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arXiv 2022年

作者： Yang, Dongchao Yu, Jianwei Wang, Helin Wang, Wen Weng, Chao Zou, Yuexian Yu, Dong The Advanced Data and Signal Processing laboratory School of Electronic and Computer Engineering Peking University China Tencent AI Lab United States

Generating sound effects that people want is an important topic. However, there are limited studies in this area for sound generation. In this study, we investigate generating sound conditioned on a text prompt and propose a novel text-to-sound generation framework that consists of a text encoder, a Vector Quantized Variational Autoencoder (VQ-VAE), a token-decoder, and a vocoder. The framework first uses the token-decoder to transfer the text features extracted from the text encoder to a mel-spectrogram with the help of VQ-VAE, and then the vocoder is used to transform the generated mel-spectrogram into a waveform. We found that the token-decoder significantly influences the generation performance. Thus, we focus on designing a good token-decoder in this study. We begin with the traditional autoregressive (AR) token-decoder, which has shown state-of-the-art performance in previous sound generation works. However, the AR token-decoder always predicts the mel-spectrogram tokens one by one in order, which may introduce the unidirectional bias and accumulation of errors problems. Moreover, with the AR token-decoder, the sound generation time increases linearly with the sound duration. To overcome the shortcomings introduced by AR token-decoders, we propose a non-autoregressive token-decoder based on the discrete diffusion model, named Diffsound. Specifically, the Diffsound model predicts all of the mel-spectrogram tokens in one step and then refines the predicted tokens in the next step, so the best-predicted results can be obtained by iteration. Our experiments show that our proposed Diffsound model not only produces better text-to-sound generation results when compared with the AR token-decoder but also has a faster generation speed, i.e., MOS: 3.56 v.s 2.786, and the generation speed is five times faster than the AR decoder. Furthermore, to automatically assess the quality of generated samples, we define three different objective evaluation metrics i.e., Fréchet Inc

关键词： signal encoding

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Automatic Detection and Characterization of Human Veins Using Infra-Red Image processing

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第9期12卷 141-159页

作者： Jean Ndoumbe Brice Ekobo Akoa Gaelle Patricia Talotsing Frederic Franck Kounga Samuel Kaissassou Bertin Chouanmo Njo Laboratory of Computer Engineering Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Department of Computer & Telecommunications Engineering National Higher Polytechnic School Douala Cameroon Laboratory of Electrical Engineering Mechatronics and Signal Processing Department of Electrical & Telecommunications Engineering National Advanced School of Engineering Yaound Cameroon Mobile Computing and Networking Research Laboratory Department of Computer and Software Engineering Polytechnique Montreal Montreal Canada DigiPlus SARL Bonamoussadi Douala Cameroon

The detection and characterization of human veins using infrared (IR) image processing have gained significant attention due to its potential applications in biometric identification, medical diagnostics, and vein-based authentication systems. This paper presents a low-cost approach for automatic detection and characterization of human veins from IR images. The proposed method uses image processing techniques including segmentation, feature extraction, and, pattern recognition algorithms. Initially, the IR images are preprocessed to enhance vein structures and reduce noise. Subsequently, a CLAHE algorithm is employed to extract vein regions based on their unique IR absorption properties. Features such as vein thickness, orientation, and branching patterns are extracted using mathematical morphology and directional filters. Finally, a classification framework is implemented to categorize veins and distinguish them from surrounding tissues or artifacts. A setup based on Raspberry Pi was used. Experimental results of IR images demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach in accurately detecting and characterizing human. The developed system shows promising for integration into applications requiring reliable and secure identification based on vein patterns. Our work provides an effective and low-cost solution for nursing staff in low and middle-income countries to perform a safe and accurate venipuncture.

关键词： Vein Detection Blood Radiation Infrared Image CLAHE Algorithm Raspberry Pi

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Analyzing Cognitive Patterns in Gifted Children Using MRI and Morphometric Similarity Networks

Analyzing Cognitive Patterns in Gifted Children Using MRI an...

