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Landscape of sign language research based on smartphone apps: coherent literature analysis, motivations, open challenges, recommendations and future directions for app assessment

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Universal Access in the Information Society 2024年第2期23卷 687-702页

作者： David, Dianes Alamoodi, A.H. Albahri, O.S. Zaidan, B.B. Zaidan, A.A. Garfan, Salem Ismail, Amelia Ritahani Albahri, A.S. Alsinglawi, Belal Malik, R.Q. Perak Malaysia Future Technology Research Center National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 123 University Road Section 3 Yunlin Douliou64002 Taiwan Faculty of Engineering and IT The British University in Dubai Dubai United Arab Emirates International Islamic University Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Baghdad Iraq School of Computer Data and Mathematical Sciences Western Sydney University Sydney Australia Medical Intrumentation Techniques Engineering Department Al-Mustaqbal University College Babylon Iraq Computer Techniques Engineering Department Mazaya University College Thi-Qar Nassiriya Iraq

Numerous nations have prioritised the inclusion of citizens with disabilities, such as hearing loss, in all aspects of social life. Sign language is used by this population, yet they still have trouble communicating with others. Many sign language apps are being created to help bridge the communication gap as a result of technology advances enabled by the widespread use of smartphones. These apps are widely used because they are accessible and inexpensive. The services and capabilities they offer and the quality of their content, however, differ greatly. Evaluation of the quality of the content provided by these applications is necessary if they are to have any kind of real effect. A thorough evaluation like this will inspire developers to work hard on new apps, which will lead to improved software development and experience overall. This research used a systematic literature review (SLR) method, which is recognised in gaining a broad understanding of the study whilst offering additional information for future investigations. SLR was adopted in this research for smartphone-based sign language apps to understand the area and main discussion aspects utilised in the assessment. These studies were reviewed on the basis of related work analysis, main issues, discussions and methodological aspects. Results revealed that the evaluation of sign language mobile apps is scarce. Thus, we proposed a future direction for the quality assessment of these apps. The findings will benefit normal-hearing and hearing-impaired users and open up a new area where researchers and developers could work together on sign language mobile apps. The results will help hearing and non-hearing users and will pave the way for future collaboration between academicians and app developers in the field of sign language technology. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023.

关键词： Smartphones

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Causal fMRI-Mamba: Causal State Space Model for Neural Decoding and Brain Task States Recognition

Causal fMRI-Mamba: Causal State Space Model for Neural Decod...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Weihao Deng Fei Han Qinghua Ling Qing Liu Henry Han School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering JiangSu University China Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Big Data Ubiquitous Perception and Intelligent Agriculture Applications China School of Computer Jiangsu University of Science and Technology China School of Electronic and Information Engineering West Anhui University China School of Engineering and Computer Science Baylor University USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350368741

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368758

Deep learning advances neural decoding in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) tasks with convolution and attention-based methods. However, these methods struggle with capturing global spatiotemporal information due to high dimensionality, noise and inter-individual difference of fMRI, which also increase computational complexity and prior bias. To this end, a novel causal state space model, Causal fMRI-Mamba, is proposed for neural decoding and task state mapping. It effectively captures global spatiotemporal information via eliminating local redundancies and capturing long-distance dependencies. Meanwhile, a causal representation framework is designed to extract invariant high-order features and disentangle related causal features, enhancing model performance. Furthermore, a dense connection module is expanded to prevent significant causal information loss in hidden states of inter layers. On the HCP brain task state classification task, Causal fMRI-Mamba achieves better performance and generalization than comparison methods.

关键词： Deep learning Perturbation methods Redundancy Noise Functional magnetic resonance imaging Brain modeling Feature extraction Spatiotemporal phenomena Decoding Speech processing

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Entropic Gromov-Wasserstein distances: stability and algorithms

The Journal of Machine Learning Research

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The Journal of Machine Learning Research 2024年第1期25卷 17738-17789页

作者： Gabriel Rioux Ziv Goldfeld Kengo Kato Center for Applied Mathematics Cornell University Ithaca NY School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University Ithaca NY Department of Statistics and Data Science Cornell University Ithaca NY

The Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) distance quantifies discrepancy between metric measure spaces and provides a natural framework for aligning heterogeneous datasets. Alas, as exact computation of GW alignment is NP-complete, entropic regularization provides an avenue towards a computationally tractable proxy. Leveraging a recently derived variational representation for the quadratic entropic GW (EGW) distance, this work derives the first efficient algorithms for solving the EGW problem subject to formal, nonasymptotic convergence guarantees. To that end, we derive smoothness and convexity properties of the objective in this variational problem, which enables its resolution by the accelerated gradient method. Our algorithms employ Sinkhorn's fixed point iterations to compute an approximate gradient, which we model as an inexact oracle. We furnish convergence rates towards local and even global solutions (the latter holds under a precise quantitative condition on the regularization parameter), characterize the effects of gradient inexactness, and prove that stationary points of the EGW problem converge towards a stationary point of the unregularized GW problem, in the limit of vanishing regularization. We provide numerical experiments that validate our theory and empirically demonstrate the state-of-the-art empirical performance of our algorithm.

关键词： Algorithms convergence rate global guarantees Gromov-Wasserstein distances entropic regularization inexact gradient methods

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An Enhanced Authentication Protocol Suitable for Constrained RFID Systems

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IEEE Access 2024年 12卷 61610-61628页

作者： Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi Servati, Mohammad Reza Rahmani, Amir Masoud Safkhani, Masoumeh Lansky, Jan Janoscova, Renata Ahmed, Omed Hassan Tanveer, Jawad Lee, Sang-Woong Duy Tan University Institute of Research and Development Da Nang550000 Viet Nam Duy Tan University School of Medicine and Pharmacy Da Nang550000 Viet Nam Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University Department of Computer Engineering Tehran16788-15811 Iran National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Future Technology Research Center Douliou Yunlin64002 Taiwan School of Computer Science Tehran19395-5746 Iran University of Finance and Administration Faculty of Economic Studies Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Prague101 00 Czech Republic University of Human Development Department of Information Technology Sulaymaniyah0778-6 Iraq Sejong University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul05006 Korea Republic of Gachon University Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning Laboratory Department of Ai Software Seongnam-si13557 Korea Republic of

RFID technology offers an affordable and user-friendly solution for contactless identification of objects and individuals. However, the widespread adoption of RFID systems raises concerns regarding security and privacy. Vulnerabilities such as message tampering, interception, and eavesdropping pose significant risks to the integrity of the system. This study examines the effectiveness of two recently proposed ultra-lightweight RFID authentication protocols, URASP and KUAJB, in addressing these security challenges. Surprisingly, our findings reveal that both URASP and KUAJB protocols are susceptible to secret disclosure attacks, despite their claims of providing robust security. Consequently, the development of a truly ultra-lightweight protocol that ensures adequate security becomes a formidable task. As a potential solution, the enhancement of the URASP protocol through the integration of a simple cryptographic primitive is suggested to bolster its security measures. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Hash functions

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X-Prompt: Multi-modal Visual Prompt for Video Object Segmentation

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Guo, Pinxue Li, Wanyun Huang, Hao Hong, Lingyi Zhou, Xinyu Chen, Zhaoyu Li, Jinglun Jiang, Kaixun Zhang, Wei Zhang, Wenqiang Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics Academy for Engineering & Technology Fudan University China Shanghai Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing School of Computer Science Fudan University China Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics Ministry of Education Academy for Engineering & Technology Shanghai Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing School of Computer Science Fudan University China

Multi-modal Video Object Segmentation (VOS), including RGB-Thermal, RGB-Depth, and RGB-Event, has garnered attention due to its capability to address challenging scenarios where traditional VOS methods struggle, such as extreme illumination, rapid motion, and background distraction. Existing approaches often involve designing specific additional branches and performing full-parameter fine-tuning for fusion in each task. However, this paradigm not only duplicates research efforts and hardware costs but also risks model collapse with the limited multi-modal annotated data. In this paper, we propose a universal framework named X-Prompt for all multi-modal video object segmentation tasks, designated as RGB+X. The X-Prompt framework first pretrains a video object segmentation foundation model using RGB data, and then utilize the additional modality of the prompt to adapt it to downstream multi-modal tasks with limited data. Within the X-Prompt framework, we introduce the Multi-modal Visual Prompter (MVP), which allows prompting foundation model with the various modalities to segment objects precisely. We further propose the Multi-modal Adaptation Experts (MAEs) to adapt the foundation model with pluggable modality-specific knowledge without compromising the generalization capacity. To evaluate the effectiveness of the X-Prompt framework, we conduct extensive experiments on 3 tasks across 4 benchmarks. The proposed universal X-Prompt framework consistently outperforms the full fine-tuning paradigm and achieves state-of-the-art performance. Code: https://***/PinxueGuo/***. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Non-invasive estimation of the powder size distribution from a single speckle image

