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Modelling and analysis of randomly distributed optimised structure of mixed CNT bundle interconnects-impact on crosstalk induced delay

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第1期84卷 343-372页

作者： Mitra, Gaurav Kamboj, Sangeeta Rai, Mayank Kumar EIED Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Thapar University Punjab Patiala147004 India ECED Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Thapar University Punjab Patiala147004 India

Modern VLSI devices are manufactured using deep submicron technology. On-chip interconnects represent a major performance bottleneck for high-speed VLSI architectures. Nowadays, carbon nanotube (CNT) bundles have been projected as a possible nano interconnect material for increasing the operational speed and adaptable functionality of a system-on-chip. In this paper, a number of CNT bundles and their spatial orientations are considered, including single wall CNT (SWCNT), multi-wall CNT (MWCNT), and mixed CNT bundles (MCB). A good way to reduce the delay can be created by randomly distributing SWCNTs and MWCNTs of different diameters in an MCB. This can be a possible solution for a high speed VLSI connection. Although bundled SWCNTs and MWCNTs are easy, it is almost difficult to create an MCB with accurate SWCNT and MWCNT configurations. The main goal of this work is the optimized use of randomly distributed carbon nanotubes (RMCNTs) as nanocompounds. Furthermore, a new ATSO (Adaptive Transient Search Optimization) algorithm with Huang’s corner placement algorithm is studied to solve problems related to the placement of randomly distributed CNTs with different diameters in an MCB. This algorithm maximizes the tube density by distributing the CNTs randomly. Also, the temperature-dependent circuits are modelled for analyzing the crosstalk performance in the capacitively and inductively coupled MCB and RMCNT bundle (RMCNTB) interconnects at the far end of the victim line. The proposed optimized RMCNTB interconnect outperforms existing MCB interconnects in terms of propagation delay and power dissipation within a temperature range of 300 to 500 K. Furthermore, with an interconnect length of 1.5 mm, the proposed optimized RMCNTB structure exhibits a relative delay of 3.22% and a power dissipation of 10.51% less than the best MCB structure. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： System-on-chip

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Effect of cooling media on bead geometry,microstructure,and mechanical properties of wire arc additive manufactured IN718 alloy

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Advances in Manufacturing 2024年第1期12卷 124-149页

作者： Parveen Kumar Satish Kumar Sharma Ratnesh Kumar Raj Singh Department of Mechanical Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and TechnologyPatialaPunjab147004India

This work aims to present and explore thermal management techniques for the wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)of IN718 *** heat can be mitigated via air or water *** this study,the material was deposited under four different heat-input conditions with air or water *** air cooling,the layer is deposited in a normal atmospheric air environment,whereas with water cooling,the material is deposited inside a water tank by varying the water *** validate the air and water cooling thermal management techniques,IN718 single-pass and multilayer linear walls were deposited using the bidirectional gas metal arc welding based WAAM setup under four different heat input *** the deposition of single layers,the temperature profiles were recorded,and the geometric and microstructural features were *** multilayer wall structures,the mechanical properties(hardness,tensile strength,and elongation)were determined and assessed using the corresponding microstructural features explored through scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)*** microstructure observed through SEM analysis in the building direction was found to be nonhomogenous compared with that in the deposition ***,water cooling was found to govern bead characteristics,such as wall width and *** grain size and anisotropy of the mechanical properties also decreased in the water-cooled ***,water cooling is an economical and efficient method to mitigate excessive heat accumulation in WAAM-deposited IN718.

关键词： Air cooling Water cooling IN718 Bead characteristics Microstructure Electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)

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Robust and high capacity image steganography technique using spiral-walk inter-block DCT coefficient differencing

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第39期83卷 86405-86424页

作者： Kapoor, Samridhi Shivani, Shivendra Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala India

Steganography conceals secret information within the cover image so that its presence cannot be detected. Embedding capacity, imperceptibility, and security are three important aspects of a steganographic technique. The paper proposes a new algorithm for concealing binary data in grayscale images by dividing the host image into 8×8 DCT block, and in each block, four embedding locations are selected to embed 4 bits of secret message, increasing the cover image’s embedding capacity. The algorithm computes the difference between the DCT coefficients at the same position of two adjacent blocks to embed the secret bits into the cover image. Furthermore, various steganalysis techniques such as median filtering, gaussian noise, salt& pepper, chi-square, and histogram analysis were performed to check the robustness of the proposed method. The result of the proposed algorithm constructs a stego image with a PSNR of 51.3678 dB, which is higher than that of the existing steganography techniques. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Steganography

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EFI-SATL:An Efficient Net and Self-Attention Based Biometric Recognition for Finger-Vein Using Deep Transfer Learning

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Computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2025年第3期142卷 3003-3029页

作者： Manjit Singh Sunil Kumar Singla Department of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and TechnologyPatiala147004India

