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OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTROSPINNING PROCESS PARAMETERS FOR TISSUE engineering SCAFFOLDS

Biophysical Reviews and Letters 2006年第2期1卷 153-178页

作者： MING CHEN PRABIR K. PATRA STEVEN B. WARNER SANKHA BHOWMICK Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program All University of Massachusetts — Dartmouth N. Dartmouth MA 02747 USA Department of Textile Sciences All University of Massachusetts — Dartmouth N. Dartmouth MA 02747 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering All University of Massachusetts — Dartmouth N. Dartmouth MA 02747 USA

The goal of the current study was to optimize important process parameters for electrospinning polycaprolactone (PCL) for growing 3T3 fibroblasts. We hypothesized that the smallest obtainable fiber diameter would provide the best cell growth kinetics and we tested this hypothesis for three different process parameters: solution concentration, voltage and collector screen distance. Beaded structures were formed when using low concentration electrospinning solutions (8 wt% to 13 wt%), in which the viscosity ranged from 16.0 c P to 340.0 c P . In this concentration range, cell growth kinetics was impeded when using a high concentration of cells (8–10 × 10 5 ). Higher PCL concentration led to an increase in the average fiber diameter from 400 nm to 1600 nm when PCL solution concentration changed from 15 wt% to 20 wt%. Although, the mean values indicated that cell growth kinetics were higher at the lower end of the concentration (15% as opposed to 20%) and this correlated with lower average fiber diameter, the results in this range were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The average fiber diameter of scaffolds first decreased and then increased when electrospinning voltage was increased. The cell growth kinetics demonstrated that smaller average diameter PCL fiber scaffolds had higher growth kinetics than larger average diameter scaffolds with the best conditions obtained at 15 KV. By increasing the screen distance, the average fiber diameter decreased but had no significant impact on cell growth kinetics. In summary, the optimal parametric space for 3T3 fibroblast growth for our studies was electrospinning a 15 wt% PCL solution using 15 kV voltage and a 25 cm collector distance.

关键词： Electrospinning polycaprolactone tissue engineering scaffold SEM cell growth kinetics

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Design and properties of blended sandwich non-drip PA6/Lenzing Fr®/Pbi fiber nonwoven fabrics

Design and properties of blended sandwich non-drip PA6/Lenzi...

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SAMPE Seattle 2017 Conference

作者： Yao, Lan Wu, Hao Capelli, Lucas Koo, Joseph. H. Krifa, Mourad Donghua University Department of High-Tech Textiles College of Textiles No. 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai201620 China Dept. of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at Austin 204 E. Dean Keeton-C2200 AustinTX78712 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States School of Human Ecology-Textile and Apparel Technology University of Texas at Austin A270 AustinTX78712 United States

In the current thermal protective clothing systems, maximizing the personal protection performance against fire and heat is in great demand. Additionally, minimizing the manufacturing cost by using low-cost materials is also a critical factor. In the previous study, a new type of low-cost flame resistant (FR) non-drip Polyamide 6 (PA6) fiber was developed. In this paper, this FR non-drip PA6 fiber was tested in blends with two inherently FR fibers to form FR nonwoven fabrics. Different formulations of varying blending ratios of these three fibers were processed into nonwoven fabrics. The vertical flame resistance and the thermal properties were characterized. Tensile tests were conducted to characterize mechanical properties of these FR nonwoven fabrics. The water vapor permeability test was also performed to measure the wearability of the fabric. Results of several polymer blends were compared to find the optimum formulation which will be used as low-cost thermal protective fabric in the future. © Copyright 2017. Used by the Society of the Advancement of Material and Process engineering with permission.

关键词： Fibers

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Surface morphology and flammability of two flame resistant fibers and their blended nonwoven fabrics

Surface morphology and flammability of two flame resistant f...

