakis, Manolis Zuluaga, Maria A. Bielikova, Maria Fritzsche, Marie-Christine Camacho, Marina Linguraru, Marius George Wenzel, Markus De Bruijne, Marleen Tolsgaard, Martin G. Ghassemi, Marzyeh Ashrafuzzaman, Md Goisauf, Melanie Yaqub, Mohammad Abadía, Mónica Cano Mahmoud, Mukhtar M.E. Elattar, Mustafa Rieke, Nicola Papanikolaou, Nikolaos Lazrak, Noussair Díaz, Oliver Salvado, Olivier Pujol, Oriol Sall, Ousmane Guevara, Pamela Gordebeke, Peter Lambin, Philippe Brown, Pieta Abolmaesumi, Purang Dou, Qi Lu, Qinghua Osuala, Richard Nakasi, Rose Zhou, S. Kevin Napel, Sandy Colantonio, Sara Albarqouni, Shadi Joshi, Smriti Carter, Stacy Klein, Stefan Petersen, Steffen E. Aussó, Susanna Awate, Suyash Raviv, Tammy Riklin Cook, Tessa Mutsvangwa, Tinashe E.M. Rogers, Wendy A. Niessen, Wiro J. Puig-Bosch, Xènia Zeng, Yi Mohammed, Yunusa G. Aquino, Yves Saint James Salahuddin, Zohaib Starmans, Martijn P.A. Department de Matemàtiques i Informàtica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain Barcelona Spain DTU Compute Technical University of Denmark Kgs Lyngby Denmark Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Science and Technology Milton Margai Technical University Freetown Sierra Leone Center for Computational Imaging & Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine Schools of Computing and Medicine University of Leeds Leeds United Kingdom Cardiovascular Science and Electronic Engineering Departments KU Leuven Leuven Belgium Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Faculty of Engineering of Systems Informatics and Sciences of Computing Galileo University Guatemala City Guatemala Department of Biostatistics and Informatics Colorado School of Public Health University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus AuroraCO United States Department of Medicine Women’s College Research Institute University of Toronto Toronto Canada Universitat Pompeu Fabra BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center Barcelona Spain Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom School of Biomedical & Allied Health Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana Department of Midwifery & Radiography School of Health & Psychological Sciences City University of London United Kingdom Kathmandu Nepal European Heart Network Brussels Belgium Department of Thoracic Imaging University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston United States IBM Research Africa Nairobi Kenya Departments of Radiology Medicine and Biomedical Data Science Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford United States Institute for AI and Informatics in Medicine Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich Munich Germany Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Dar es Salaam Tanzania United Republic of Ioannina Greece Almaty AI Lab Almaty Kazakhstan

Background: Despite major advances in artificial intelligence (AI) research for healthcare, the deployment and adoption of AI technologies remain limited in clinical practice. In recent years, concerns have been raised about the clinical, technical, ethical and legal risks associated with healthcare AI. To increase adoption in the real world, it is essential that AI technologies are trusted and accepted by patients, clinicians, health organisations and authorities. This paper describes the FUTURE-AI framework as the first international consensus guideline for trustworthy AI in healthcare. Methods: The FUTURE-AI consortium was founded in 2021 and now comprises 117 interdisciplinary experts from 50 countries representing all continents, including AI scientists, clinical researchers, biomedical ethicists, and social scientists. Over a two-year period, the consortium established guiding principles and best practices for trustworthy and deployable AI through an iterative process comprising an in-depth literature review, a modified Delphi survey, and online consensus meetings. Findings: The FUTURE-AI framework was established based on six guiding principles for trustworthy AI in healthcare, i.e. Fairness, Universality, Traceability, Usability, Robustness and Explainability. Through consensus, a set of 30 best practices were defined, addressing technical, clinical, socio-ethical and legal dimensions of trustworthy AI. The recommendations cover the entire lifecycle of healthcare AI, from design, development and validation to regulation, deployment, and monitoring. Interpretation: FUTURE-AI is a structured, risk-informed framework which provides guidance for constructing healthcare AI tools that will be trusted, deployed and adopted in real-world clinical practice. Researchers are encouraged to take the recommendations into account in proof-of-concept stages to facilitate future translation towards clinical practice of healthcare AI. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights

关键词： Clinical research

Research on the pixel-based and object-oriented methods of urban feature extraction with GF-2 remote-sensing images

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Zhang, Dong-dong Zhang, Lei Zaborovsky, Vladimir Xie, Feng Wu, Yan-wen Lu, Ting-ting Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing East China Normal University Shanghai China MOE International Joint Lab of Trustworthy Software East China Normal University Shanghai China Department of Computer Systems and Software Engineering Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University St. Petersburg Russia Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China

