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Too hot to handle? Governance, markets, and the slow burn of geothermal energy in Taiwan

Energy Research and Social Science 2025年 125卷

作者： Hsieh, Chun-Po Liu, Yuwen International Intercollegiate Ph.D. Program National Tsing Hua University 101 Section 2 Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan Institute of Technology Management National Tsing Hua University 101 Section 2 Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan

despite significant resource potential and ambitious targets, geothermal energy development in Taiwan remains limited. This study applies the Technological Innovation System (TIS) framework to examine why diffusion has stalled, using process analysis and stakeholder interviews. Findings reveal that weak market incentives, high costs, regulatory barriers, and social resistance, especially in Indigenous areas, have created a proto-virtuous cycle where progress is sustained but insufficient for large-scale adoption. The study introduces this concept to explain incomplete innovation dynamics and proposes policy reforms, including risk sharing, streamlined governance, and inclusive stakeholder engagement. These insights highlight the need to align policy, market, and social factors to advance geothermal energy in Taiwan and inform similar energy transitions elsewhere. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Energy policy Geothermal energy Renewable energy Taiwan Technological innovation system

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Exploring the Interaction dynamics of Growth-Promoting Bacterial Endophytes and Fertilizer on Oryza sativa L. Under Heat Stress

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Rice 2025年第1期18卷 1-16页

作者： dlamini, Wonder Nathi Yu, Kuo-Pin Chen, Wen-Ching Shen, Fo-Ting Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences National Chung-Hsing University No. 145 Xingda Rd. South Dist Taichung 402 Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Environmental Science and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University No.155 Sec. 2 Li-Nong Street Taipei 112304 Taiwan International Bachelor Program of Agribusiness National Chung-Hsing University 145 Xingda Rd. Taichung 402 Taiwan Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA) National Chung Hsing University No. 145 Xingda Road South District Taichung 40227 Taiwan Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University No. 155 Sec. 2 Li-Nong Street Taipei 112304 Taiwan

The demand for rice (Oryza sativa L.) as a staple food continues to grow, but rising temperatures due to climate change pose a significant threat to its production. This study addresses the challenge by employing endophytic bacteria and fertilizer to mitigate the adverse effects of high temperatures on rice plants. Seedlings were evaluated for growth parameters, comparing outcomes with non-inoculated counterparts under normal and 40 to 45 °C heat shock conditions. Isolates underwent thorough dNA extraction and 16 S rRNA gene sequencing for identification and were scrutinized for their plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits. The effects of fertilizer and thermotolerant bacteria on rice plants were investigated in controlled chambers at 25 °C for 14 days, succeeded by exposure to 40 °C for 10 days. A consecutive soil pot experiment extended over 150 days, exposing plants to growth chambers set at 35 °C for 60 days, followed by a rapid increase to 40 °C for 30 days and a subsequent reduction to 35 °C for an additional 60 days. Inoculating with the isolates resulted in panicle development and increased plant biomass and length, with fresh grain weights showing a 50% improvement when using bacterial strain W (B. paralicheniformis). Additionally, dry grain weights per panicle rose by 113% with strain W, 83% with strain N (B. pumilus), and 87% with strain d (B. paranthracis) compared to the control. Bacterial strain W exhibited the most pronounced effect on rice yield under heat stress. The results demonstrated a decrease in malondialdehyde (MdA) levels after 150 days of heat stress and half-dose of the recommended fertilizer. Bacterial inoculation increased proline, salicylate, and abscisic acid content, suggesting the alleviation of osmotic stress effects. This highlights the role of endophytic bacteria in stimulating biologically active responses within rice plant cells. Notably, bacterial strains W, N, and d show potential for enhancing plant growth and mitigating heat st

关键词： Bacterial endophytes Fertilizer interaction Growth promotion Heat stress mitigation High temperature Rice (Oryza sativa)

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Surface Interface Engineered and Sulfur Source Inspired Carbon Nanofiber Mediated Growth of NSMO directly on Nickel Foam for Ultra-High Energy density Aqueous Asymmetric Supercapacitors