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SAMPE Long Beach 2016 Conference and Exhibition

作者： Yao, Lan Koo, Joseph H. Wu, Hao Krifa, Mourad Donghua University Department of High-tech Textiles College of Textiles No. 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai201620 China University of Texas at Austin Dept. of Mechanical Engineering 204 E. Dean Keeton-C2200 AustinTX78712 United States Materials Science and Engineering Materials and Science Program University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States School of Human Ecology-Textile and Apparel Technology University of Texas at Austin A270 AustinTX78712 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781934551233

Protective clothing is essential for fire and heat protection in numerous professions. Instead of using flame resistant (FR) fabric finishing, the inherently FR fibers can be considered due to their long wear-life and durability. In this study, polybenzimidazole (PBI) fiber and Lenzing FR® fiber were selected to form FR nonwoven fabrics. The fiber surface structures were observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showing different structures for the two types of fibers. Typical flammability parameters including heat release rate (HRR) and heat release capacity (HRC) were tested for the two fibers using the Microscale Combustion Calorimeter (MCC). Both PBI and Lenzing FR® fibers show their high flame and heat resistance properties using MCC. In addition, the 20/80 PBI/Lenzing FR® blended nonwoven fabric was designed, fabricated, and tested. In general, the measured HRR results from MCC test showed relatively good agreement with the calculated peaks of Lenzing FR® and PBI fibers, showing the rule of mixtures for the HRRs for the blending fabrics. In the flame resistance test, the after-flame time of the fabric from the test is approximately 0.5s. The mean value of the char length of the as-received fabric is 3.8±0.89 inches. No melting or dripping were observed during the combustion. Copyright 2016. Used by the Society of the Advancement of Material and Process engineering with permission.

关键词： Fibers

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Ecological Costs Applied in the Bleaching of Cotton： A Study for an Optimized Process

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical engineering 2013年第7期7卷 633-636页

作者： Rosa Jorge Marcos Tambourgi Elias Basile Santana Jose Carlo Curvelo Carmo Renee Simoes Argolo Arafjo Mauricio de Campos College of Chemistry Engineering State University of Campinas Sao Paulo 03008-020 Brazil Post Graduation Department College of Technology Antoine Skaf Sao Paulo 03008-202 Brazil Production Engineering Post Graduation Program Nine o f July University Sao Paulo 5001-100 Brazil Textile and Fashion Post Graduation Program Sao Paulo University S6o Paulo 03828-000 Brazil

The aim of this paper was to study three variables in hydrogen peroxide bleaching of cotton fabrics： the amount of hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）, peroxide stabilizer （Na2SiO3） and the process temperature. The factorial planning of two levels and three factors was done in order to obtain an optimized recipe for subsequent comparison with commons recipes used in industry. Were evaluated the brightness （DL）, energy consumption （dQ）, H2O2 residual （Rox）, processing time and ecological costs.

关键词： Cotton bleaching factorial planning ecological costs.

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Effects of needle-punch rate on properties of PET/Kevlar/LPET nonwoven geotextiles 4

Effects of needle-punch rate on properties of PET/Kevlar/LPE...

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4th International Workshop on Computer Science and engineering-Winter, WCSE 2014

作者： Lin, Jia-Horng Li, Jia-Hsun Hsieh, Jing-Chzi Hsing, Wen-Hao Lou, Ching-Wen Laboratory of Fiber Application and Manufacturing Department of Fiber and Composite Materials Feng Chia University Taichung City40724 Taiwan School of Chinese Medicine China Medical University Taichung40402 Taiwan Department of Fashion Design Asia University Taichung41354 Taiwan Department of Ph. D Program in Civil and Hydraulic Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung City40724 Taiwan Department of Land Management Feng Chia University Taichung City40724 Taiwan Department of Textile Engineering Chinese Culture University Taipei11114 Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taichung40601 Taiwan

Geotextiles feature reinforcement, drainage, filtration, separation, and act as a moisture barrier, and are commonly used in civil and geotechnical engineering applications. Using nonwoven fabrics as geotextiles has become a recent trend;therefore, this study combines crimped polyester (PET) fibers, recycled Kevlar unidirectional selvage fibers, and low-melting-point PET (LPET) fiber to make PET/Kevlar/LPET nonwoven geotextiles, the mechanical properties of which are then examined. The test results show that the tensile strength and tearing strength of the PET/Kevlar/LPET nonwoven geotextiles increases as a result of an increasing needle-punch rate from 150 punches/min to 200 punches/min. The mechanical properties along the cross machine direciton (CD) of the nonwoven geotextiles is greater than that along the machine direction (MD). When the needle-punching rate exceeds 200 punches/min, the mechanical properties of the nonwoven geotextiles slightly decrease.

关键词： Needles

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Effects of Needle-Punch Depth on Properties of PET/LPET/Kevlar Nonwoven Geotextiles

Effects of Needle-Punch Depth on Properties of PET/LPET/Kevl...

