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International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks (BSN)

作者： Santhisagar Vaddiraju Michail Kastellorizios Allen Legassey Diane Burgess Faquir Jain Fotios Papadimitrakopoulos Nanomaterials Optoelectronics Laboratory University of Connecticut CT Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Connecticut CT Technology Incubation Program University of Connecticut CT Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Connecticut CT Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut CT

Unlike non-invasive and minimally invasive continuous monitoring of glucose (CGM) devices, invasive devices require less rigorous calibration and exhibit smaller subject-to-subject variability. Biorasis, Inc. and the University of Connecticut are developing a totally implantable CGM device. Glucowizzard™ is engineered at the smallest possible footprint (0.5 × 0.5 × 5 mm). This miniaturization is made possible by utilizing light both for powering and wireless communication. In addition, Glucowizzard™ utilizes “smart” hydrogel coatings intended for localized release of various tissue response modifiers for effective control of negative tissue responses. The use of light-based powering and communication together with advanced microelectronic design rules has allowed the fabrication of truly miniaturized CGM device. The drug delivery coating has enabled substantial reduction of negative tissue responses for up to 1 month in small as well as large animals (rats and minipigs). The functionality of Glucowizzard™ has been demonstrated in vivo in both rats and minipigs.

关键词： Sugar Coatings Biosensors Implants Diabetes Rats

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Needle-implantable, wireless biosensor for continuous glucose monitoring 12

Needle-implantable, wireless biosensor for continuous glucos...

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12th IEEE International Conference on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks, BSN 2015

作者： Vaddiraju, Santhisagar Kastellorizios, Michail Legassey, Allen Burgess, Diane Jain, Faquir Papadimitrakopoulos, Fotios Biorasis Inc. Technology Incubation Program University of Connecticut StorrsCT06268 United States Nanomaterials Optoelectronics Laboratory Institute of Materials Science University of Connecticut StorrsCT06269 United States Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Connecticut StorrsCT06269 United States Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Connecticut StorrsCT06269 United States Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut StorrsCT06269 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781467372015

Unlike non-invasive and minimally invasive continuous monitoring of glucose (CGM) devices, invasive devices require less rigorous calibration and exhibit smaller subject-to-subject variability. Biorasis, Inc. and the University of Connecticut are developing a totally implantable CGM device. Glucowizzard™ is engineered at the smallest possible footprint (0.5 × 0.5 × 5 mm). This miniaturization is made possible by utilizing light both for powering and wireless communication. In addition, Glucowizzard™ utilizes 'smart' hydrogel coatings intended for localized release of various tissue response modifiers for effective control of negative tissue responses. The use of light-based powering and communication together with advanced microelectronic design rules has allowed the fabrication of truly miniaturized CGM device. The drug delivery coating has enabled substantial reduction of negative tissue responses for up to 1 month in small as well as large animals (rats and minipigs). The functionality of Glucowizzard™ has been demonstrated in vivo in both rats and minipigs. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Rats

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Computer Literacy programs in Rural Communities: Understanding Social Motivators

Computer Literacy Programs in Rural Communities: Understandi...

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International Workshop on technology for Education, T4E

作者： Raj Gopal P. Kantamneni Ramanjaneyaraju Chintalapati Technology Incubation Program India Association for Digital Empowerment of Youth Hyderabad India

A successful computer literacy program designed for rural communities would need to work in a diverse set of conditions such as the lack of electricity, diverse student educational backgrounds, motivation levels, different levels of community engagement, community politics, and beliefs. This paper shares our experience with running computer literacy training camps in rural Andhra Pradesh, India, and how changing elements of the program can change the outcome of a program.

