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Enhancing Taiwanese Hokkien Dual Translation by Exploring and Standardizing of Four Writing Systems

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Lu, Bo-Han Lin, Yi-Hsuan Lee, En-Shiun Annie Tsai, Richard Tzong-Han Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Central University Taiwan Department of Computer Science Faculty of Arts and Science University of Toronto Canada Computer Science Program Faculty of Science Ontario Tech University Canada Center for GIS Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences Academia Sinica Taiwan

Machine translation focuses mainly on high-resource languages (HRLs), while low-resource languages (LRLs) like Taiwanese Hokkien are relatively under-explored. The study aims to address this gap by developing a dual translation model between Taiwanese Hokkien and both Traditional Mandarin Chinese and English. We employ a pre-trained LLaMA 2-7B model specialized in Traditional Mandarin Chinese to leverage the orthographic similarities between Taiwanese Hokkien Han and Traditional Mandarin Chinese. Our comprehensive experiments involve translation tasks across various writing systems of Taiwanese Hokkien as well as between Taiwanese Hokkien and other HRLs. We find that the use of a limited monolingual corpus still further improves the model’s Taiwanese Hokkien capabilities. We then utilize our translation model to standardize all Taiwanese Hokkien writing systems into Hokkien Han, resulting in further performance improvements. Additionally, we introduce an evaluation method incorporating back-translation and GPT-4 to ensure reliable translation quality assessment even for LRLs. The study contributes to narrowing the resource gap for Taiwanese Hokkien and empirically investigates the advantages and limitations of pre-training and fine-tuning based on LLaMA 2. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Neural machine translation

An Optimal Framework for SDN Based on Deep Neural Network

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 1125-1140页

作者： Abdallah Abdallah Mohamad Khairi Ishak Nor Samsiah Sani Imran Khan Fahad RAlbogamy Hirofumi Amano Samih M.Mostafa Department of Industrial Engineering School of Applied Technical Sciences German Jordanian UniversityAmman35247Jordan School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Universiti Sains MalaysiaNibong Tebal14300Malaysia Center for Artificial Intelligence Technology Faculty of Information Science and TechnologyThe National University of Malaysia(UKM)Bangi43600SelangorMalaysia Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyPeshawar814Pakistan Turabah University College Computer Sciences ProgramTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Research Institute for Information Technology Kyushu UniversityFukuoka819-0395Japan Computer Science-Mathematics Department Faculty of ScienceSouth Valley UniversityQena83523Egypt

Software-defined networking(SDN)is a new paradigm that promises to change by breaking vertical integration,decoupling network control logic from the underlying routers and switches,promoting(logical)network control centralization,and introducing network ***,the controller is similarly vulnerable to a“single point of failure”,an attacker can execute a distributed denial of service(DDoS)attack that invalidates the controller and compromises the network security in *** address the problem of DDoS traffic detection in SDN,a novel detection approach based on information entropy and deep neural network(DNN)is *** approach contains a DNN-based DDoS traffic detection module and an information-based entropy initial inspection *** initial inspection module detects the suspicious network traffic by computing the information entropy value of the data packet’s source and destination Internet Protocol(IP)addresses,and then identifies it using the DDoS detection module based on *** assaults were found when suspected irregular traffic was *** reveal that the algorithm recognizes DDoS activity at a rate of more than 99%,with a much better accuracy *** false alarm rate(FAR)is much lower than that of the information entropy-based detection ***,the proposed framework can shorten the detection time and improve the resource utilization efficiency.

关键词： Deep neural network computer networks data security optimization

Extraction of c- F os Protein Regions from Mouse Brain Slice Images using Multi-channelization, 1 x 1 Convolution and U -Net 13

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Extraction of c- F os Protein Regions from Mouse Brain Slice...