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18th International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies, BIOSTEC 2025

作者： Han, Shuning Duan, Feng Vilaseca, Gemma Vilaró, Núria Caiafa, Cesar F. Sun, Zhe Solé-Casals, Jordi Data and Signal Processing Research Group University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia Vic Catalonia Spain Image Processing Research Group RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics RIKEN Saitama Wako-Shi Japan Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Intelligent Rehabilitation Nankai University Tianjin China Psychological Department Oms and Prat school Fundació Catalunya- La Pedrera Catalonia Manresa Spain Oms Foundation Catalonia Manresa Spain Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomıa-CCT La Plata CONICET / CIC-PBA / UNLP Argentina Faculty of Health Data Science Juntendo University Chiba Urayasu Japan Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom

Advances in non-invasive neuroimaging, such as structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), have en abled the construction of structural brain networks (SBNs), allowing in vivo mapping of anatomical connec tions. This study investigates brain network structural differences linked to different intelligence levels in children by individual morphometric similarity networks (MSNs) derived from sMRI data. Through group and individual-level analyses, we aim to uncover key topological features associated with cognitive perfor mance and to identify a suitable connection density for SBN analysis. Connection density strongly affects global and nodal topological features, with a range of p = 0.05 to 0.15 recommended for stable and optimal results. Gifted individuals exhibit stronger intra-hemispheric and intra-modular connectivity, a more balanced distribution of left-to-right intra-hemispheric connections, and lower mean versatility, supporting efficient and stable cognitive processing. Moreover, anatomical modularity analyses based on von Economo indicate that higher cognitive performance is linked to enhanced connectivity in specific areas (such as secondary sensory area, motor to association area and secondary sensory to limbic area), alongside selective reduction in cer tain modular connections (such as motor to insular area, association to secondary sensory area and motor to secondary sensory area). Furthermore, topological features, including participation coefficient and local effi ciency, are linked to cognitive performance. These findings provide valuable insights into the SBNs underlying cognitive levels in children. © 2025 by SCITEPRESS– Science and Technology Publications, Lda.

关键词： Brain mapping

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AMAS: A DNN-Based Automatic Manhours Approval System

AMAS: A DNN-Based Automatic Manhours Approval System

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Mechanical, Automation and Electrical Engineering (CMAEE), International Conference on

作者： Yunfei Jia Hao Lu Debin Hu Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Signal Processing Civil Aviation University of China Tianjin China Suzhou Weizhong Data Technology Co. Ltd Suzhou China

Manhours estimation and automatic approval plays an important role in project scheduling and reducing the development cost for factory. Traditional approaches usually have some limitations, such as technical text formatting limitations and industry-specific limitations. This paper presents a software system that estimates the manhours and approves the technology texts that have been submitted. Firstly, we collect a technology texts dataset and complement the dictionaries. Secondly, the word2vec is used to extract the features implicated in the technology text, and a DNN (deep neural network) model is proposed to estimate the manhours. Finally, an Odoo-based software system is developed, which provides the estimation manhours and approves automatically of the submitted technology texts. The advantages of approach in which is proposed in this paper is that, it has less limitations on the format of submitted technology texts. And, it can be used for various production technology.

关键词： Training Industries Electrical engineering Job shop scheduling Software algorithms Neural networks Estimation

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Evaluation of Automobile Design Scheme Based on Improved Grey Situation Decision Method

Evaluation of Automobile Design Scheme Based on Improved Gre...

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Mechanical, Automation and Electrical Engineering (CMAEE), International Conference on

作者： Yunfei Jia Qingsong Tian Debin Hu Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Signal Processing Civil Aviation University of China Tianjin China Suzhou Weizhong Data Technology Co. Ltd Suzhou China

Evaluation of design scheme for new types of cars refers to multiple attribute comprehensive evaluation. In this paper, an improved grey-situation decision-making method is proposed. The advantage of our method lies in both the preference of decision maker and the objectiveness implicated in the data are incorporated. Firstly, AHP is exploited to build hierarchy and assign subjective weights to each attribute. This can incorporate the decision maker's successful experiences into comprehensive evaluation in a fine-grained way. Secondly, the Grading system is used to enhance the contribution of significant attributes with almost equal value. On the contrary, traditional gray-situation method usually overlooks the contribution of almost equal attributes, even if these attributes are greatly weighted at previous step. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is validated through a real-world automotive design scheme. Our method can be easily generalized and applied to wider domains.

