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From rate-distortion analysis to resourcedistortion analysis

IEEE circuits and systems Magazine 2005年第3期5卷 6-18页

作者： He, Zhihai Mitra, Sanjit K. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Barbara CA Visual Signal Processing and Communication Technical Committee IEEE Circuits and Systems Society Academy of Finland Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts IEEE AAAS SPIE EURASIP ASEE

The ultimate goal in communication system design is to control and optimize the system performance under resource constraints. As the communication paradigm evolves from the conventional desktop computing, wired, and centralized communication to current mobile, wireless, distributed, and massive communication, video encoding and transmission operate under more and more resource constraints. In traditional video communication applications, such as digital TV broadcast, the major constraint is in the form of transmission bandwidth or storage space, which determines the encoding bit rate. Ratedistortion (R-D) theories have been developed to model the relationship between the coding bit rate and signai distortion. For video communication over mobile devices, the video encoding and transmission operate under additional resource constraints, such as energy supply and on-board computation capability. Therefore, there is a need to extend the traditional R-D analysis to resource-distortion analysis by incorporating the new resource constraints into the R-D analysis framework. In distributed and massive wireless video sensor networks, the resource utilization behaviors of individual video sensors should be well-coordinated through network-level rate allocation and optimum routing so as to maximize the overall performance. In this paper, we start from the classical R-D theory developed by Shannon over 50 years ago, and then review the R-D modelling techniques for modern image and video compression systems. We study the resource-distortion analysis framework for video communication over wireless devices. As one step further, we present the research problem of resource allocation and performance optimization for video compression and communication over a network of wireless communication devices. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： communication systems

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A new efficient block-matching algorithm for motion estimation

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Journal of VLSI Signal Processing systems for Signal, Image, and Video Technology 2006年第1期42卷 21-33页

作者： Mahmoud, Hanan Goel, Sumeer Shaaban, Mohsen Bayoumi, Magdy Faculty of Engineering University of Alexandria University Buildings 9 Albert Street Semouha Alexandria 21321 Egypt Center for Advanced Computer Studies University of Louisiana at Lafayette 110 Rex Street Lafayette LA 70504 Faculty of Engineering University of Alexandria Computer Science Department Department of Computer Engineering Department of Computer Science Center for Advanced Computer Studies University of Louisiana Lafayette Technical Committee on Circuits and Systems for Communication Technical Committee on Signal Processing Design and Implementation Neural Network and the Multimedia Technology Technical Committees University of Louisiana Lafayette

This paper presents a new full-search block-matching algorithm: Multi-stage Interval-based Motion Estimation algorithm (MIME). The proposed algorithm is a block based motion estimation algorithm that utilizes successive elimination technique. We define two approximate functions, as the upper and lower boundaries of the interval that includes the Conventional distortion metric SAD. Each stage in the proposed algorithm;except for the last stage;incorporates low resolution pixels for the boundary functions calculations. The final stage is a full resolution block matching stage. MIME has a high probability of finding the optimal motion vector at any stage of the algorithm. The proposed algorithm reduces the computational complexity by successively eliminating non-candidate blocks from the search window at each stage. This computational reduction leads to enhanced performance in terms of low power consumption and fast motion vector estimation. A low power VLSI implementation of the algorithm is also presented in this paper. Simulation results on benchmark video sequences shows that MIME algorithm eliminates almost 88% of the candidate blocks after only two interval based stages. © Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. 2006.

关键词： Motion estimation

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Statistical multiplexing based on MPEG-4 fine granularity scalability coding

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Journal of VLSI Signal Processing systems for Signal, Image, and Video Technology 2006年第1期42卷 69-77页

作者： Yang, Xiaokang Ling, Nam Institute of Image Communication and Information Processing Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dong Chuan Road Shanghai 200240 China Department of Computer Engineering Santa Clara University 500 El Camino Real Santa Clara CA 95053 United States Institute of Image Communication and Information Processing Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Visual Signal Processing Communications Technical Committee IEEE Circuits and Systems Society Department of Computer Engineering California United States National University of Singapore IEEE SPIE ASEE