关键词： Training Communities Computers Mice Keyboards Electricity

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Enhancing the sensitivity of needle-implantable electrochemical glucose sensors via surface rebuilding

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Journal of Diabetes Science and technology 2013年第2期7卷 441-451页

作者： Vaddiraju, Santhisagar Legassey, Allen Qiang, Liangliang Wang, Yan Burgess, Diane J. Papadimitrakopoulos, Fotios Biorasis Inc. Technology Incubation Program University of Connecticut Storrs CT United States Polymer Program Institute of Material Science U-3136 University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 United States Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Connecticut Storrs CT United States Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs CT United States

Objective: Needle-implantable sensors have shown to provide reliable continuous glucose monitoring for diabetes management. In order to reduce tissue injury during sensor implantation, there is a constant need for device size reduction, which imposes challenges in terms of sensitivity and reliability, as part of decreasing signal-tonoise and increasing layer complexity. Herein, we report sensitivity enhancement via electrochemical surface rebuilding of the working electrode (WE), which creates a three-dimensional nanoporous configuration with increased surface area. Methods: The gold WE was electrochemically rebuilt to render its surface nanoporous followed by decoration with platinum nanoparticles. The efficacy of such process was studied using sensor sensitivity against hydrogen peroxide (H2O 2). For glucose detection, the WE was further coated with five layers, namely, (1) polyphenol, (2) glucose oxidase, (3) polyurethane, (4) catalase, and (5) dexamethasone-releasing poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(lactic-co- glycolic acid) composite. The amperometric response of the glucose sensor was noted in vitro and in vivo. Results: Scanning electron microscopy revealed that electrochemical rebuilding of the WE produced a nanoporous morphology that resulted in a 20-fold enhancement in H2O2 sensitivity, while retaining >98% selectivity. This afforded a 4-5-fold increase in overall glucose response of the glucose sensor when compared with a control sensor with no surface rebuilding and fittable only within an 18 G needle. The sensor was able to reproducibly track in vivo glycemic events, despite the large background currents typically encountered during animal testing. Conclusion: Enhanced sensor performance in terms of sensitivity and large signal-to-noise ratio has been attained via electrochemical rebuilding of the WE. This approach also bypasses the need for conventional and nanostructured mediators currently employed to enhance senso

关键词： Electrochemical Implantable glucose sensor Membranes Needle-implantable Sensitivity Surface etching

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A low power miniaturized CMOS-based continuous glucose monitoring system

A low power miniaturized CMOS-based continuous glucose monit...

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International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks (BSN)

作者： Robert A. Croce Santhisagar Vaddiraju Allen Legassey Yan Wang Diane Burgess Fotios Papadimitrakopoulos Faquir C. Jain Biorasis Inc. Technology Incubation Program Storrs CT 06269 USA Technology Incubation Program Biorasis Inc. Storrs CT USA Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA Polymer Program Department of Chemistry Institute of Materials Science University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479903313

This paper presents the design and fabrication of a highly-miniaturized system for continuous glucose monitoring which holds great promise for patients inflicted with diabetes mellitus. To achieve the realization of a truly implantable system, a variety of issues such as robust electrochemical sensor design, miniaturization of the electronic components and counteracting biofouling and negative tissue response need to be addressed. In this report, we present a highly-miniaturized transcutaneous continuous glucose monitoring system which holistically addresses the aforementioned tribulations associated with implantable devices. Specifically, a high performance amperometric electrochemical glucose sensor is integrated with custom designed complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor electronics. The fabricated electrochemical sensor is Clark-based, and employs stratification of five functional layers to achieve a linear response within the physiological range of glucose concentration (2–22 mM). Furthermore, the sensor is encased with a thick polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel containing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres which provides continuous, localized delivery of dexamethasone utilized to combat inflammation and fibrosis. Such miniature size (0.665 mm 2 ) and low power operation (140 μW) of the electronic system render it ideal for continuous glucose monitoring devices and other metabolic sensing systems.

关键词： Sugar Monitoring CMOS integrated circuits Signal processing Electrodes Diabetes Sensors

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A low power miniaturized CMOS-based continuous glucose monitoring system

A low power miniaturized CMOS-based continuous glucose monit...

