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Pinching Antennas: Principles, Applications and Challenges

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Yang, Zheng Wang, Ning Sun, Yanshi Ding, Zhiguo Schober, Robert Karagiannidis, George K. Wong, Vincent W.S. Dobre, Octavia A. Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Photoelectric Sensing Application Fujian Normal University Fuzhou350117 China School of Information and Control Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou221116 China School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei230009 China Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates University of Manchester ManchesterM1 9BB United Kingdom Germany Group Electrical & Computer Engineering Dept. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki54 124 Greece Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Memorial University St. John’sNL Canada

Flexible-antenna systems, such as fluid antennas and movable antennas, have been recognized as key enabling technologies for sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks, as they can intelligently reconfigure the effective channel gains of the users and hence significantly improve their data transmission capabilities. However, existing flexible-antenna systems have been designed to combat small-scale fading in non-line-of-sight (NLoS) conditions. As a result, they lack the ability to establish line-of-sight links, which are typically 100 times stronger than NLoS links. In addition, existing flexible-antenna systems have limited flexibility, where adding/removing an antenna is not straightforward. This article introduces an innovative flexible-antenna system called pinching antennas, which are realized by applying small dielectric particles to waveguides. We first describe the basics of pinching-antenna systems and their ability to provide strong LoS links by deploying pinching antennas close to the users as well as their capability to scale up/down the antenna system. We then focus on communication scenarios with different numbers of waveguides and pinching antennas, where innovative approaches to implement multiple-input multiple-output and non-orthogonal multiple access are discussed. In addition, promising 6G-related applications of pinching antennas, including integrated sensing and communication and next-generation multiple access, are presented. Finally, important directions for future research, such as waveguide deployment and channel estimation, are highlighted. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Channel estimation

“Should I Lead?” Feasibility Study of User Perception on Following-Robot for Gait Assessment

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“Should I Lead?” Feasibility Study of User Perception on F...

International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR)

作者： Alessandra Sorrentino Bruno Ferreira Paulo Menezes Jorge Batista Jorge Dias Laura Fiorini Pietro Benvenuti Filippo Cavallo Department of Industrial Engineering University of Florence Florence Italy Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Coimbra Institute of Systems and Robotics Coimbra Portugal Khalifa University of Science and Technology Khalifa University Center for Autonomous Robotic Systems Abu Dhabi UAE BioRobotics Institute Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna Pisa Italy

Current techniques of gait assessment rely on wearable sensors, pressure-sensitive walkway systems, and optical motion capture systems. A less invasive and more portable solution could be represented by a mobile robot that follows the user during the gait activity. The main idea behind this work relies on finding the best robot configuration for less invasive gait analysis with high acceptability from the end users. To this aim, two follow-me configurations have been designed: human-leader (i.e. the robot follows the person from behind), and robot-leader (i.e. robot follows the person from the front). We asked 27 young participants to test both modalities and to evaluate their perception of the robot in 5 domains: comfort, expected conformity, safety, trust, and unobtrusiveness. Additionally, we extracted quantitative parameters related to the walking experience from the data recorded by the platform and we analyzed them in tandem with the qualitative results. The results reported that robot-leader configuration tended to be more appreciated in terms of comfort, trust, and safety. On the contrary, the human-leader configuration is perceived as less obtrusive, less invasive, and in line with users' expectations. Considering the gait assessment application, we expect the human-leader configuration to return more promising and accurate results.

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An Exoskeleton BCI System for Stroke Rehabilitation Using Multi-modality Training Mode

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An Exoskeleton BCI System for Stroke Rehabilitation Using Mu...

2023 International Automatic control Conference, CACS 2023

作者： Su, Kai-Hsiang Chen, Chiao-Hsin Chen, Chia-Hsin Zhang, Yong-Liang Ko, Li-Wei National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Former National Chiao Tung University Institute of Biological Science and Technology Hsinchu30010 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Former National Chiao Tung University Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital Rehabilitation Department of Kaohsiung Taiwan College of Biological Science and Technology Hsinchu30010 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Former National Chiao Tung University Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Brain Research Center Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Hsinchu30010 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350306354

With the advent of the global aging era, the impact of stroke on humans is continuously increasing. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches to enhance patient recovery are receiving growing attention. Stroke is a severe neurological disorder that causes brain damage, requiring extended periods of rehabilitation for patients to return to normal life. Currently, common clinical methods largely rely on traditional passive limb rehabilitation, primarily targeting peripheral nerve training. Nowadays, an increasing number of people are recognizing the importance of post-stroke neuroplasticity. This study aims to activate patients' central nervous system and proposes a brain-machine interface (BCI) exoskeleton system based on human cognition. By designing three cognitive brainwave training models, including an attention-based standing-up model detecting θ-band power decrease, a relaxation-based sitting-down model detecting α-band power increase, and a walking model detecting MRCP, patients can actively control lower limb exoskeleton movement using *** study provides cross-validation accuracy through both normal subjects and stroke patients, with accuracies of 87.13±9.38 and 80.83±9.68, respectively. Envisioning a rehabilitation system guided by human cognition, our team has developed an intuitive BCI exoskeleton system. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Brain

Transfer Route Recommendation for Metro Systems Based on Multi-source Data Fusion

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Transfer Route Recommendation for Metro Systems Based on Mul...

IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC)

作者： Tailan Yuan Wen Xiong Lijun Yun School of Information Science and Technology Yunnan Normal University Kunming China Department of Education of Yunnan Province Engineering Research Center of Computer Vision and Intelligent Control Technology Kunming China

As the network-structure complexity and the passenger volume continuously grow, how to accurately perform passenger flow guidance is a crucial issue for metro operators. Transfer route recommendation is a core approach for passenger flow guidance. Existing works are limited in obtaining route attributes (such as transfer walking time and waiting time, etc.). Furthermore, most of existing methods may not work well in the scenario of sudden passenger flow, because of their limited capability to accurately measure the real-time crowding. To address these issues, a data fusion based transfer route recommendation method (DFTRR) is proposed. Specifically, we first propose a spatio-temporal diversity-based method (STD) to measure the trajectory similarity. Based on that, we fuse two kinds of heterogeneous data, i.e., swiping records of smart cards and Wi-Fi signal records of mobile devices to extract a passenger's complete trip. And then we present the historical median travel time to alleviate the computation issue of route attributes. Meanwhile the mean crowding level is introduced to accurately measure the real-time crowding of routes. Finally, a generalized travel cost based on median travel time, number of transfers and mean crowding level is constructed for transfer route recommendation. The experimental results illustrate that the accuracy of STD algorithm is higher than the baseline 34.92% at maximum; DFTRR can offer the optimal transfer route according to passengers' preferences under sudden passenger flow.

关键词： Smart cards Solid modeling Costs Fuses Data integration Real-time systems Mobile handsets

AI-Based UAVs 3D Coverage Deployment in 6G-Enabled IoV Networks for Industry 5.0

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IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2024年

作者： Du, Pengfei Xiao, Tingyue Cao, Haotong Zhai, Daosen Gadekallu, Thippa Reddy Piran, Md. Jalil Xihua University Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Airground Integrated Vehicle and Traffic Control Ministry of Education Chengdu610039 China Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering Nanjing210003 China Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi an School of Electronics and Information Shaanxi 710072 China Lovely Professional University Division of Research and Development Phagwara India Sejong University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul05006 Korea Republic of

The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been widely deployed for the emergency communication recovery in 6G-enabled internet of vehicles (IoV) networks for Industry 5.0 due to its advantages such as high mobility,low cost and on-demand deployment. However,in a practical three-dimensional (3D) space urban road scenario,the obstructions from the buildings or interchange bridges,as well as the limited transmit power and quantity of UAVs,cannot satisfy the vehicles' communication quality of service (QoS) for UAV-assisted IoV networks. To address these challenges,we propose a QoS-aware UAVs 3D coverage deployment algorithm (QUCDA) to maximize the number of vehicles covered by UAVs based on the machine learning algorithms. The QUCDA takes into account the unique 3D urban environment characteristics and the QoS requirements of IoV networks,which are crucial factors that traditional optimization algorithms often overlook. More specifically,the proposed QUCDA improves on traditional genetic algorithm (GA) and consists of two key steps: first,a novel approach is developed to generate the initial population utilizing the K-means clustering algorithm to improve the quality of the solution. Subsequently,we propose the K-means initialized grey wolf optimization (KIGWO) algorithm to improve the diversity through a random replacement strategy. The experimental evaluation is conducted using a realistic 3D urban environment dataset,including the road locations,heights,and other environment details. Abundant simulation results demonstrate that,compared with the traditional GA,the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the sine cosine algorithm (SCA),the proposed QUCDA can make the communication coverage reach 100%,effectively improve the system capacity and the coverage rate. The result is expected to be useful for achieving future smart city in 6G-enabled IoV networks for Industry 5.0. © 1975-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Genetic algorithms

Distributed formation control of networked mechanical systems

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Javanmardi, Najmeh Borja, P. Yazdanpanah, M.J. Scherpen, J.M.A. Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran Department of Cognitive Robotics Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands Jan C. Wilems Center for Systems and Control ENTEG Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands

This paper investigates a distributed formation tracking control law for large-scale networks of mechanical systems. In particular, the formation network is represented by a directed communication graph with leaders and followers, where each agent is described as a port-Hamiltonian system with a constant mass matrix. Moreover, we adopt a distributed parameter approach to prove the scalable asymptotic stability of the network formation, i.e., the scalability with respect to the network size and the specific formation preservation. A simulation case illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed control approach. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Networked control systems

Data-driven control Against False Data Injection Attacks

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Liu, Wenjie Li, Lidong Sun, Jian Deng, Fang Wang, Gang Chen, Jie State Key Lab of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems School of Automation Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China Engineering and Technology Institute University of Groningen 9747AG Netherlands Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center Chonqing401120 China Department of Control Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai201804 China