During the rapid urbanization construction of China, acquisition of urban geographic information and timely data updating are important and fundamental tasks for the refined management of cities. With the development of domestic remote sensing technology, the application of Gaofen-2 (GF-2) high-resolution remote sensing images can greatly improve the accuracy of information extraction. This paper introduces an approach using object-oriented classification methods for urban feature extraction based on GF-2 satellite data. A combination of spectral, spatial attributes and membership functions was employed for mapping the urban features of Qinhuai District, Nanjing. The data preprocessing is carried out by ENVI software, and the subsequent data is exported into the eCognition software for object-oriented classification and extraction of urban feature information. Finally, the obtained raster image classification results are vectorized using the ARCGIS software, and the vector graphics are stored in the library, which can be used for further analysis and modeling. Accuracy assessment was performed using ground truth data acquired by visual interpretation and from other reliable secondary data sources. Compared with the result of pixel-based supervised (neural net) classification, the developed object-oriented method can significantly improve extraction accuracy, and after manual interpretation, an overall accuracy of 95.44% can be achieved, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.9405, which objectively confirmed the superiority of the object-oriented method and the feasibility of the utilization of GF-2 satellite data. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image classification

Correction to: A compressed matrix sequence method for solving normal equations of bundle adjustment

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Machine Vision and Applications 2021年第4期32卷 1-1页

作者： Peng, Jiaxin Liu, Jie Wei, Hua Laboratory of Software Engineering for Complex Systems School of Computer Science National University of Defense Technology Changsha China Parallel and Distributed Processing Laboratory School of Computer Science National University of Defense Technology Changsha China Algorithm Lab Changsha Morale Network Technology Co. Ltd. Changsha China Water and Land Resources Research Center of the Middle Reaches of Yangtze River School of Resources Environment Science and Engineering Hubei University of Science and Technology Xianning China

A correction to this paper has been published: https://***/10.1007/s00138-021-01222-5

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DSKG: A deep sequential model for knowledge graph completion

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Guo, Lingbing Zhang, Qingheng Ge, Weiyi Hu, Wei Qu, Yuzhong State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Science and Technology on Information Systems Engineering Lab Nanjing Singapore

Knowledge graph (KG) completion aims to fill the missing facts in a KG, where a fact is represented as a triple in the form of (subject,relation, object). Current KG completion models compel two-thirds of a triple provided (e.g., subject and relation) to predict the remaining one. In this paper, we propose a new model, which uses a KG-specific multi-layer recurrent neural network (RNN) to model triples in a KG as sequences. It outperformed several state-of-the-art KG completion models on the conventional entity prediction task for many evaluation metrics, based on two benchmark datasets and a more difficult dataset. Furthermore, our model is enabled by the sequential characteristic and thus capable of predicting the whole triples only given one entity. Our experiments demonstrated that our model achieved promising performance on this new triple prediction task. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Recurrent neural networks

Energy Efficient Decentralized Authentication in Internet of Underwater Things Using Blockchain

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Energy Efficient Decentralized Authentication in Internet of...

IEEE Globecom Workshops

作者： Abbas Yazdinejad Reza M. Parizi Gautam Srivastava Ali Dehghantanha Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo Cyber Science Lab School of Computer Science University of Guelph Ontario Canada College of Computing and Software Engineering Kennesaw State University GA USA Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Brandon University Manitoba Canada Department of Information Systems and Cyber Security University of Texas at San Antonio TX USA

ISBN: (数字)9781728109602

ISBN: (纸本)9781728109619

In recent years, there has been rapid growth in developing smart cities. Nearly 70% of the Earthâ€™s surface is covered by water and a large proportion of underwater environments are still unknown and have not been explored. In this context, Internet of things (IoT) is one of the most important technologies used in smart cities. Due to the growth of IoT and its influence in all areas of human life, including the underwater environment, a new class of IoT, called Internet of underwater things (IoUT) has emerged. IoUT includes a network of underwater smart devices that are connected to each other and has applications in environmental monitoring, underwater exploration, disaster prevention and military. In autonomous interactions of underwater devices, objects must be authenticated and securely interconnected to avoid security risks by malicious nodes. Most authentication methods and security mechanisms are centralized and often require a trustful third party in communications, which may well increase the computation cost and energy consumption due to the subsequent overhead, especially for underwater communications. On the other hand, there are restrictions on devices in the underwater environment, the most important of which are energy constraints. In this paper, we propose a robust, transparent, and energy-efficient decentralized authentication mechanism for IoUT using blockchain technology. We show through results that the proposed method is suitable for underwater devices with limited memory, energy, and computational power. The proposed modelâ€™s decentralized authentication in a cluster network has a significant effect on reducing the energy consumption of the devices by 74.63% compared to classic authentication methods. Moreover, using the proposed method allows a savings of more than 41.9% in end-to-end delay and increases delivery rate by 21.6%.

关键词： Authentication Internet of Things Smart cities Energy consumption Cryptography

Data sharing and privacy for patient IoT devices using blockchain 7th

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Data sharing and privacy for patient IoT devices using block...

