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EPDTNet + -EM: Advanced Transfer Learning and SubNet Architecture for Medical Image Diagnosis

Cognitive Computation 2025年第2期17卷 1-22页

作者： K, Dhivya K, Sangamithrai S, Indra Priyadharshini M, Vedaraj Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Tamilnadu Kattankulathur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R & d Institute of Science and Technology Tamilnadu Chennai India School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering R.M.D. Engineering College RSM Nagar Tamilnadu Kavaraipettai Thiruvallur601206 India

This paper presents a novel medical imaging framework, Efficient Parallel Deep Transfer SubNet+-based Explainable Model (EPDTNet + -EM), designed to improve the detection and classification of abnormalities in medical images. The model integrates Enhanced Exponential Transfer Learning (En-ETL) and the Parallel SubNet (PSNet +) architecture, addressing challenges like overfitting, high computational cost, and limited generalization across complex datasets. En-ETL accelerates learning and enhances precision, while PSNet + balances computational efficiency and performance through parallel convolutional layers and an axis attention mechanism. The proposed framework preprocesses medical images using resizing, noise removal, and contrast enhancement, ensuring high-quality inputs for analysis. For classification, the PSNet + model categorizes medical images into normal and abnormal cases. Explainable AI (XAI) is applied to highlight key features in classified images, improving interpretability and clinical decision-making. Experimental results validate the framework on various datasets, including MRI, CT, X-ray, and mammography images. The proposed model achieves a classification accuracy of 98.83%, a false positive rate of 2%, and an execution time of 5.3 ms. Comparative Analysis show superior performance over existing approaches in classification accuracy and efficiency. Ablation studies confirmed the significant contributions of the proposed model using each component in enhancing performance. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Transfer learning

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Deep learning and machine learning based highly accurate reflection prediction model for multi layers anti-reflection coatings

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Optical and Quantum electronics 2025年第1期57卷 1-22页

作者： Oktay, Semih Duru, İremnur Bakır, Halit Tabaru, Timuçin Emre Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering Sivas University of Science and Technology Sivas Turkey Computer Engineering Department Sivas University of Science and Technology Sivas Turkey

This study focuses on creating an accurate reflection prediction model that will guide the design of filters with multilayer Anti-Reflection Coating (ARC) to optimize the thickness parameters using Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques. This model aims to shed light on the design process of a multilayer optical filter, making it more cost-effective by providing faster and more precise production. In creating this model, a dataset containing data obtained from 3000 (1500 Ge–Al2O3, 1500 Ge–SiO2) simulations previously performed on a computer based on the thicknesses of multilayer structural materials was used. The data are generated using Computational Electromagnetic simulation software based on the Finite-Difference Time-Domain method. To understand the mechanism of the proposed model, two different two-layer coating simulations were studied. While Ge was used as the substrate in both coatings, Al2O3 and SiO2 were used as the second layers. The data set consists of the 3–5 µm and 8–12 µm bands typical for the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) bands and includes reflectance values for wavelengths ranging between these spectra. In the specified 2-layer data set, the average reflectance was obtained with a minimum of 0.36 at 515 nm Ge and 910 nm SiO2 thicknesses. This value can be increased by adapting the proposed model to more than 2 layers. Six ML algorithms and a DL model, including artificial neural networks and convolutional neural networks, are evaluated to determine the most effective approach for predicting reflectance properties. Furthermore, in the proposed model, a hyperparameter tuning phase is used in the study to compare the efficiency of ML and DL methods to generate dual-band ARC and maximize the prediction accuracy of the DL algorithm. To our knowledge, this is the first time this has been implemented in this field. The results show that ML models, particularly decision tree (MSE: 0.00000069, RMSE: 0.00083), rand

关键词： Antireflection coatings

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An FPGA Prototype for Parkinson’s Disease Detection using Machine Learning on Voice Signal

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 91113-91128页

作者： Khan, Mujeev Moiz, Abdul Khan, Gani Nawaz Wajid, Mohd Usman, Mohammed Ali, Jabir Z.H.C.E.T. Aligarh Muslim University Department of Electronics Engineering India Bennett University Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering India Bennett University School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology India