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Advanced Sustainable Systems 2025年

作者： Tamilselvan, Arun Karuppanan, Aravinth Bhargav, Pamula Balaji Govindasamy, Mani Department of Physics SSN Research Centre Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering Tamilnadu Kalavakam 603110 India International Ph.D. Program in Innovative Technology of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Devices Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei 243303 Taiwan Research Center for Intelligence Medical Devices Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei 243303 Taiwan

To advance energy storage technologies, the development of high-performance supercapacitor electrodes is paramount. This study presents a novel, binder-free electrode constructed from earth-abundant materials. A surface interfaced nanocomposite comprising Ni₃S₂ and MnO₂ hierarchical nanostructure (NSMO) is directly grown on carbon nanofibers (CNF) using hydrothermal method. This approach offers scalability and cost-effectiveness for large-scale applications. The electrode's exceptional electrochemical performance arises from the synergistic interactions between the mixed oxidation states and composite structure. It exhibits a maximum specific capacitance of 1470 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹, coupled with remarkable stability, retaining 78.94% of its capacitance and delivering a Columbic efficiency of 99.5% after 15,000 cycles. When integrated into an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC), the electrode demonstrated a specific capacitance of 215.7 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹, an energy density of 67 Wh kg⁻¹ at a power density of 750 W kg⁻¹, and excellent cycle life. These results highlight the potential of the binder-free hybrid CNF@NSMO hierarchical nanostructure electrode as a sustainable and high-performance candidate for next-generation supercapacitor applications. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： binder free CNF high energy density ASC MnO2 Ni3S2 supercapacitor

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Structural optimization and biological evaluation of indolin-2-one derivatives as novel CdK8 inhibitors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

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Biomedicine and pharmacotherapy 2025年 184卷 117891-117891页

作者： Hsu, Jui-Yi Hsu, Kai-Cheng Chou, Ching-Hsuan He, Tzu-Ying Lin, Tony Eight Sung, Tzu-Ying Yen, Shih-Chung Hsieh, Jui-Hua Yang, Chia-Ron Huang, Wei-Jan Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Cancer Center Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan School of Pharmacy College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Warshel Institute for Computational Biology School of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) Shenzhen China Division of Translational Toxicology National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Institutes of Health Durham NC United States School of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan

Cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CdK8) plays a crucial role in the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway, which is critical to the pathology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). CdK8 promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, making it a promising target for IPF treatment. This study focused on optimizing F059–1017, a previously identified CdK8 inhibitor, to enhance its potency. Through integrated structure-based modifications, a series of compounds was synthesized, and their inhibitory effects on CdK8 were tested. Results indicated that substituting with cyclopentanone significantly improved the inhibitory activity, and compound 4j demonstrated the best potency (IC₅₀ = 16 nM). Notably, compared to F059–1017, its potency increased 35-fold, and kinase profiling revealed that the compound was selective for CdK8. Compound 4j inhibited the TGF-β1-induced EMT, cell migration, and morphological changes in A549 cells at a concentration of 0.1 μM and inhibited ECM and EMT protein expressions. In addition, the compound blocked TGF-β1-induced transcriptional changes and inhibited Smad3 and RNA polymerase II phosphorylation. These results highlight the potential of the optimized CdK8 inhibitor as a prospective drug for IPF treatment. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Cyclin-dependent protein kinase 8 Epithelial-mesenchymal transition Indolin-2-one, Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Structural optimization Transforming growth factor beta

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Graphene quantum dot-decorated TiO2 nanowires/nanotubes: enhanced photocatalysis for methylene blue and pesticide degradation

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Applied physics A: Materials Science and Processing 2025年第4期131卷