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Light(science & Applications) 2024年第10期13卷 2221-2230页

作者： Qihang Zhang Ajinkya Pandit Zhiguang Liu Zhen Guo Shashank Muddu Yi Wei Deborah Pereg Neda Nazemifard Charles Papageorgiou Yihui Yang Wenlong Tang Richard D.Braatz Allan S.Myerson George Barbastathis Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology(SMART)Centre Singapore 117543Singapore Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Process Chemistry Development Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co40 Landsdowne StCambridgeMA 02139USA ShinrAI Center for AI/ML Data Sciences InstitutesTakeda Pharmaceuticals International Co650 E Kendall StCambridgeMA 02142USA Present address:Department of Precision Instruments Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Non-invasive characterization of powders may take one of two approaches:imaging and counting individual particles;or relying on scattered light to estimate the particle size distribution(PSD)of the *** former approach runs into practical difficulties,as the system must conform to the working distance and other restrictions of the imaging *** latter approach requires an inverse map from the speckle autocorrelation to the particle *** principle relies on the pupil function determining the basic sidelobe shape,whereas the particle size spread modulates the sidelobe *** recently showed that it is feasible to invert the speckle autocorrelation and obtain the PSD using a neural network,trained efficiently through a physics-informed semi-generative *** this work,we eliminate one of the most time-consuming steps of our previous method by engineering the pupil *** judiciously blocking portions of the pupil,we sacrifice some photons but in return we achieve much enhanced sidelobes and,hence,higher sensitivity to the change of the size *** result is a 60×reduction in total acquisition and processing time,or 0.25 seconds per frame in our *** real-time operation in our system is not only more appealing toward rapid industrial adoption,it also paves the way for quantitative characterization of complex spatial or temporal dynamics in drying,blending,and other chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing processes.

关键词： speckle size distribution

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Enhancing Lighter Neural Network Performance with Layer-wise Knowledge Distillation and Selective Pixel Attention

Enhancing Lighter Neural Network Performance with Layer-wise...

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International eConference on computer and Knowledge engineering (ICCKE)

作者： Siavash Zaravashan Sajjad Torabi Hesam Zaravashan Dept. Computer Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran Data Scientist Part Research Center of AI Tehran Iran

Deep neural networks have made a revolution in different areas of Artificial Intelligence such as image classifi-cation and object detection. However, most of these models are heavy and time-consuming at the inference stage. If we desire to use real-time applications, it’s necessary to lighten them up. However, this could negatively affect the performance of models. One suggested approach for enhancing the capabilities of smaller models involves a technique called knowledge distillation. In this method, a less advanced model, referred to as the student model, learns from and emulates the more advanced teacher model to enhance its performance. This method has been proven as an effective technique to compress the model and increase its accuracy. Previous methods mostly focus on proposing feature transformation and loss functions between the same level’s features to improve the effectiveness. In this paper, we investigate the effect of connections between different layers of teacher and student networks and reveal their great importance. We have employed three different loss functions—attention-driven distillation, hierarchical context loss, and non-local loss—to enhance the classifier’s overall performance. Extensive experiments on the CIFAR-100 dataset show that the proposed method has a great performance improvement. For the benefit of the research community, we will make the code for this study available on GitHub.

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Evolutionary Approach to Security Games with Signaling 31

Evolutionary Approach to Security Games with Signaling

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31st International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCai 2022

作者： Żychowski, Adam Mańdziuk, Jacek Bondi, Elizabeth Venugopal, Aravind Tambe, Milind Ravindran, Balaraman Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science Warsaw University of Technology Poland Center for Research on Computation and Society Harvard University United States Robert Bosch Centre for Data Science and AI IIT Madras India Department of Computer Science and Engineering IIT Madras India