Joint 13th International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems and 25th International Symposium on Advanced Intelligent Systems, SCIS and ISIS 2024

作者： Wang, Ziyue Okamura, Hibiki Luo, Shijie Hayashi, Yu Takizawa, Hotaka Master's Program in Computer Science University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine University of Tsukuba Ph.D. Program in Humanics Tsukuba Japan International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan Institute of Systems and Information Engineering Academic Computing and Communications Center University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350373332

This study proposed a novel extraction method of c-Fos protein regions in DAB(3,3'-diaminobenzidine)-stained mouse brain slice images using the U-Net model combined with the multi-channelization and 1×1 convolution techniques. Our U-Net m odel, called 1× 1 conv U-Net, was applied to three DAB- strainedmouse slice images whose resolutions were 1000x1000 pixels. The experimental results demonstrated that the 1×1 conv U-Net outperformed the conventional U-Net. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Mammals

Normality Addition via Normality Detection in Industrial Image Anomaly Detection Models

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Yi, Jihun Jung, Dahuin Yoon, Sungroh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of School of Computer Science and Engineering Soongsil University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Interdisciplinary Program in AI Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of

The task of image anomaly detection (IAD) aims to identify deviations from normality in image data. These anomalies are patterns that deviate significantly from what the IAD model has learned from the data during training. However, in real-world scenarios, the criteria for what constitutes normality often change, necessitating the reclassification of previously anomalous instances as normal. To address this challenge, we propose a new scenario termed "normality addition," involving the post-training adjustment of decision boundaries to incorporate new normalities. To address this challenge, we propose a method called Normality Addition via Normality Detection (NAND), leveraging a vision-language model. NAND performs normality detection which detect patterns related to the intended normality within images based on textual descriptions. We then modify the results of a pre-trained IAD model to implement this normality addition. Using the benchmark dataset in IAD, MVTec AD, we establish an evaluation protocol for the normality addition task and empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of the NAND method. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Visual languages

Features Reduction with PCA Technique for Malware Detection Using Machine Learning

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Features Reduction with PCA Technique for Malware Detection ...

International Conference on Computing, engineering, and Design (ICCED)

作者： Teddy Mantoro Agung Ginanjar Media Anugerah Ayu Umar Aditiawarman Department of Computer Science Faculty of Engineering and Technology Sampoerna University Jakarta Indonesia Postgraduate Program - School of Computer Science Nusa Putra University Sukabumi Indonesia

Malware had been a problem for quite some times since it spreads easily and can cause various problems. Currently, malware is also one of the big threats for internet users. With a huge number of internet users today, techniques that can automatically detect malware before it infects the system is required. This study aims to develop malware detection using machine learning approach with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) as feature reduction. PCA (Principal Component Analysis) is expected to be able to reduce the number of features which then could also reduce the learning time but do not reduce its accuracy significantly. There were four machine learning classifiers used in this study, i.e. K-Nearest Neighbor, Decision Tree, Naïve bayes, and Random Forest. The n-components used in this study were 20 and 34 and the ratio of test and train in the dataset was 35% for test and 65% for training. The results have shown that the best performance come from the detection using random forest with 34 n-component and 100 n-estimator with the average accuracy was 0.991688.

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Hierarchical B-frame Video Coding Using Two-Layer CANF without Motion Coding

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Alexandre, David Hang, Hsueh-Ming Peng, Wen-Hsiao Electrical Engineering and Computer Science International Graduate Program Institute of Electronics Department of Computer Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan

Typical video compression systems consist of two main modules: motion coding and residual coding. This general architecture is adopted by classical coding schemes (such as international standards H.265 and H.266) and deep learning-based coding schemes. We propose a novel B-frame coding architecture based on two-layer Conditional Augmented Normalization Flows (CANF). It has the striking feature of not transmitting any motion information. Our proposed idea of video compression without motion coding offers a new direction for learned video coding. Our base layer is a low-resolution image compressor that replaces the full-resolution motion compressor. The low-resolution coded image is merged with the warped high-resolution images to generate a high-quality image as a conditioning signal for the enhancement-layer image coding in full resolution. One advantage of this architecture is significantly reduced computational complexity due to eliminating the motion information compressor. In addition, we adopt a skip-mode coding technique to reduce the transmitted latent samples. The rate-distortion performance of our scheme is slightly lower than that of the state-of-the-art learned B-frame coding scheme, B-CANF, but outperforms other learned B-frame coding schemes. However, compared to B-CANF, our scheme saves 45% of multiply–accumulate operations (MACs) for encoding and 27% of MACs for decoding. The code is available at https://***. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image coding

Enhancing Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) by Incorporating Machine Learning for Cyber Attack Detection

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Enhancing Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) b...