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2013 IEEE International Conference on Body Sensor Networks, BSN 2013

作者： Croce Jr., Robert A. Vaddiraju, Santhisagar Legassey, Allen Wang, Yan Burgess, Diane Papadimitrakopoulos, Fotios Jain, Faquir C. Biorasis Inc. Technology Incubation Program Storrs CT 06269 United States Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 United States Dept. of Chemistry Institute of Materials Science University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781479903306

This paper presents the design and fabrication of a highly-miniaturized system for continuous glucose monitoring which holds great promise for patients inflicted with diabetes mellitus. To achieve the realization of a truly implantable system, a variety of issues such as robust electrochemical sensor design, miniaturization of the electronic components and counteracting biofouling and negative tissue response need to be addressed. In this report, we present a highly-miniaturized transcutaneous continuous glucose monitoring system which holistically addresses the aforementioned tribulations associated with implantable devices. Specifically, a high performance amperometric electrochemical glucose sensor is integrated with custom designed complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor electronics. The fabricated electrochemical sensor is Clark-based, and employs stratification of five functional layers to achieve a linear response within the physiological range of glucose concentration (2-22 mM). Furthermore, the sensor is encased with a thick polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel containing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres which provides continuous, localized delivery of dexamethasone utilized to combat inflammation and fibrosis. Such miniature size (0.665 mm2) and low power operation (140 μW) of the electronic system render it ideal for continuous glucose monitoring devices and other metabolic sensing systems. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： CMOS integrated circuits

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Low-power signal processing methodologies for implantable biosensing platforms

Low-power signal processing methodologies for implantable bi...

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2013 IEEE Signal Processing in Medicine and Biology Symposium, SPMB 2013

作者： Croce Jr., Robert A. Vaddiraju, Santhisagar Legassey, Allen Islam, Syed K. Papadimitrakopoulos, Fotios Jain, Faquir C. IBiorasis Inc. Technology Incubation Program Storrs CT 06269 United States Dept. of Chemistry Institute of Materials Science University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 United States Analog VLSI and Devices Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781479930074

This paper presents the design and implementation of highly-miniaturized, low-power CMOS signal conditioning schemes intended for use in a totally implantable biomedical sensor platform. Due to the thrust for the development implantable biomedical sensing systems for health management and disease prevention, there exists a need for signal processing schemes which occupy very little on-chip real estate and consume negligible amounts of power. In light of this, this paper presents both a CMOS current-to-frequency converter and voltage-tofrequency converter which have been designed primarily for use in implantable biosensing platforms and applications. Such designs can be implemented in stand-alone single sensor designs, or in tandem to create multi-analyte architectures. The versatility of employing current-to-frequency as well as voltageto- frequency signal transduction schemes presents an avenue for the integration with any electrochemical sensing element which has been fabricated in an amperometric or voltammetric fashion. Furthermore, we demonstrate the efficacy of both these circuit designs by integrating them together with high performance electrochemical implantable glucose and pH sensors. The low power consumption and miniature size of the amperometric and voltammetric signal processing units (0.25 mm2 and 18 IlW / 0.045 mm2 and 122 IlW, respectively) presents an ideal design for signal processing in implantable continuous metabolic monitoring devices.

关键词： Signal processing

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Low-power signal processing methodologies for implantable biosensing platforms

Low-power signal processing methodologies for implantable bi...

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IEEE Signal Processing in Medicine and Biology Symposium (SPMB)

作者： Robert A. Croce Santhisagar Vaddiraju Allen Legassey Syed K. Islam Fotios Papadimitrakopoulos Faquir C. Jain Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Connecticut CT USA Dept. of Chemistry University of Connecticut CT USA Technology Incubation Program Biorasis Inc. CT USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA

This paper presents the design and implementation of highly-miniaturized, low-power CMOS signal conditioning schemes intended for use in a totally implantable biomedical sensor platform. Due to the thrust for the development implantable biomedical sensing systems for health management and disease prevention, there exists a need for signal processing schemes which occupy very little on-chip real estate and consume negligible amounts of power. In light of this, this paper presents both a CMOS current-to-frequency converter and voltage-to-frequency converter which have been designed primarily for use in implantable biosensing platforms and applications. Such designs can be implemented in stand-alone single sensor designs, or in tandem to create multi-analyte architectures. The versatility of employing current-to-frequency as well as voltage-to-frequency signal transduction schemes presents an avenue for the integration with any electrochemical sensing element which has been fabricated in an amperometric or voltammetric fashion. Furthermore, we demonstrate the efficacy of both these circuit designs by integrating them together with high performance electrochemical implantable glucose and pH sensors. The low power consumption and miniature size of the amperometric and voltammetric signal processing units (0.25 mm 2 and 18 μW / 0.045 mm 2 and 122 μW, respectively) presents an ideal design for signal processing in implantable continuous metabolic monitoring devices.