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2nd International Conference on Advanced Composite Materials and Manufacturing engineering, CMME 2014

作者： Lin, Jia Horng Hsieh, Jing Chzi Li, Jia Hsun Hsing, Wen Hao Lou, Ching Wen Laboratory of Fiber Application and Manufacturing Department of Fiber and Composite Materials Feng Chia University Taichung City 40724 Taiwan School of Chinese Medicine China Medical University Taichung 40402 Taiwan Department of Fashion Design Asia University Taichung 41354 Taiwan Department of Land Management Feng Chia University Taichung City 40724 Taiwan Department of Ph. D Program in Civil and Hydraulic Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung City 40724 Taiwan The Department of Textile Engineering Chinese Culture University Taipei 11114 Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taichung 40601 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9783038350651

Geotextile has been commonly used in civil and geotechnical engineering applications, and the majority of geotextiles is made of nonwoven fabrics. Therefore, this study combines crimped polyester (PET) fibers, recycled Kevlar unidirectional selvage fibers, and low-melting-point PET (LPET) fibers to form PET/Kevlar/LPET nonwoven geotextiles, and then examines how various neelde-punch depths influence mechanical properties of the resulting nonwoven geotextiles. The tensile strength, tearing strength, bursting strength, and static puncture resistance of the nonwoven fabrics increase as a result of an increase of 0.3 cm to 0.5 cm in needle-punch depth. However, an increase of 0.5 cm to 0.7 cm causes a slight decrease in all aforementioned properties. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

关键词： Needles

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Ion-exchanged zeolite as a hybrid system: Fluoxetine removal and antibacterial activity

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Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 2025年

作者： Gabriela Maria Matos Demiti Natália Cândido Homem Helena Prado Felgueiras Anna Carla Ribeiro Benício Alves de Abreu Filho Mara Heloisa Neves Olsen Scaliante Miguel Torres Rodríguez Rosângela Bergamasco State University of Maringá Department of Chemical Engineering Av. Colombo 5790 Maringá 87020-900 Paraná Brazil Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T) University of Minho (UMinho) Azurém Campus University Street 4800-058 Guimarães Portugal Simoldes Plastics Research and Innovation Department Comendador António da Silva Rodrigues Street 100 3720-502 Oliveira de Azeméis Portugal State University of Maringá Department of Biotechnology Genetics and Cell Biology Av. Colombo 5790 Maringá 87020-900 Paraná Brazil State University of Maringá Post-Graduate Program in Food Science Av. Colombo 5790 Maringá 87020-900 Paraná Brazil Metropolitan Autonomous University Division of Basic Science and Engineering Av. San Pablo Xalpa 180 San Martin Xochinahuac Azcapotzalco Ciudad de México 02128 Mexico

The increasing consumption of antidepressants, aggravated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has resulted in the detection of compounds such as fluoxetine in drinking water. This substance is highly toxic to aquatic organisms and has the potential for bioaccumulation in aquatic environments. This study evaluated the effects of modifying natural zeolites through ion exchange to enhance their adsorption capacity and assess their multifunctional potential. Natural zeolites were modified by immersion in 0.1 mol L −1 solutions of AgNO 3 , MgCl 2 , FeSO 4 , and FeCl 3 , and their performance in fluoxetine removal was systematically compared. The samples were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, point of zero charge, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Adsorption experiments were conducted with an adsorbent concentration of 1 g L −1 and an initial fluoxetine concentration of 20 mg L −1 . The silver-modified zeolite (ZN-AgNO 3 ), which achieved the best performance among the tested materials, was selected for further testing. The pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models provided the best kinetic and isotherm fits, respectively, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 36.36 mg g −1 , achieved at 308 K and an equilibrium time of 21 h. Desorption experiments showed that the adsorbent maintained recovery rates above 50% over four cycles of reuse. The main adsorption mechanisms involved ion exchange, electrostatic interactions, and hydrogen bonding, in addition to the affinity of silver with the functional groups of fluoxetine. The adsorbent also inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli . Overall, ZN-AgNO 3 demonstrated potential for fluoxetine removal and antibacterial activity.

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Rubber toughening of flame retardant polyamide 6 nanocomposite systems 2

Rubber toughening of flame retardant polyamide 6 nanocomposi...