ISBN: (纸本)9781956792003

Green Security Games have become a popular way to model scenarios involving the protection of natural resources, such as wildlife. Sensors (e.g. drones equipped with cameras) have also begun to play a role in these scenarios by providing real-time information. Incorporating both human and sensor defender resources strategically is the subject of recent work on Security Games with Signaling (SGS). However, current methods to solve SGS do not scale well in terms of time or memory. We therefore propose a novel approach to SGS, which, for the first time in this domain, employs an Evolutionary Computation paradigm: EASGS. EASGS effectively searches the huge SGS solution space via suitable solution encoding in a chromosome and a specially-designed set of operators. The operators include three types of mutations, each focusing on a particular aspect of the SGS solution, optimized crossover and a local coverage improvement scheme (a memetic aspect of EASGS). We also introduce a new set of benchmark games, based on dense or locally-dense graphs that reflect real-world SGS settings. In the majority of 342 test game instances, EASGS outperforms state-of-the-art methods, including a reinforcement learning method, in terms of time scalability, nearly constant memory utilization, and quality of the returned defender's strategies (expected payoffs). © 2022 International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence. All rights reserved.

关键词： Chromosomes

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Deep Bayesian Image Set Classification Approach for Defense against Adversarial Attacks

Deep Bayesian Image Set Classification Approach for Defense ...

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Proceedings of the Digital Image Computing: Technqiues and Applications (DICTA)

作者： Nima Mirnateghi Syed Afaq Ali Shah Mohammed Bennamoun Center for AI and Machine Learning Edith Cowan University School of Computer Science and Software Engineering The University of Western Australia

Deep learning has become an integral part of various pattern recognition and computer vision systems in recent years due to its outstanding achievements in object recognition, facial recognition, and scene understanding. However, deep neural networks (DNNs) are susceptible to being fooled with nearly high confidence by an adversary. In practice, the vulnerability of deep learning systems against carefully perturbed images, known as adversarial examples, poses a dire security threat in physical-world applications. To address this phenomenon, we present, what to our knowledge, is the first ever image-set-based adversarial defense approach. Image set classification has shown exceptional performance for object and face recognition, owing to its intrinsic property of handling appearance variability. We propose a robust deep Bayesian image set classification as a defense framework against a broad range of adversarial attacks. We extensively experiment the performance of the proposed technique with several voting strategies. We further analyse the effects of image size, perturbation magnitude, along with the ratio of perturbed images in each image set. We also evaluate our technique with the recent state-of-the-art defense methods and single-shot recognition task. The empirical results demonstrate superior performance on the CIFAR-10, MNIST, ETH-80, and Tiny ImageNet datasets. Our code is available at https://***/ai-voyage/***.

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Revenue and User Traffic Maximization in Mobile Short-Video Advertising 21

Revenue and User Traffic Maximization in Mobile Short-Video ...

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21st International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, AAMAS 2022

作者： Ran, Dezhi Zheng, Weiqiang Li, Yunqi Bian, Kaigui Zhang, Jie Deng, Xiaotie School of Computer Science Peking University China Department of Computer Science Yale University United States School of Computer Science National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analysis and Applications Peking University China Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton United Kingdom Center on Frontiers of Computing Studies Peking University China

ISBN: (纸本)9781713854333

A new mobile attention economy has emerged with the explosive growth of short-video apps such as TikTok. In this internet market, three types of agents interact with each other: the platform, influencers, and advertisers. A short-video platform encourages its influencers to attract users by creating appealing content through short-form videos and allows advertisers to display their ads in short-form videos. There are two options for the advertisers: one is to bid for platform advert slots in a similar way to search engine auctions;the other is to pay an influencer to make engaging short videos and promote them through the influencer's channel. The second option will generate a higher conversion ratio if advertisers choose the right influencers whose followers match their target market. Although displaying influencer ads will generate less revenue, it is more engaging than platform ads, which is better for maintaining user traffic. Therefore, it is crucial for a platform to balance these factors by establishing a sustainable business agreement with its influencers and advertisers. In this paper, we develop a two-stage solution for a platform to maximize short-term revenue and long-term user traffic maintenance. In the first stage, we estimate the impact of user traffic generated by displaying influencer ads and characterize the user traffic the platform should allocate to influencers for overall revenue maximization. In the second stage, we devise an optimal (1 - 1/e)-competitive algorithm for ad slot allocation. To complement this analysis, we examine the ratio of the revenue generated by our online algorithm to the optimal offline revenue. Our simulation results show that this ratio is 0.94 on average, which is much higher than (1 - 1/e) and outperforms four baseline algorithms. © 2022 International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (***). All rights reserved

关键词： Multi agent systems

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