作者： Uyen, Ngo Ngoc Tu, Ly Anh Le, phuoc Huu Faculty of Applied Science Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology-VNUHCM 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street District 10 Ho Chi Minh70000 Viet Nam Center for Plasma and Thin Film Technologies and International Ph.D. Program in Plasma and Thin Film Technology Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei243303 Taiwan Department of Physics and Biophysics Faculty of Basic Sciences Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy 179 Nguyen Van Cu Street Can Tho94000 Viet Nam

In this study, TiO2 nanowires/nanotubes (TiO2 WT) and graphene quantum dots-decorated TiO2 WT (GQds/TiO2 WT) were fabricated using a combination of anodic oxidation and hydrothermal methods. Both TiO2 WT and GQds/TiO2 WT exhibited anatase phase with preferred orientations along the (101), (004), (112), (200), and (105) planes. The TiO2 WT displayed a well-defined, uniform structure comprising nanotube arrays with an average diameter of ~ 100 nm and a length of ~ 4.8 μm, covered by nanowires with lengths of 2.5–3.5 μm. Amorphous GQds were successfully decorated onto TiO2 WT at various loading levels, as confirmed by XRd, SEM, HRTEM, EdS, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS. GQds/TiO2 WT demonstrated photocatalytic activity approximately twice as high as TiO2 WT for degrading methylene blue (MB) and pesticides, including methiocarb (MTC), carbofuran (CBF), and dimethoate (dMT). The photodegradation rates achieved for GQds-2/TiO2 WT were 1.336 × 10⁻2 min− 1 for MB, 20.3 × 10⁻2 min− 1 for CBF, 121 × 10⁻2 min− 1 for MTC, and 21.8 × 10⁻2 min− 1 for dMT. The enhanced performance was attributed to the synergistic effects of improved photogenerated electron-hole separation and extended light absorption compared to bare TiO2. Stability tests over four cycles of MB degradation showed ~ 80% retention of photocatalytic efficiency, indicating excellent reusability and structural stability. These results highlight the potential of GQds/TiO2 WT as a robust and efficient photocatalyst for environmental remediation, particularly for degrading organic pollutants and pesticides under UV-Vis illumination. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Nanowires

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Microwave dielectric and structural characteristics in Li2O-B2O3-SiO2 glass ceramics

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Ceramics International 2025年

作者： Qiu, Jun-Yan Tu, Chi-Shun Huang, Szu-Ting Li, Yongxiang Chen, Pin-Yi Chen, Cheng-Sao Montecillo, Rhys Feng, Kuei-Chih International Ph.D. Program in Innovative Technology of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Devices Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City Taiwan Department of Physics Fu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City Taiwan School of Engineering RMIT University MelbourneVIC3000 Australia Research Center for Intelligent Medical Devices Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering Hwa Hsia University of Technology New Taipei City Taiwan

Advancements in high-frequency communication devices have emphasized miniaturization and low energy consumption. This work focuses on developing microwave dielectric materials characterized by an ultra-low dielectric constant and low dielectric loss coefficient. In this study, B2O3 and Li2O were added into the SiO2 matrix to form the LBS glass-ceramics. The B2O3-added SiO2 shows a formation of α-cristobalite phase, and the Li2O additive in the B2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics sintered at 900 °C reveal a primary quartz phase with a secondary phase Li2Si2O5, that partially transformed into Li2SiO3 in the specimen sintered at 950 °C. The LBS12 (x = 12 wt%) show stronger Raman peaks of Li2Si2O5 and Li2SiO3, indicating increase of highly-crystallized Si-O network. As the quartz phase diminishes, Li2Si2O5 and Li2SiO3 begin to develop in the glass-ceramic matrix. dense microstructures and well-formed crystalline grains were observed in the LBS glass-ceramics. The quality factors were primarily affected by grain size and density. The Li2Si2O5 additive in the LBS glass-ceramics can reduce dielectric permittivity (Εr) and increase Q × f, particularly at higher frequencies. A low Εr of 4.7–5, a high Q × f of 2600 GHz, and a hardness of 249 MHV were achieved in the LBS12 sintered at 900 °C. These LBS glass-ceramics exhibit potential for use in low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) applications in high-frequency communication devices. © 2025