关键词： Monitoring Biomedical monitoring Educational institutions CMOS integrated circuits Microelectronics Current measurement Sugar

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Technologies for continuous glucose monitoring: Current problems and future promises

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Journal of Diabetes Science and technology 2010年第6期4卷 1540-1562页

作者： Vaddiraju, Santhisagar Burgess, Diane J. Tomazos, Ioannis Jain, Faquir C. Papadimitrakopoulos, Fotios Nanomaterials Optoelectronics Laboratory Institute of Materials Science University of Connecticut Storrs CT United States Biorasis Inc. Technology Incubation Program University of Connecticut Storrs CT United States Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Connecticut Storrs CT United States Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs CT United States Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs CT United States

Devices for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) are currently a major focus of research in the area of diabetes management. It is envisioned that such devices will have the ability to alert a diabetes patient (or the parent or medical care giver of a diabetes patient) of impending hypoglycemic/ hyperglycemic events and thereby enable the patient to avoid extreme hypoglycemic/hyperglycemic excursions as well as minimize deviations outside the normal glucose range, thus preventing both life-threatening events and the debilitating complications associated with diabetes. It is anticipated that CGM devices will utilize constant feedback of analytical information from a glucose sensor to activate an insulin delivery pump, thereby ultimately realizing the concept of an artificial pancreas. Depending on whether the CGM device penetrates/breaks the skin and/or the sample is measured extracorporeally, these devices can be categorized as totally invasive, minimally invasive, and noninvasive. In addition, CGM devices are further classified according to the transduction mechanisms used for glucose sensing (i.e., electrochemical, optical, and piezoelectric). However, at present, most of these technologies are plagued by a variety of issues that affect their accuracy and long-term performance. This article presents a critical comparison of existing CGM technologies, highlighting critical issues of device accuracy, foreign body response, calibration, and miniaturization. An outlook on future developments with an emphasis on long-term reliability and performance is also presented. © Diabetes technology Society.

关键词： Accuracy Calibration Continuous glucose monitoring Glucose detection Glucose sensors Invasiveness

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Effect of aeration on denitrification by Ochrobactrum anthropi SY509

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Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering 2002年第6期7卷 352-356页

作者： Song, Seung Hoon Yeom, Sung Ho Choi, Suk Soon Yoo, Young Je Interdisciplinary Program for Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology South Korea EnzyBiotech Inc. Technology Incubation Network South Korea Department of Environmental Engineering Semyung University Jecheon 390-711 South Korea School of Chemical Engineering Seoul National University Seoul 151-742 South Korea

Aeration was found to affect the biological denitrification by Ochrobactrum anthropi SY509. Although cell growth was vigorous under 1 vvm of aeration and an agitation speed of 400 rpm in a 3-L jar fermentor, almost no nitrate was removed. Yet under low agitation speeds (100, 200, and 300 rpm), denitrification occurred when the dissolved oxygen was exhausted shortly after the inoculation of the microorganism. Ochrobactrum anthropi SY509 was found to express highly active denitrifying enzymes under anaerobic conditions. The microorganism also synthesized denitrifying enzymes under aerobic conditions (1 vvm and 400 rpm), yet their activity was only 60% of the maximum level under anaerobic conditions and the nitrate removal efficiency was merely 15%. However, although the activities of the denitrifying enzymes were inhibited in the presence of oxygen, they were fully recovered when the conditions were switched to anaerobic conditions.

关键词： Aeration Denitrification Nitrate reductase Nitrate removal Ochrobactrum anthropi Wastewater treatment

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