Deep Learning-based systems for Finger vein recognition have gained rising attention in recent years due to improved efficiency and enhanced *** performance of existing CNN-based methods is limited by the puny generalization of learned features and deficiency of the finger vein image training *** the concerns of existing methods,in this work,a simplified deep transfer learning-based framework for finger-vein recognition is developed using an EfficientNet model of deep learning with a self-attention *** augmentation using various geometrical methods is employed to address the problem of training data shortage required for a deep learning *** proposed model is tested using K-fold cross-validation on three publicly available datasets:HKPU,FVUSM,and ***,the developed network is compared with other modern deep nets to check its *** addition,a comparison of the proposed method with other existing Finger vein recognition(FVR)methods is also *** experimental results exhibited superior recognition accuracy of the proposed method compared to other existing *** addition,the developed method proves to be more effective and less sophisticated at extracting robust *** proposed EffAttenNet achieves an accuracy of 98.14%on HKPU,99.03%on FVUSM,and 99.50%on SDUMLA databases.

关键词： Biometrics finger-vein recognition(FVR) deep net self-attention Efficient Nets transfer learning

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DeepBio:A Deep CNN and Bi-LSTM Learning for Person Identification Using Ear Biometrics

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Computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2024年第11期141卷 1623-1649页

作者： Anshul Mahajan Sunil K.Singla Department of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and TechnologyPatiala147004India

The identification of individuals through ear images is a prominent area of study in the biometric *** recognition systems have faced challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic due to mask-wearing,prompting the exploration of supplementary biometric measures such as ear *** research proposes a Deep Learning(DL)framework,termed DeepBio,using ear biometrics for human *** employs two DL models and five datasets,including IIT Delhi(IITD-I and IITD-II),annotated web images(AWI),mathematical analysis of images(AMI),and *** augmentation techniques such as flipping,translation,and Gaussian noise are applied to enhance model performance and mitigate *** extraction and human identification are conducted using a hybrid approach combining Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(Bi-LSTM).The DeepBio framework achieves high recognition rates of 97.97%,99.37%,98.57%,94.5%,and 96.87%on the respective *** analysis with existing techniques demonstrates improvements of 0.41%,0.47%,12%,and 9.75%on IITD-II,AMI,AWE,and EARVN1 datasets,respectively.

关键词： Data augmentation convolutional neural network bidirectional long short-term memory deep learning ear biometrics

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Improved hybrid text summarization system using deep contextualized embeddings and statistical features

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第14期84卷 13929-13958页

作者： Gambhir, Mahak Gupta, Vishal Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Patiala India University Institute of Engineering and Technology Panjab University Chandigarh India

In this digital world where an enormous volume of textual material is growing on the internet every single day, there is a great need for systems that can produce human-like summaries automatically. In the past, a number of extractive text summarization methods have been proposed that either used statistical or semantic techniques. Therefore, we have developed a novel hybrid model of text summarization, AttSum-Hybrid that takes into consideration language context and relationship between the text as well as captures structural information of the sentences while creating an extractive summary of the document. This hybrid summarization framework combines a deep learning-based contextual model with the statistical feature-based model. BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) is used as a feature extractor in the contextualized representation model. For learning semantic and syntactic relationships from the textual sequence, this model also uses a Convolutional Bi-LSTM network (Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory). On the other hand, we have developed a statistical feature representation framework that incorporates a few better-performing sentence scoring features. With the Daily Mail corpus, ROUGE recall scores for R-1, R-2, R-L measures are generated as 38.67, 15.37, 34.12, respectively whereas, with DUC 2002 dataset, ROUGE scores are computed as 59.74, 28.80, 57.87, respectively. Full-length ROUGE F1 scores of 43.15, 20.08, and 39.55 have been obtained by carrying out experiments with the combined CNN/Daily Mail dataset. Overall, our proposed hybrid model of summarization has achieved improved results as compared to the state-of-the-art baseline techniques. These results have been further validated by two summary validation tasks (Question answering task and Number of common sentences in the extract) performed by three human experts. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Long short-term memory

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Application of fly ash-TiO2 composites for enhanced adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of fuchsin dye

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Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2024年第58期31卷 66248-66261页

作者： Sharma, Ridhima Pal, Bonamali Barman, Sanghamitra Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Patiala147004 India Department of Chemical Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Patiala147004 India

It is important to accomplish both photocatalytic efficiency and adsorption capacity in the catalyst to produce a highly effective photocatalyst for complete dye removal from wastewater. In the current investigation, TiO2 and fly ash-TiO2 composites (0.5–5 wt%) were fabricated by sol–gel and wet-impregnation process, and their catalytic performance was evaluated for the effective adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of fuchsin blue dye. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, UV-DRS, SEM, EDS, RAMAN spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption analysis Adsorption and degradation studies were conducted to investigate factors such as pH (2 − 10), adsorbent dose (1–9 mg), contact time (30–180 min), and initial adsorbate concentration (5–30 mg/L) to eradicate fuchsin dye from water. The 5 wt% fly ash-TiO2 catalyst showed a maximum capacity for adsorption of 20.32 mg/g and 76% removal of fuchsin dye. The Langmuir isotherm model fitted well to the experimental data, whereas the adsorption process obeyed pseudo-first-order kinetics. When exposed to UV light, a 5 wt% fly ash-TiO2 composite demonstrated maximum photocatalytic degradation of 88% after 180 min, followed by a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The catalyst was easily reusable for five cycles without losing dye removal effectiveness. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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Investigation of decay mechanisms and associated aspects of exotic nobelium isotopes using the Skyrme energy density formalism