关键词： Sintering

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Association of long-term ozone exposure with the incidence and progression of hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease: A national retrospective cohort study

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 975卷 179209页

作者： Li, Yu-Ling Chang, Po-Ya Chuang, Ting-Wu Hsieh, Yi-Chen Wang, Bo-Sian Chen, Szu-Ying Chiou, Hung-Yi Institute of Population Health Sciences National Health Research Institutes Miaoli County Zhunan Taiwan Department of Leisure Industry and Health Promotion National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences Taipei Taiwan Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Master Program in Applied Epidemiology College of Public Health Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan

Evidence suggests that ozone is associated with an increased risk of hypertension, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease (CKd). However, the associations of ozone exposure with the dynamic progression of these diseases among Asian population remain unknown. This study included 9,256,945 participants from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research database between 2006 and 2021. Multimorbidity was defined as the coexistence of CKd and either hypertension or diabetes. The ordinary kriging method was used to estimate daily concentrations of ozone, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, suspended fine particles, and suspended particles. Then, five-year average concentrations of pollutants were calculated. We performed multi-state survival models to analyze the association between ozone and dynamic progression of these diseases. during follow-up, 3,555,498 participants experienced hypertension, diabetes, or CKd;656,515 experienced multimorbidity;and 792,555 died. Ozone exposure was significantly associated with incidence of the results in all transitions. The hazard ratios of each IQR (3.57 ppb) increment in ozone for the transition to incident disease were 1.016 [95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.014, 1.017], for the transition to death were 1.04 [95 % CI: 1.036, 1.043], for the transition to multimorbidity were 1.015 [95 % CI: 1.012, 1.017]. Furthermore, with each IQR increase of ozone, the hazard ratios for transition from the disease incidence to death and from multimorbidity to death were 1.03 [95 % CI: 1.026, 1.033] and 1.007 [95 % CI: 1.002, 1.013], respectively. Our results suggest long-term exposure to ozone might be an important determinant for the incidence and dynamic progression of hypertension, diabetes, and CKd in Taiwan. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Health insurance

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Optical sensor for dissolved ammonia by embedding eosin Y in cellulose acetate and silicone rubber via the phase inversion method

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Microchemical Journal 2025年 213卷

作者： Putro, dimas Trio Sari, desy Purnama Chu, Cheng-Shane International Ph.D. Program in Innovative Technology of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Devices Ming Chi University of Technology Taishan Dist. New Taipei City 24301 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering Ming Chi University of Technology Taishan Dist. New Taipei City 24301 Taiwan Research Center for Intelligent Medical Devices Ming Chi University of Technology Taishan Dist. New Taipei City 24301 Taiwan

This study presents the phase inversion method for fabricating a new optical sensing membrane designed for dissolved ammonia detection. Eosin Y was embedded into composite materials of cellulose acetate (CA) and silicone rubber to enhance optical performance and modify the membrane structure. Sensing performance was evaluated using luminescence quenching, which involved measuring changes in both intensity and wavelength. The fabricated membrane exhibited a microporous structure with pore diameters ranging from 1 to 10 µm, a quenching response (I₀/I₄₀₀) of 15.15, a response time (↓t₉₀) of 53 s, and effective detection at a concentration of 400 mM, a room temperature (20–25 °C), and ph 6.02, with sensing response slightly decreasing at elevated temperatures (up to 50 °C) and at ph 3.17 and 9.29. The nonlinear quenching response plot was converted into a linear form using the decibel (dB) formula, significantly improving linearity (R² = 0.9862). The membrane also exhibited excellent selectivity and the ability to detect in both gas and dissolved phases. Additionally, the sensing mechanism was investigated, revealing a combination of static and dynamic quenching, which led to an intensity decrease and a bathochromic shift of 16.56 nm. These findings highlight the potential of the developed optical sensor for rapid and highly selective ammonia monitoring in various environments. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Bathochromic shift dissolved ammonia detection Eosin Y Optical sensing membrane phase inversion method