7th International Conference on Smart City and Informatization, iSCI 2019

作者： Srivastava, Gautam Parizi, Reza M. Dehghantanha, Ali Choo, Kim-Kwang Raymond Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Brandon University BrandonMBR7A 6A9 Canada Research Center for Interneural Computing China Medical University Taichung40402 Taiwan College of Computing and Software Engineering Kennesaw State University KennesawGA30144 United States Cyber Science Lab School of Computer Science University of Guelph GuelphONN1G 2W1 Canada Department of Information Systems and Cyber Security University of Texas at San Antonio San AntonioTX78249 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9789811513008

Once a fitness fad, wearable and other related Internet of Things (IoT) devices are fast becoming common place in many different smart city applications such as healthcare. However, IoT devices, particularly inexpensive devices, often trade security and privacy for usability. One solution to protect privacy in the healthcare domain which has begun to be explored is blockchain-based technology. However, there are a number of limitations underpinning the use of blockchain, which limits its adoption particularly in applications that require low energy and computational footprints. In this paper, we present a transactional protocol for remote patient monitoring using directed acyclic graphs. We use a newer blockchain protocol called GHOSTDAG in both a public blockchain and a private blockchain. Our novel proposed solution aims to resolve known security issues for healthcare, without affecting scalability (a feature of classic blockchain architecture). © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.

关键词： Internet of things

Are commercially implemented adaptive cruise control systems string stable?

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Gunter, George Gloudemans, Derek Stern, Raphael E. McQuade, Sean Bhadani, Rahul Bunting, Matt Delle Monache, Maria Laura Lysecky, Roman Seibold, Benjamin Sprinkle, Jonathan Piccoli, Benedetto Work, Daniel B. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Institute for Software Integrated Systems Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37212 United States department of Mathematical Sciences Rutgers University CamdenNJ08102 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Arizona TucsonAZ85719 United States NeCS team Univ. Grenoble Alpes Inria CNRS Grenoble INP GIPSA-Lab Grenoble38000 France Department of Mathematics Temple University PhiladelphiaPA19122 United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institute for Software Integrated Systems Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37212 United States

In this article, we assess the string stability of seven 2018 model year adaptive cruise control (ACC) equipped vehicles that are widely available in the US market. Seven distinct vehicle models from two different vehicle makes are analyzed using data collected from more than 1,200 miles of driving in car-following experiments with ACC engaged by the follower vehicle. The resulting dataset is used to identify the parameters of a linear second order delay differential equation model that approximates the behavior of the black box ACC systems. The string stability of the data-fitted model associated with each vehicle is assessed, and the main finding is that all seven vehicle models have string unstable ACC systems. For one commonly available vehicle model that offers ACC as a standard feature on all trim levels, we validate the string stability finding with a multi-vehicle platoon experiment in which all vehicles are the same year, make, and model. In this test, an initial disturbance of 6 mph is amplified to a 25 mph disturbance, at which point the last vehicle in the platoon is observed to disengage the ACC. The data collected in the driving experiments is made available, representing the largest publicly available comparative driving dataset on ACC equipped *** Codes 93D99 Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adaptive control systems

Towards fair and decentralized privacy-preserving deep learning with blockchain

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Lyu, Lingjuan Yu, Jiangshan Nandakumar, Karthik Li, Yitong Ma, Xingjun Jin, Jiong Research School of Computer Science Australian National University ACT2601 Australia Faculty of Information Technology Monash University ClaytonMO Australia IBM Singapore Lab 018983 Singapore School of Computing and Information Systems University of Melbourne MelbourneVIC3010 Australia School of Software and Electrical Engineering Swinburne University of Technology MelbourneVIC Australia

In collaborative deep learning, current learning frameworks follow either a centralized architecture or a distributed architecture. Whilst centralized architecture deploys a central server to train a global model over the massive amount of joint data from all parties, distributed architecture aggregates parameter updates from participating parties' local model training, via a parameter server. These two server-based architectures present security and robustness vulnerabilities such as singlepoint-of-failure, single-point-of-breach, privacy leakage, and lack of fairness. To address these problems, we design, implement, and evaluate a purely decentralized privacy-preserving deep learning framework, called DPPDL. DPPDL makes the first investigation on the research problem of fairness in collaborative deep learning, and simultaneously provides fairness and privacy by proposing two novel algorithms: initial benchmarking and privacy-preserving collaborative deep learning. During initial benchmarking, each party trains a local Differentially Private Generative Adversarial Network (DPGAN) and publishes the generated privacy-preserving artificial samples for other parties to label, based on the quality of which to initialize local credibility list for other parties. The local credibility list reflects how much one party contributes to another party, and it is used and updated during collaborative learning to ensure fairness. To protect gradients transaction during privacy-preserving collaborative deep learning, we further put forward a three-layer onionstyle encryption scheme. We experimentally demonstrate, on benchmark image datasets, that accuracy, privacy and fairness in collaborative deep learning can be effectively addressed at the same time by our proposed DPPDL framework. Moreover, DPPDL provides a viable solution to detect and isolate the cheating party in the system. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Benchmarking