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurological disorder caused by a reduction in dopamine levels in the brain. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. This paper proposes an efficient machine learning model for PD detection using voice-based features, which offer a non-invasive, cost-effective, and accessible alternative to complex imaging methods. To enhance classification performance and reduce computational complexity, we evaluate three feature selection algorithms—Chi-squared (χ2), Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR), and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) — and adopt an incremental feature selection approach, where each feature set increment is assessed across five classifiers: K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Decision Tree (DT), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Logistic Regression (LR), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). To address dataset imbalance, the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) is applied. Among the evaluated approaches, the ANOVA algorithm yields the most optimal feature set, with the top 10 features enabling the Quadratic SVM to achieve a classification accuracy of 98.86%. The Quadratic SVM, optimized for minimal power consumption, is implemented on a Nexys A7 FPGA. This setup achieves a dynamic power consumption of just 23 mW and delivers a performance acceleration of 155× compared to equivalent computations on a 6th-generation Intel i5 processor. By combining a high-accuracy machine learning model with an energy-efficient FPGA implementation, our approach offers a powerful and portable solution for real-time PD detection. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Neurodegenerative diseases

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A QoS-aware routing approach for Internet of Things-enabled wireless sensor networks in smart cities

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第17期84卷 17951-17977页

作者： Karunkuzhali, D. Meenakshi, B. Lingam, Keerthi Department of Information Technology Panimalar Engineering College Chennai India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Sri Sairam Engineering College Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Gitam University Visakhapatnam India

In the Internet of Things (IoT), optimizing machine performance through data analysis and improved connectivity is pivotal. Addressing the growing need for environmentally friendly IoT solutions, we focus on "green IoT." Quality in smart cities heavily relies on efficient data gathering and communication. In this study, we propose a novel software architecture tailored for data collection and communication in IoT-enabled smart applications, emphasizing sustainability from the outset. Specifically, for smart cities utilizing IoT-enabled wireless sensor networks, we introduce a Quality of Service (QoS)-aware routing strategy. In the data collection phase, we employ Chaotic Bird Swarm Optimization (CBSO) for creating IoT sensor clusters, accompanied by Improved Differential Search (IDS) to assess the reliability of individual sensor nodes, ultimately designating the most trusted node as the Cluster Head (CH). In the data transport phase, we implement lightweight signcryption to enhance the security of IoT sensor data. Furthermore, we employ an Optimal Data Routing (ODM) approach to compute the most efficient data transmission paths between source and destination nodes within the IoT network. Finally, the performance of our QoS-aware routing strategy is evaluated through network simulations using NS2 and compared against existing approaches, offering valuable insights into its effectiveness and suitability for smart city IoT applications. The main findings of the study indicate that the proposed QoS-aware routing strategy (QOS-AWARE ROUTING) consistently outperforms existing routing algorithms in terms of energy efficiency, network longevity, and latency, both in scenarios with varying sensor node density and over multiple cycles. Additionally, it demonstrates significant advantages, such as up to 90.8% less energy consumption, 66.8% longer network lifespan, and 80.1% reduced latency when compared to the benchmarked methods. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to S

关键词： Internet of things

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A two-stage CNN model for the classification and severity analysis of retinal and choroidal diseases in OCT images

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International Journal of Intelligent Networks 2024年第1期5卷 10-18页

作者： George, Neetha Shine, Linu N, Ambily Abraham, Bejoy Ramachandran, Sivakumar Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology Kottayam Kerala India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering College of Engineering Trivandrum Kerala India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Government Engineering College Idukki Kerala India Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering Muttathara Kerala Thiruvananthapuram India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Government Engineering College Wayanad Kerala India

The advancements in medical imaging techniques have brought exponential increase in the quantity and complexity of data which often require human expertise for interpretation and decision making. However, in real-world clinical settings, there is often a shortage of experts available for timely diagnosis and triage. An automated diagnostic technique aids clinicians in the precise diagnosis and effective management of diseases. In this article, a two-stage classification model using convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed for the classification and severity analysis of retinal and choroidal diseases in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. The proposed model can identify abnormal conditions such as Pachychoroid disorders, macular edema, and Drusen. The images are initially classified into four categories-healthy, Drusen, Pachychoroid and macular edema classes. The severity of Pachychoroid conditions, including central serous chorioretinopathy, polypoid choroidal vasculopathy, and choroidal neovascularization, is subsequently determined through a second-level classification. A modified version of the VGG16 architecture is used for the initial classification. A fine-tuned CNN with the same architecture is then employed to determine the severity of Pachychoroid diseases. Further, we make use of the UNet architecture for assessing the severity of macular edema. The proposed hybrid approach for classification and analysis achieved promising results, demonstrating consistency on par with human experts in diagnosing and grading ocular diseases. © 2024