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Chinese Physics C 2025年第3期49卷 132-142页

作者： Shubhpreet Kaur Raj Kumar Manoj K.Sharma Department of Physics and Materials Science Thapar Institute of Engineering and TechnologyPatiala 147004India

The search for heavy elements has yielded many surprises and enhanced our knowledge of nuclear synthesis and associated dynamical *** new elements and their associated isotopes have been synthesized,information concerning elements with Z≥102,remains ***,concerning the transfermium elements,the nuclear shell structure is key to ensuring nuclear ***,the shell effects have key implications on such *** experimental and theoretical investigations have been conducted to examine the reactions induced by heavy ions and the subsequent decay mechanisms in the superheavy mass *** addition,the region of transfermium elements is of great interest because of the neutron/proton shell ***,our objective is to analyze the decay mechanisms of nuclides having Z=102 nuclei,i.e.,^(248)No*and^(250)No*.An extensive study was conducted using the dynamical cluster-decay model(DCM)based on Quantum Mechanical Fragmentation Theory(QMFT).The focus was to investigate compound nucleus(CN)and non-compound nucleus(nCN)mechanisms,including fusion-fission(ff),quasi-fission(QF),and fast fission(FF).The specific isotopes of interest are^(248)No*and^(250)No*,with attention given to the role of the center-of-mass energy(E_(c.m))and angular momentum(l).The nuclear interaction potential was derived using the Skyrme energy density formalism(SEDF)with the GSkI force *** capture cross-sections were calculated using the-summed Wong *** determination of the probability of compound nucleus formation(PCN)involved a function that is dependent upon the center-of-mass *** lifetimes of the ff and QF channels were also ***,CN and nCN decay mechanisms for two isotopes of Z=102 nobelium were analyzed over the range of center-of-mass values(E_(c.m))considering the quadrupole deformationβ_(2)and optimum orientations(θ_(opt))of the decaying *** fragmentation potential,preformation probability,neck length parameter,and

关键词： super heavy nuclei Z=102 cross-sections lifetimes

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Enhancing unsupervised keyphrase extraction through the integration of structural details in embedding-based approaches

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第16期84卷 16357-16374页

作者： Goyal, Ketan Sharma, Saurabh Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology Punjab Patiala India

Computational Linguistics or Natural Language Processing (NLP) emerged to enable systems to automatically identify and extract keyphrases from human language texts, to mitigate the exploitation of digital sources. To meet the increasing demand for keyphrase extraction tools, researchers are actively developing new tools that claim to be capable of processing any type of document in any field. In this article, an unsupervised word embedding-based approach for keyphrase extraction is proposed. The proposed method involved enhancing the state-of-the art word embeddings by the use of n-grams. Additionally, the method introduced a unique way to create word vectors by considering significant word vectors and their idf-scores. Our model is able to achieve an F-Score of 0.495 using the combination of Glove, Uni, and Bigrams. The combination of Skip-Gram with Uni and Bigrams also obtained better results for the DUC, SemEval, KDD and Inspec datasets in comparison to state-of-the-art. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Embeddings

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Public-Private Partnership Models and Firm Performance: An Empirical Analysis of Road Infrastructure Projects in India

Public-Private Partnership Models and Firm Performance: An E...

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作者： Koul, Puneet Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology

学位级别：博士

In an evolving mode of infrastructure development that India as the world's fastest growing economy has been witnessing in the past decade. Public-Private Partnership (PPP) does create an enormous scope, both in terms of research and development of delivery mechanisms and performance models. This proposed research focuses on the same to understand the road infrastructure development. Specifically, the present study reviews PPP model projects in road development, and evaluate its performance based on select financial parameters. Besides the study also conducts an analysis of concession periods of firms that have been executing these projects. The study also examines the role of the public agency and the concessionaire in the success of the PPP projects. This research looks into the initiatives taken by government and the policy regime at large, specifically in the context of attracting PPP development; some of them include financing, and standardization of the model concession agreements. Notably, regardless of whether it is the central or state government on its own, it is not expected to meet all road development requirements with limited resources available with it. Thus, holistically, the measures taken by both the governments and its agencies in terms of introducing new models for development of the road sector were analyzed. Besides, the research also looks into various enablers provided by the awarding agencies, and further policy interventions that are required for developing road infrastructure through the PPP model. Importantly, it may be noted herein that financial performance of road projects under the PPP model has not been studied in India over a period across BOT Toll and BOT Annuity models. Therefore, this study also attempts to analyze firm performance of Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV)s that are responsible for executing the road projects. Additionally, it may be noted that the PPP model within the road construction sector in India does not seem to be

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