关键词： Electrical engineering Automation Design methodology Analytic hierarchy process Automobiles Automotive engineering

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Improving Mandarin End-to-End Speech Recognition with Word N-gram Language Model

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Tian, Jinchuan Yu, Jianwei Weng, Chao Zou, Yuexian Yu, Dong The Advanced Data and Signal Processing Laboratory School of Electric and Computer Science Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China Tencent AI Lab Tencent ASR Oteam

Despite the rapid progress of end-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR), it has been shown that incorporating external language models (LMs) into the decoding can further improve the recognition performance of E2E ASR systems. To align with the modeling units adopted in E2E ASR systems, subword-level (e.g., characters, BPE) LMs are usually used to cooperate with current E2E ASR systems. However, the use of subword-level LMs will ignore the word-level information, which may limit the strength of the external LMs in E2E ASR. Although several methods have been proposed to incorporate word-level external LMs in E2E ASR, these methods are mainly designed for languages with clear word boundaries such as English and cannot be directly applied to languages like Mandarin, in which each character sequence can have multiple corresponding word sequences. To this end, we propose a novel decoding algorithm where a word-level lattice is constructed on-the-fly to consider all possible word sequences for each partial hypothesis. Then, the LM score of the hypothesis is obtained by intersecting the generated lattice with an external word N-gram LM. The proposed method is examined on both Attention-based Encoder-Decoder (AED) and Neural Transducer (NT) frameworks. Experiments suggest that our method consistently outperforms subword-level LMs, including N-gram LM and neural network LM. We achieve state-of-the-art results on both Aishell-1 (CER 4.18%) and Aishell-2 (CER 5.06%) datasets and reduce CER by 14.8% relatively on a 21K-hour Mandarin dataset. © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Speech recognition

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C2P-CLIP: Injecting Category Common Prompt in CLIP to Enhance Generalization in Deepfake Detection

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Tan, Chuangchuang Tao, Renshuai Liu, Huan Gu, Guanghua Wu, Baoyuan Zhao, Yao Wei, Yunchao Institute of Information Science Beijing Jiaotong University China Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Information Science and Network Technology China School of Information Science and Engineering Yanshan University China Hebei Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing China School of Data Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen [CUHK-Shenzhen China

This work focuses on AIGC detection to develop universal detectors capable of identifying various types of forgery images. Recent studies have found large pre-trained models, such as CLIP, are effective for generalizable deepfake detection along with linear classifiers. However, two critical issues remain unresolved: 1) understanding why CLIP features are effective on deepfake detection through a linear classifier;and 2) exploring the detection potential of CLIP. In this study, we delve into the underlying mechanisms of CLIP’s detection capabilities by decoding its detection features into text and performing word frequency analysis. Our finding indicates that CLIP detects deepfakes by recognizing similar concepts (Fig. 1 a). Building on this insight, we introduce Category Common Prompt CLIP, called C2P-CLIP, which integrates the category common prompt into the text encoder to inject category-related concepts into the image encoder, thereby enhancing detection performance (Fig. 1 b). Our method achieves a 12.41% improvement in detection accuracy compared to the original CLIP, without introducing additional parameters during testing. Comprehensive experiments conducted on two widely-used datasets, encompassing 20 generation models, validate the efficacy of the proposed method, demonstrating state-of-the-art performance. The code is available at https://***/chuangchuangtan/ C2P-CLIP-DeepfakeDetection. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image coding

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Integrating Lattice-Free MMI into End-to-End Speech Recognition

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

In automatic speech recognition (ASR) research, discriminative criteria have achieved superior performance in DNN-HMM systems. Given this success, the adoption of discriminative criteria is promising to boost the performance of end-to-end (E2E) ASR systems. With this motivation, previous works have introduced the minimum Bayesian risk (MBR, one of the discriminative criteria) into E2E ASR systems. However, the effectiveness and efficiency of the MBR-based methods are compromised: the MBR criterion is only used in system training, which creates a mismatch between training and decoding;the on-the-fly decoding process in MBR-based methods results in the need for pre-trained models and slow training speeds. To this end, novel algorithms are proposed in this work to integrate another widely used discriminative criterion, lattice-free maximum mutual information (LF-MMI), into E2E ASR systems not only in the training stage but also in the decoding process. The proposed LF-MMI training and decoding methods show their effectiveness on two widely used E2E frameworks: Attention-Based Encoder-Decoders (AEDs) and Neural Transducers (NTs). Compared with MBR-based methods, the proposed LF-MMI method: maintains the consistency between training and decoding;eschews the on-the-fly decoding process;trains from randomly initialized models with superior training efficiency. Experiments suggest that the LF-MMI method outperforms its MBR counterparts and consistently leads to statistically significant performance improvements on various frameworks and datasets from 30 hours to 14.3k hours. The proposed method achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA) results on Aishell-1 (CER 4.10%) and Aishell-2 (CER 5.02%) datasets. Code is released. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Decoding