Conventional statistical multiplexing methods for MPEG-1/2 programs involve high computationally complex transcoding (decoding and re-encoding) process to convert the original bit-rate into the target bit-rate. To avoid a time-consuming transcoding process, a new statistical multiplexer is proposed to enable content provider to easily convert the bit-rates by exploiting the MPEG-4 fine granularity scalability (FGS) coding scheme. The proposed statistical multiplexer is particularly useful for multiple-program broadcasting applications, including Internet television and video on demand, as well as value-added MPEG-4 video streaming services for DVB and ATSC digital TV systems. The proposed multiplexer mainly includes two parts: the FGS-based frame lag scheme and the optimal bit-plane truncation scheme. The FGS-based frame lag scheme exploits intra- and inter-layer correlations exist in MPEG-4 FGS bit-streams. The optimal bit-plane truncation scheme dynamically truncates enhancement layers of FGS bit-streams under the available bandwidth constraint and the quality/smoothness constraint. Experimental results show that high statistical multiplexing efficiency, inter-program fairness, and intra-program smoothness are achieved by the proposed multiplexer. © Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. 2006.

关键词： Multimedia systems

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Design of dielectric multilayer bandpass filters using fundamental thickness of layers

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ELECTRONICS AND communicationS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第6期79卷 31-42页

作者： Wakabayashi, I Miyauchi, K Faculty of Engineering Science University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan 162 Received his B.E. and M.E. degrees in Electrical Engineering from the Science University of Tokyo in 1974 and 1976 respectively. He joined the Science University of Tokyo as an Instructor of Electrical Engineering in 1976. Since then he was involved in research on measurements of surface topography by using evanescent wave in microwave. Since the end of 1990 he has been involved in research on optical and microwave filters. He is a member of the Society of Applied Physics (Japan) and IEEE. Nonmember Graduated from the University of Tokyo in Electrical Engineering in 1954 and joined NTT the same year. He was appointed as a member of the technical staff department director vice director-general of Research and Development Bureau director of Radio System and Network Laboratory etc. of Electrical Communication Laboratories. During this period he was involved in research development and management of microwave and millimeter wave high-speed digital communication systems satellite communication systems communication satellite on-board equipment (CS-2CS-3N-STAR etc.) submarine optical fiber communication systems mobile communications etc. In 1986 he joined the Science University of Tokyo as a Professor. He received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Tokyo in 1966 and is an IEEE Fellow. He was chairman of the Microwave Research Committee chairman of the Satellite Communications Research Committee chairman of IEEE MTT Tokyo Chapter chairman of Microwave APMC'90 International Symposium Organizing Committee Member of the Radio Science Committee of the Science Council of Japan etc. He received the Paper Award of this Society (two times) Achievement Award Mainichi Industrial Technology Award etc. He is the author ofMicrowave Circuits for Communications Digital Satellite Communications Microwave and Optical Engineering Satellite Communication Networks An Introduction to Communication Systems and other books.

The general design principle of the dielectric multilayer bandpass filters proposed by the authors is applied to the case where only the fundamental thickness of dielectric layers are used. The actual design procedure, layer structure, necessary formulation in the design, conditions, and design examples are presented. Further, with respect to various combinations of the parameters, 900 filters are designed and their characteristics are verified to show the distribution of their design errors. In actual designs, the objectives are third-, fifth-, and seventh-order Butterworth and Chebyshev filters (0.5-dB and 1-db ripples) using SiO2 and TiO2 and the center wavelength of 1.3 mu m. The percentage bandwidths am taken to be up to 10 percent with angles of incidence up to 30 deg with P or S polarizations. It is understood that, when the bandwidth is set to be less than 5 percent or when it is set in the range of 5 to 10 percent, it is possible to achieve designed filters with percentage bandwidth errors below 1 percent and 3 percent, respectively. In all Butterworth filters, the insertion loss at the center wavelength was below 0.04 dB. For the objective ripple in Chebyshev filters set at 0.5 dB, the maximum ripples of all filters distribute within 0.15 to 2 dB while, in the case of l-dB objective ripple, they are in the range from 0.4 to 2.3 dB.