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2nd Annual Composites and Advanced Materials Expo, CAMX 2015

作者： Wu, Hao Krifa, Mourad Koo, Joseph H. Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute University of Texas at Austin 204 E. Dean Keeton St. C2200 AustinTX78712 United States School of Human Ecology-Textile and Apparel Technology University of Texas at Austin 204 E. Dean Keeton St. C2200 AustinTX78712 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at Austin 204 E. Dean Keeton St. C2200 AustinTX78712 United States

Previous studies indicate that although flame-retardant modified polyamide 6 shows effective reduction in heat release capacity, it suffers significant loss in ductility. In this study, elastomer toughening is explored as a means of recovering ductility of polyamide 6/ intumescent flame retardant composite systems. This was achieved using a maleic anhydride modified SBR elastomer incorporated into the system by melt blending. MCC Flammability tests show that the blends with elastomers exhibit slightly improved flame retardant properties compared to the original polyamide 6/intumescent flame retardant system however the UL-94 rating of elastomer toughened samples were only rated as V-1. Therfore nanoclay was introduced as a fourth component to perform as a synergistic additive to the intumescent flame retardants. With small amount (5wt.%) of nanoclay, a UL-94 V-0 rating was achieved with even lower flame retardant concentreation (15wt.% flame retardant and 10wt.% elastomer). Tensile tests show that the incorporation of flame retardant additives and elastomers degrade the tensile strength compared to neat polyamide 6. On the other hand, the addition of flame retardant enhanced the tensile modulus, while the addition of elastomers succeeded in partially recovering the lost elongation at break. Copyright 2015 by Hao Wu. Published by CAMX-The Composites and Advanced Materials Expo with permission.

关键词： Flame retardants

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Flame retardant nylon 6 fibers by melt-spinning

Flame retardant nylon 6 fibers by melt-spinning

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SAMPE Long Beach 2016 Conference and Exhibition

作者： Wu, Hao Krifa, Mourad Koo, Joseph H. Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute University of Texas at Austin 204 E. Dean Keeton St. C2200 AustinTX78712 United States School of Human Ecology-Textile and Apparel Technology University of Texas at Austin 200 W 24th St. A2700 AustinTX78712 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at Austin 204 E. Dean Keeton St. C2200 AustinTX78712 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781934551233

Previous studies on injection molded samples have yielded non-drip flame retardant nylon 6 nanocomposite through the infusion of nanoclay and non-halogenated intumescent particles (FR) via co-rotating twin-screw extrusion. In addition, rubber toughening was found to be an effective approach to recovering the loss of ductility of the nanocomposite formulations while preserving the non-drip FR performance of the bulk material. This study aims to transfer the knowledge from injection molded bulk samples to melt spun fibers. Thus, non-drip flame retardant nylon 6 nanocomposite fibers were processed by melt spinning. Melt viscosity, fiber morphology, microstructure and flammability properties are discussed in this report. Copyright 2016. Used by the Society of the Advancement of Material and Process engineering with permission.

关键词： Melt spinning

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Elastomer-Based Soft Syntactic Foam with Broadly Tunable Mechanical Properties and Shapability

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Ghosh, Tushar K. Pragya, Akanksha Young, Natalie Department of Textile Engineering Chemistry and Science Wilson College of Textiles North Carolina State University RaleighNC27606 United States Fiber and Polymer Science Program Wilson College of Textiles North Carolina State University RaleighNC27695 United States

Fabrication of lightweight composites using thermally responsive expandable microspheres (EM) embedded in an elastomeric matrix to form syntactic foams offers significant opportunities to create functional and structural composites for diverse applications. The morphology of the EM-elastomer composite on the micro- and macro-scales is significantly influenced by the fabrication sequence and parameters (composition, expansion time/temperature, etc.). Herein, we report the morphological evolution of an EM-elastomer composite through the fabrication processes and elucidate the interaction of relevant fabrication parameters. Unlike the majority of published reports on hard EM composites, the in-situ expansion of the closed-cell foam structure within a soft matrix leads to larger void sizes, and the concomitant expansive force of the EM impacts the polymer chain mobility within the soft composite. At the same time, higher EM loading improves the mechanical properties;the evolved microstructure leads to a lightweight but stiff structure. For the first time, the report details the thermal expansion of EM under applied pretension, which leads to irreversible prestrain-dependent morphological changes toward anisotropic mechanical properties. Additionally, the composites are shaped under constrained expansion. The study provides a comprehensive guide and expands the pathways for the practical application of EM-embedded soft syntactic foams in aerospace, electronics, wearables, robotics, etc. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Elastomers

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