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Achieving high surface bioactivity and adhesion in Ti-6Al-4V alloy via anodic oxidation and electrophoretic deposition

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Ceramics International 2025年

作者： Wu, Yu-Jie Wang, Chi-Yun Mana-ay, Haidee Tu, Chi-Shun Lai, Po-Liang Chen, Pin-Yi International Ph.D. Program in Innovative Technology of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Devices Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City24301 Taiwan Research Center for Intelligent Medical Devices Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City24301 Taiwan Department of Physics Fu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City24205 Taiwan Bone and Joint Research Center Department of Orthopedic Surgery Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan City33305 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering Chang Gung University Taoyuan City33302 Taiwan Department of Physics Silliman University Dumaguete City6200 Philippines

This study combines 3d printing, anodic oxidation (AO), and electrophoretic deposition (Ed) technologies to develop Ti-6Al-4V alloy (abbreviated as Ti64) with high hydrophilicity, adhesion, and bioactivity. Titanium oxide nanotubes formed by AO treatment on the Ti64 surface exhibited reduced contact angles from 53 ° to 10 °. The adhesion of the calcium (Ca) layer through the integrated technology of the AO and Ed treatments (herein abbreviated as AEd) displays an optimal adhesive force of over 30 N on the Ti64 surface, which is attributed to the stable chemical bond due to the formation of OH− ions on the substrate after the AO treatment and the subsequent oxidation reaction of the Ca2+ ions to form a predominantly Ca(OH)2 layer after the Ed treatment. Moreover, the AEd treatment forms tiny needle-like structures that can effectively promote osteogenic differentiation. The expressions of the osteocyte marker genes (i.e., OCN, OPN, and dMP1) were improved after the AEd treatment, showing increased osteogenic differentiation into mature bone tissue. This work presents the AEd treatment as a valuable surface modification technique to boost the surface bioactivity of Ti64 for clinical orthopedic applications. © 2025

关键词： Anodic oxidation

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3d-Printable photothermal and Temperature-Controlled Polycaprolactone Scaffolds Incorporating Gold Plasmonic Blackbodies for Bone Tissue Engineering

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ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 2025年第20期17卷 29455-29468页

作者： Chen, Chieh-Ying Hope Gadia Moreno, Ruaina Lily Wang, Po-Yao Nguyen, Thanh Sang Wu, Jia-Lin Chen, Kuan-Hao Chen, Chih-Hwa Lin, Chia-Ying Wong, Pei-Chun Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan School of Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Department of Orthopedics Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei11031 Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Department of Trauma Hue Central Hospital Hue530000 Viet Nam Department of Orthopedics School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Orthopedics Research Center Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei11031 Taiwan Centers for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei11096 Taiwan Department of Orthopedics Shuang Ho Hospital Taipei Medical University New Taipei23561 Taiwan Convergent Bioscience and Technology Institute Department of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics Indiana University IndianapolisIN46202 United States

Three-dimensional (3d) printing technology has revolutionized the design and fabrication of bone scaffolds, offering precise and customizable solutions for bone tissue engineering. In this study, we developed polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds that incorporated gold plasmonic blackbodies (AuPBs) to harness photothermal properties for temperature-controlled bone regeneration. The AuPB-PCL scaffolds demonstrated enhanced mechanical strength, a tunable thermal response under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, and improved osteogenic potential. photothermal stimulation effectively modulated cellular responses, promoting osteoblast proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralization. Notably, mild hyperthermia (39-41 °C) induced by laser irradiation optimized osteogenesis, while excessive temperatures (≥42.5 °C) impaired cellular function due to mitochondrial stress and oxidative damage. These findings highlight the potential of AuPB-PCL scaffolds for controlled photothermal bone regeneration, offering a promising strategy for precise, completely noninvasive stimulation of bone repair. © 2025 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.

关键词： Fiber bonding

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