关键词： Optical tomography

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An Advanced Encryption Algorithm for Enhancing Data Security in Cloud Computing

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Recent Advances in Electrical and Electronic engineering 2025年第5期18卷 623-636页

作者： Anandh, R. Swaminathan, A. Jadhav, Swati Dhondiram Valarmathi, P. Gopinath, N. Tiwari, Kanchan S. Computer Science and Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology Avadi Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Business Systems Panimalar Engineering College Poonamallee Chennai India Department of Computer Engineering Keystone School of Engineering Maharashtra Pune India Computer Science and Engineering B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Modern Education Society’s Wadia College of Engineering Pune India

Aim: Cloud computing (CC) is a revolutionary new archetype in which users pool their computing resources to provide greater efficiency for everyone. Data become increasingly vulnerable to diverse security threats from attackers when millions of users circulate the same network for data transmission. Protecting these reports has shifted to the vanguard of priorities. The existing data security approach prioritizes protecting data at rest in cloud storage but gives less thought to protecting data in transit. During transmission, the data are vulnerable to intrusion attempts. Methods: The third-party auditor is provided access to data during the transfer phase, which is also the current pattern. As the attacker can now pose as a trusted third party, it makes the data more susceptible to unauthorized access. However, growing concerns regarding data privacy and security have made outsourcing sensitive information to faraway data centers difficult. As a result, new security concerns in the cloud necessitate an improved version of the tried-and-true advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm. Key aspects presented in this study include a secure and private framework for owner data. It improves upon the 128 AES technique by adding a second round of encryption using a different key, allowing for a throughput of 1000 blocks per second. However, the standard method uses a single round key and only 800 blocks per second. The suggested approach reduces energy consumption, improves load distribution, and optimizes network trust and resource management. Results: The proposed architecture allows for the use of AES with cipher lengths of 16, 32, 64, and 128 bytes. The effectiveness of the algorithm in terms of attaining target quality metrics is illustrated graphically via simulation results. This strategy reduces power consumption by 13.23%, network utilization by 12.43%, and delay by 16.53%, according to the outcomes. Conclusion: As a result, the recommended architecture enhance

关键词： Sensitive data

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Square Binary Patterns: A Non-Circular Approach for Local Binary Patterns

IAENG International Journal of Computer Science

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IAENG International Journal of computer science 2025年第6期52卷 1616-1626页

作者： Putra, Muhammad Ardi Harjoko, Agus Wahyono Jo, Kanghyun Department of Computer Science and Electronics Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia Department of Computer Science and Electronics Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Ulsan Ulsan Korea Republic of

Local Binary Patterns (LBP) is one of many image features suitable for enhancing textures within an image. Despite its popularity, this feature as well as its variants actually still has some drawbacks: requiring the use of bilinear interpolation mechanism which leads to a computational bottleneck, being unable to capture macrostructures, and being prone to noise. The objective of this research is to propose a novel image feature named Square Binary Patterns (SBP) which is intended to solve the mentioned problems. Experiments were conducted using four texture datasets, namely KTH-TIPS, KTH-TIPS2-b, ALOT, and the texture dataset we created on our own. The existing LBP-based features including LBPriu2, LBPu2, LBPri, MS-LBP, LTP, FbLBP and ILBP are directly compared with SBP. The quality of these features is obtained by observing the classification accuracy of separate SVM models. The classifier which produces higher accuracy implies that its corresponding feature contains a more important information regarding the textures. Experimental results showed that our best-performing SBP variant was able to work 2.98 times faster than the conventional LBP while at the same time capable of producing accuracy comparable to that of the existing LBP-based features. This paper makes a significant contribution through the introduction of the SBP algorithm and the creation of a novel texture dataset. © (2025), (International Association of Engineers). All rights reserved.

关键词： Feature Selection

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Sawtooth-enhanced bend sensor for gesture recognition

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science China(Technological sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 1727-1736页

作者： BAI YanRu ZHANG ZiHang WANG HaoYu GUO Rui LI XiSheng School of Automation and Electrical Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China School of Advanced Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin300072China School of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China

Gesture recognition has diverse application prospects in the field of human-computer ***,gesture recognition devices based on strain sensors have achieved remarkable results,among which liquid metal materials have considerable advantages due to their high tensile strength and *** improve the detection sensitivity of liquid metal strain sensors,a sawtooth-enhanced bending sensor is proposed in this *** with the results from previous studies,the bending sensor shows enhanced resistance *** addition,combined with machine learning algorithms,a gesture recognition glove based on the sawtooth-enhanced bending sensor is also fabricated in this study,and various gestures are accurately *** the fields of human-computer interaction,wearable sensing,and medical health,the sawtooth-enhanced bending sensor shows great potential and can have wide application prospects.