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An Insight Into Neurodegeneration: Harnessing Functional MRI Connectivity in the Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment

An Insight Into Neurodegeneration: Harnessing Functional MRI...

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17th International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies, BIOSTEC 2024

作者： Han, Shuning Sun, Zhe Zhao, Kanhao Duan, Feng Caiafa, Cesar F. Zhang, Yu Solé-Casals, Jordi Data and Signal Processing Research Group University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia Catalonia Vic08500 Spain Image Processing Research Group RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics Riken Saitama Wako-Shi Japan Faculty of Health Data Science Juntendo University Chiba Urayasu Japan Department of Bioengineering Lehigh University BethlehemPA18015 United States Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Intelligent Rehabilitation Nankai University Tianjin China Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía-CCT La Plata CONICET/ CIC-PBA/ UNLP V. Elisa 1894 Argentina Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lehigh University BethlehemPA18015 United States Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge CambridgeCB20SZ United Kingdom

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive form of memory loss that worsens over time. Detecting it early, when memory issues are mild, is crucial for effective interventions. Recent advancements in computer technology, specifically Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs), have proven to be powerful tools for analyzing Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data comprehensively. In this study, we developed a GCN framework for diagnosing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by examining the functional connectivity (FC) derived from resting-state functional MRI (rfMRI) data. Our research systematically explored various types and processing methods of FC, evaluating their performance on the OASIS-3 dataset. The experimental results revealed several key findings. On the one hand, the proposed GCN exhibited significantly superior performance over both the baseline GCN and the Support Vector Machine (SVM) models, with statistically significant differences. It attained the highest average accuracy of 80.3% and a peak accuracy of 88.2%. On the other hand, the GCN frame work obtained using individual FCs showed overall slightly better performance than the one using global FCs. However, it is important to note that GCNs using global networks with appropriate connectivity can achieve comparable or even better performance than individual networks in certain cases. Finally, our results also indicate that the connectivity within specific brain regions, such as VIS, DMN, SMN, VAN, and FPC, may play a more significant role in GCN-based MRI classification for MCI diagnosis. These findings significantly contribute to the understanding of neurodegenerative disorders and offer valuable insights into the diverse ap plications of GCNs in brain analysis and disease detection. © 2024 by SCITEPRESS– Science and Technology Publications, Lda.

关键词： Neurodegenerative diseases

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Holographic capture and projection system of real object based on tunable zoom lens

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PhotoniX 2020年第1期1卷 271-285页

作者： Di Wang Chao Liu Chuan Shen Yan Xing Qiong-Hua Wang School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing&Signal Processing Ministry of EducationAnhui UniversityHefei 230039China.

In this paper, we propose a holographic capture and projection system of real objectsbased on tunable zoom lenses. Different from the traditional holographic system, aliquid lens-based zoom camera and a digital conical lens are used as key parts to reachthe functions of holographic capture and projection, respectively. The zoom camera isproduced by combing liquid lenses and solid lenses, which has the advantages of fastresponse and light weight. By electrically controlling the curvature of the liquid-liquidsurface, the focal length of the zoom camera can be changed easily. As anothertunable zoom lens, the digital conical lens has a large focal depth and the opticalproperty is perfectly used in the holographic system for adaptive projection, especiallyfor multilayer imaging. By loading the phase of the conical lens on the spatial lightmodulator, the reconstructed image can be projected with large depths. With theproposed system, holographic zoom capture and color reproduction of real objects canbe achieved based on a simple structure. Experimental results verify the feasibility ofthe proposed system. The proposed system is expected to be applied to microprojectionand three-dimensional display technology.

关键词： Spatial light modulator Holographic system Zoom lenses Display technology

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