International Conference on Computing, engineering, and Design (ICCED)

作者： Media Anugerah Ayu Dimas Erlangga Teddy Mantoro Dini Handayani Department of Computer Science Faculty of Engineering and Technology Sampoerna University Jakarta Indonesia Postgraduate Program - School of Computer Science Nusa Putra University - Sukabumi Indonesia

Network security is a crucial component of Information Technology, yet organizations continue to grapple with meeting established security benchmarks. Given the rise in cyber-attacks and the continuous emergence of new attack types, it’s practically infeasible to persistently update attack patterns or signatures within security parameters. Key tools such as Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) are instrumental in monitoring network traffic and identifying potential threats. However, these tools face limitations, such as the high volume of alerts produced by IDS and the use of rule-based method, also the inability of SIEM tools to analyze logs comprehensively to identify inappropriate activities. This research has conducted anomaly detection using machine learning process to classify cyber-attacks network flow collected from IDS that installed incident network infrastructure. The analysis of IDS using machine learning, integrated with SIEM. The algorithm used in this research was Random Forest Classifier using CSE-CID-IDS2018 dataset pre-processed with Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results of the experiments show that Random Forest Classifier Model, when combined with Principal Component Analysis (PCA), yields the most commendable results when applied to a 70/30 training/testing data ratio with accuracy of 0.99953.

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The Impact of Different Modes of Augmented Reality Information in Assisted Aircraft Cable Assembly 1

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International Conference on Innovative Technologies in Intelligent Systems and Industrial Applications, CITISIA 2022

作者： Ariansyah, Dedy Xi, Khaizuo Erkoyuncu, John Ahmet Pardamean, Bens Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Centre Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia School of Aerospace Transport and Manufacturing Cranfield University BedfordMK43 0AL United Kingdom Centre of Digital Engineering and Manufacturing School of Aerospace Transport and Manufacturing Cranfield University BedfordMK43 0AL United Kingdom Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program Master of Computer Science Program Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia

ISBN: (数字)9783031290787

ISBN: (纸本)9783031290770

Aircraft avionics systems are complicated systems which involves high number of components and complex cable assembly procedure. To deal with this challenge, Augmented Reality (AR) has been proposed to be an effective method to improve assembly efficiency and to reduce error rates. In this paper, the authors developed AR-based guidance cable assembly and compare the impact of different modes of AR information. The results show that although AR outperformed the paper document assembly guidance, the design of AR information has distinct influence on the successful completion of the cables assembly process. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.

关键词： Augmented reality

The Robustness of Structural Features in Species Interaction Networks

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Fard, Sanaz Hasanzadeh Dolson, Emily Department of Computer Science and Engineering Michigan State University United States Program in Ecology Evolution and Behavior Michigan State University United States

Species interaction networks are a powerful tool for describing ecological communities;they typically contain nodes representing species, and edges representing interactions between those species. For the purposes of drawing abstract inferences about groups of similar networks, ecologists often use graph topology metrics to summarize structural features. However, gathering the data that underlies these networks is challenging, which can lead to some interactions being missed. Thus, it is important to understand how much different structural metrics are affected by missing data. To address this question, we analyzed a database of 148 real-world bipartite networks representing four different types of species interactions (pollination, host-parasite, plant-ant, and seed-dispersal). For each network, we measured six different topological properties: number of connected components, variance in node betweenness, variance in node PageRank, largest Eigenvalue, the number of non-zero Eigenvalues, and community detection as determined by four different algorithms. We then tested how these properties change as additional edges – representing data that may have been missed – are added to the networks. We found substantial variation in how robust different properties were to the missing data. For example, the Clauset-Newman-Moore and Louvain community detection algorithms showed much more gradual change as edges were added than the label propagation and Girvan-Newman algorithms did, suggesting that the former are more robust. Robustness also varied for some metrics based on interaction type. These results provide a foundation for selecting network properties to use when analyzing messy ecological network data. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Anthropogenic