The rise of cyber-security concerns has brought significant attention to the analysis and design of cyber-physical systems (CPSs). Among the various types of cyberattacks, denial-of-service (DoS) attacks and false data injection (FDI) attacks can be easily launched and have become prominent threats. While resilient control against DoS attacks has received substantial research efforts, countermeasures developed against FDI attacks have been relatively limited, particularly when explicit system models are not available. To address this gap, the present paper focuses on the design of data-driven controllers for unknown linear systems subject to FDI attacks on the actuators, utilizing input-state data. To this end, a general FDI attack model is presented, which imposes minimally constraints on the switching frequency of attack channels and the magnitude of attack matrices. A dynamic state feedback control law is designed based on offline and online input-state data, which adapts to the channel switching of FDI attacks. This is achieved by solving two data-based semi-definite programs (SDPs) on-the-fly to yield a tight approximation of the set of subsystems consistent with both offline clean data and online attack-corrupted data. It is shown that under mild conditions on the attack, the proposed SDPs are recursively feasible and controller achieves exponential stability. Numerical examples showcase its effectiveness in mitigating the impact of FDI attacks. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Denial-of-service attack

Bridge the Present and Future: A Cross-Layer Matching Game in Dynamic Cloud-Aided Mobile Edge Networks

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Qi, Houyi Liwang, Minghui Wang, Xianbin Li, Li Gong, Wei Jin, Jian Jiao, Zhenzhen The School of Informatics Xiamen University Fujian China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Western University ON Canada The Department of Control Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China The Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Tongji University Shanghai China The Research Institute of Industrial Internet of Things CAICT China The iF-Labs Beijing Teleinfo Technology Co. Ltd. CAICT China

Cloud-aided mobile edge networks (CAMENs) allow edge servers (ESs) to purchase resources from remote cloud servers (CSs), while overcoming resource shortage when handling computation-intensive tasks of mobile users (MUs). Conventional trading mechanisms (e.g., onsite trading) confront many challenges, including decision-making overhead (e.g., latency) and potential trading failures. This paper investigates a series of cross-layer matching mechanisms to achieve stable and cost-effective resource provisioning across different layers (i.e., MUs, ESs, CSs), seamlessly integrated into a novel hybrid paradigm that incorporates futures and spot trading. In futures trading, we explore an overbooking-driven aforehand cross-layer matching (OA-CLM) mechanism, facilitating two future contract types: contract between MUs and ESs, and contract between ESs and CSs, while assessing potential risks under historical statistical analysis. In spot trading, we design two backup plans respond to current network/market conditions: determination on contractual MUs that should switch to local processing from edge/cloud services;and an onsite cross-layer matching (OS-CLM) mechanism that engages participants in real-time practical transactions. We next show that our matching mechanisms theoretically satisfy stability, individual rationality, competitive equilibrium, and weak Pareto optimality. Comprehensive simulations in real-world and numerical network settings confirm the corresponding efficacy, while revealing remarkable improvements in time/energy efficiency and social welfare. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision making

Predicting Visual Acuity Recovery in Open Globe Injuries: A Deep Learning Approach Using Orbital Computed Tomography

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SSRN

SSRN 2025年

作者： Wang, Kexin Zhang, Hongda Xie, Zhuoting Li, Shihuai Giunchiglia, Fausto Xu, Hao Han, Qinghe Guo, Deming Qin, Yanguo Orthopaedic Medical Center The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University Changchun130041 China Joint International Research Laboratory of Ageing Active Strategy and Bionic Health in Northeast Asia Ministry of Education Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Jilin University Changchun130041 China College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin University Changchun130012 China Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science University of Trento The Autonomous Province of Trento Italy Radiology Department The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China

Purpose: This study aims to develop and validate an artificial intelligence (AI) model based on DenseNet3D to predict visual outcomes in patients with open globe injury (OGI) using orbital computed tomography (CT) scans. The model seeks to guide emergency treatment decisions and improve clinical management. Design: A retrospective study designed to develop and validate a deep learning-based prediction model for visual outcomes in OGI patients. Participants: The study included 391 OGI patients treated at the Second Hospital of Jilin University. Methods: Orbital CT scans from 391 patients were annotated using ITK-SNAP to identify key OGI features, including intraocular foreign bodies, hyphema, traumatic cataract, lens dislocation, vitreous hemorrhage, posterior scleral rupture, retinal tears, retinal detachment, subretinal hemorrhage, retinal prolapse, choroidal injuries, optic nerve damage, and orbital fractures. A modified DenseNet architecture extracted imaging features from the annotated regions. The model's performance in predicting postoperative visual recovery was evaluated using five-fold cross-validation, with metrics including accuracy, F1 score, precision, recall, area under the precision-recall curve (PR-AUC), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC). Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) was applied to generate visual heatmaps, providing insights into the model's interpretability. The model’s performance was compared with the Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) to assess its consistency with traditional clinical methods. Main Outcome Measures: Accuracy, F1 score, PR AUC, Precision, Recall, and ROC AUC of the *** model exhibited strong predictive performance, achieving an accuracy of 0.824, an F1 score of 0.870, a PR-AUC of 0.946, a precision of 0.858, a recall of 0.889, and an ROC-AUC of 0.906. These metrics demonstrated performance comparable to the conventional OTS system. Conclusions: The proposed AI model

关键词： computerized tomography