关键词： liquid metal bending sensor gesture recognition machine learning

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Cyber Security Challenges and Effective Security Measures for IOT-based Intelligent Healthcare Systems

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Recent Advances in Electrical and Electronic engineering 2025年第6期18卷 735-747页

作者： Somnathe, Abhijit T. Gopinath, N. Deena, G. Anandh, R. Kumar, Santosh Tiwari, Kanchan S. Electronics and Telecommunication Smt Kashibai Navale College of Engineering Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune India Computer Science and Engineering B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Ramapuram Chennai India Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India Electrical and Electronics Engineering Gaya College of Engineering Bihar India Electronics and Telecommunication Modern Education Society’s Wadia College of Engineering Pune India

Aims and Background: In order to keep up with the rapid development of technology, cities must enhance their offerings in the areas of public security, medical care, transportation, and citizen well-being. Healthcare systems rely heavily on patient care. Patients' life and the services offered by doctors, nurses, clinicians, pharmaceutical companies, and governments stand to benefit from the implementation of Healthcare IoT. There has been a change in the medical industry, marked by the widespread adoption of wireless healthcare-monitoring-systems (HMS) in hospitals. Methodology: However, the Internet-of-Things (IoT) concept frequently ignores security-privacy for linked things. Security and privacy protections must be implemented systematically throughout the entire healthcare and remote health monitoring system, from the creation of equipment to their interconnection, communication, storage, and eventual destruction. This research investigates the risks associated with using smart health devices and provides recommendations for addressing those risks. The present security and privacy of IoT devices in healthcare systems, as well as the difficulties in adopting security frameworks, are discussed, and recommendations for addressing these issues are offered. Results: This study also contributes in two ways to the ongoing effort to investigate securityprivacy concerns in the circumstance of smart cities for healthcare purposes. Conclusion: Moreover, this article provides a summary of the many Internet of Things applications and the cyber threats they face. On the other hand, thorough assessments of methods to reduce cyber threats to 60% are presented. © 2025 Bentham science Publishers.

关键词： Cyber attacks

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Optimized graph transformer with molecule attention network based multi class attack detection framework for enhancing privacy and security in WSN

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第15期84卷 14273-14304页

作者： Anoop, M. Mary, L. William Wilson, Allan J. Kiran, W.S. Department of Computer Science and Application SRM Institute of Science and Technology Ramapuram campus Chennai600089 India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Amrita College of Engineering and Technology Nagercoil India

In today's rapidly evolving network landscape, cybersecurity has become increasingly crucial. However, wireless sensor networks face unique challenges due to their limited resources and diverse composition, high computational demands, diminished accuracy rates, making them susceptible to a wide array of cyber threats. To tackle these challenges, this research introduced a novel method known as Optimized Graph Transformer with Molecule Attention Network (OGTMAN) on the fusion of Secure Multi-party Computation (SMC) and differential privacy aimed at enhancing privacy and security. This approach starts with data preprocessing, employing min–max normalization to address dataset imbalances. N-Tuple Contrastive Learning with Generative transformer(N-TCLG)feature extractor distinguish between different classes of data instances and effectively learns representations that capture relevant information about network traffic patterns Further, feature selection by enhanced chi-square statistics with kepler algorithm, is utilized to assess the significance of each feature in characteristic between normal network behavior and malicious activities further refines the feature selection method by optimizing the selection criteria based on the statistical properties of the dataset. Finally, the proposed OGTMAN classifies various attacks based on their behavioural patterns with the help of enhanced ant aphid optimization with adaptive step factor. Ultimately, this fine-tuning yield superior model training outcomes, resulting more accurate attack classification outcomes. To evaluate the effectiveness of this approach, datasets encompassing with KDD Cup 99 datasets are employed. The efficiency of the introduced method is demonstrated when compared with prevailing attack detection methods in terms of accuracy, recall, precision and F-measure of 99.98%, 99.5%.,99.9% and 99.5% respectively. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer N

关键词： Molecules

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