关键词： dielectric multilayer bandpass filters fundamental thickness of dielectric layers Butterworth Chebyshev

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25th Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting CNS-2016, Seogwipo City, South Korea, July 2-7, 2016 Abstracts

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BMC NEUROSCIENCE 2016年第1期17卷 1-112页

作者： [Anonymous] Computational Neurobiology Laboratory The Salk Institute for Biological Studies San Diego USA UNIC CNRS Gif sur Yvette France The European Institute for Theoretical Neuroscience (EITN) Paris France ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories Kyoto Japan Krembil Research Institute University Health Network Toronto Canada Department of Physiology University of Toronto Toronto Canada Department of Medicine (Neurology) University of Toronto Toronto Canada Department of Physics University of New Hampshire Durham USA Department of Neurophysiology Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Warsaw Poland Department of Theory Wigner Research Centre for Physics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest Hungary Department of Mathematical Sciences KAIST Daejoen Republic of Korea Department of Mathematics University of Houston Houston USA Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology and Institute of Biosciences and Bioengineering Rice University Houston USA Department of Biology and Biochemistry University of Houston Houston USA Grupo de Neurocomputación Biológica Dpto. de Ingeniería Informática Escuela Politécnica Superior Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern California Los Angeles USA Center for Neuroscience Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul South Korea Department of Neurology Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx USA Center for Neuroscience KIST Seoul South Korea Department of Neuroscience University of Science and Technology Daejon South Korea Systems Neuroscience Group QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Herston Australia Department of Psychology Yonsei University Seoul South Korea Department of Psychiatry Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong Seoul South Korea Department of Psychiatry Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School Brockton USA Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkvil

A1 Functional advantages of cell-type heterogeneity in neural circuits Tatyana O. Sharpee A2 Mesoscopic modeling of propagating waves in visual cortex Alain Destexhe A3 Dynamics and biomarkers of mental disorders Mitsuo Kawato F1 Precise recruitment of spiking output at theta frequencies requires dendritic h-channels in multi-compartment models of oriens-lacunosum/moleculare hippocampal interneurons Vladislav Sekulić, Frances K. Skinner F2 Kernel methods in reconstruction of current sources from extracellular potentials for single cells and the whole brains Daniel K. Wójcik, Chaitanya Chintaluri, Dorottya Cserpán, Zoltán Somogyvári F3 The synchronized periods depend on intracellular transcriptional repression mechanisms in circadian clocks. Jae Kyoung Kim, Zachary P. Kilpatrick, Matthew R. Bennett, Kresimir Josić O1 Assessing irregularity and coordination of spiking-bursting rhythms in central pattern generators Irene Elices, David Arroyo, Rafael Levi, Francisco B. Rodriguez, Pablo Varona O2 Regulation of top-down processing by cortically-projecting parvalbumin positive neurons in basal forebrain Eunjin Hwang, Bowon Kim, Hio-Been Han, Tae Kim, James T. McKenna, Ritchie E. Brown, Robert W. McCarley, Jee Hyun Choi O3 Modeling auditory stream segregation, build-up and bistability James Rankin, Pamela Osborn Popp, John Rinzel O4 Strong competition between tonotopic neural ensembles explains pitch-related dynamics of auditory cortex evoked fields Alejandro Tabas, André Rupp, Emili Balaguer-Ballester O5 A simple model of retinal response to multi-electrode stimulation Matias I. Maturana, David B. Grayden, Shaun L. Cloherty, Tatiana Kameneva, Michael R. Ibbotson, Hamish Meffin O6 Noise correlations in V4 area correlate with behavioral performance in visual discrimination task Veronika Koren, Timm Lochmann, Valentin Dragoi, Klaus Obermayer O7 Input-location dependent gain modulation in cerebellar nucleus neurons Maria Psarrou, Maria Schilstra, Neil Davey, Benjamin Torben-Ni

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