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48th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2023

作者： Zhang, Qiquan Zhu, Hongxu Song, Qi Qian, Xinyuan Ni, Zhaoheng Li, Haizhou University of New South Wales School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications Australia National University of Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Singapore Alibaba Group China Meta United States The Chinese University of HongKong Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data School of Data Science Shenzhen China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728163277

The use of Transformer represents a recent success in speech enhancement. However, as its core component, self-attention suffers from quadratic complexity, which is computationally prohibited for long speech recordings. Moreover, it allows each time frame to attend to all time frames, neglecting the strong local correlations of speech signals. This study presents a simple yet effective sparse self-attention for speech enhancement, called ripple attention, which simultaneously performs fine- and coarse-grained modeling for local and global dependencies, respectively. Specifically, we employ local band attention to enable each frame to attend to its closest neighbor frames in a window at fine granularity, while employing dilated attention outside the window to model the global dependencies at a coarse granularity. We evaluate the efficacy of our ripple attention for speech enhancement on two commonly used training objectives. Extensive experimental results consistently confirm the superior performance of the ripple attention design over standard full self-attention, blockwise attention, and dual-path attention (Sep-Former) in terms of speech quality and intelligibility. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Speech enhancement

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EVALUATING CHATGPT AS A QUESTION ANSWERING SYSTEM: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON WITH EXISTING MODELS

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Bahak, Hossein Taheri, Farzaneh Zojaji, Zahra Kazemi, Arefeh Big Data Research Group University of Isfahan Isfahan Iran Big Data Research Group Faculty of Computer Engineering University of Isfahan Isfahan Iran

In the current era, a multitude of language models has emerged to cater to user inquiries. Notably, the GPT-3.5 Turbo language model has gained substantial attention as the underlying technology for ChatGPT. Leveraging extensive parameters, this model adeptly responds to a wide range of questions. However, due to its reliance on internal knowledge, the accuracy of responses may not be absolute. This article scrutinizes ChatGPT as a Question Answering System (QAS), comparing its performance to other existing QASs. The primary focus is on evaluating ChatGPT’s proficiency in extracting responses from provided paragraphs, a core QAS capability. Additionally, performance comparisons are made in scenarios without a surrounding passage. Multiple experiments, exploring response hallucination and considering question complexity, were conducted on ChatGPT. Evaluation employed well-known Question Answering (QA) datasets, including SQuAD, NewsQA, and PersianQuAD, across English and Persian languages. Metrics such as F-score, exact match, and accuracy were employed in the assessment. The study reveals that, while ChatGPT demonstrates competence as a generative model, it is less effective in question answering compared to task-specific models. Providing context improves its performance, and prompt engineering enhances precision, particularly for questions lacking explicit answers in provided paragraphs. ChatGPT excels at simpler factual questions compared to "how" and "why" question types. The evaluation highlights occurrences of hallucinations, where ChatGPT provides responses to questions without available answers in the provided context. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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A Hybrid Marine Predator Algorithm for Thermal-aware Routing Scheme in Wireless Body Area Networks

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Journal of Bionic engineering 2023年第1期20卷 81-104页

作者： Tao Hai Jincheng Zhou Mohammad Masdari Haydar Abdulameer Marhoon School of Computer and Information Qiannan Normal University for NationalitiesDuyun558000GuizhouChina Key Laboratory of Complex Systems and Intelligent Optimization of Guizhou Duyun558000GuizhouChina Institute for Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence(IBDAAI) Universiti Teknologi MARA40450Shah AlamSelangorMalaysia Department of Computer Engineering Islamic Azad UniversityUrmia BranchUrmiaIran Information and Communication Technology Research Group Scientific Research CenterAl-Ayen UniversityThi-QarIraq College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology University of KerbalaKarbalaIraq

Thermal-aware routing protocols in WBANs consider temperature factors in the routing process for preventing overheating of the tissues surrounding the sensor ***,providing an energy-efficient and thermal-aware routing in WBANs is a challenging *** deal with this problem,this article presents a novel temperature-aware routing protocol that applies Mamdani-based Fuzzy Logic Controllers(FLCs)for selecting the next forwarding node in routing data *** FLCs apply five important input factors such as the priority of the packet,and sensor node's remaining energy,temperature,distance,and link path ***,a new hybrid version of the Marine Predator Algorithm(MPA),named MPAOA is presented by combining the exploration and exploitation phases of the MPA and Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm(AOA).This algorithm is effectively applied for selecting the best possible set of fuzzy rules for FLCs and tuning their fuzzy *** experiments conducted in the Castalia simulator exhibit that the proposed temperature and priority-aware routing scheme can outperform other well-known routing schemes such as LATOR,TTRP,TAEO,ATAR,and EOCC-TARA in terms of metrics such as sensor nodes lifetime,the average temperature of the sensor nodes,and the percentage of the packets routed through non-overheated ***,it is shown that the MPAOA outperforms other algorithms such as Bat Algorithm(BA),Genetic Algorithm(GA),AOA,and MPA regarding the specified metrics.

关键词： WBANs Multi-hop routing Temperature Priority Fuzzy logic Bio-inspiration

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Artificial intelligence for modelling infectious disease epidemics

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Nature 2025年第8051期638卷 623-635页

作者： Kraemer, Moritz U. G. Tsui, Joseph L.-H. Chang, Serina Y. Lytras, Spyros Khurana, Mark P. Vanderslott, Samantha Bajaj, Sumali Scheidwasser, Neil Curran-Sebastian, Jacob Liam Semenova, Elizaveta Zhang, Mengyan Unwin, H. Juliette T. Watson, Oliver J. Mills, Cathal Dasgupta, Abhishek Ferretti, Luca Scarpino, Samuel V. Koua, Etien Morgan, Oliver Tegally, Houriiyah Paquet, Ulrich Moutsianas, Loukas Fraser, Christophe Ferguson, Neil M. Topol, Eric J. Duchêne, David A. Stadler, Tanja Kingori, Patricia Parker, Michael J. Dominici, Francesca Shadbolt, Nigel Suchard, Marc A. Ratmann, Oliver Flaxman, Seth Holmes, Edward C. Gomez-Rodriguez, Manuel Schölkopf, Bernhard Donnelly, Christl A. Pybus, Oliver G. Cauchemez, Simon Bhatt, Samir Pandemic Sciences Institute University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Biology University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA United States UCSF UC Berkeley Joint Program in Computational Precision Health Berkeley CA United States Division of Systems Virology Department of Microbiology and Immunology The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Section of Epidemiology Department of Public Health University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Oxford Vaccine Group University of Oxford and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Oxford United Kingdom Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Computer Science University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom School of Mathematics University of Bristol Bristol United Kingdom MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis School of Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Statistics University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Doctoral Training Centre University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Institute for Experiential AI Northeastern University MA Boston Thailand Santa Fe Institute Santa Fe NM United States World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa Brazzaville Congo WHO Hub for Pandemic and Epidemic Intelligence Health Emergencies Programme World Health Organization Berlin Germany Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI) School for Data Science and Computational Thinking Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa African Institute for Mathematical Sciences (AIMS) South Africa Muizenberg Cape Town South Africa Genomics England London United Kingdom Scripps Research La Jolla CA United States Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering ETH Zürich Basel Switzerland Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Lausanne Switzerland The Ethox Centre Nuffield

Infectious disease threats to individual and public health are numerous, varied and frequently unexpected. Artificial intelligence (AI) and related technologies, which are already supporting human decision making in economics, medicine and social science, have the potential to transform the scope and power of infectious disease epidemiology. Here we consider the application to infectious disease modelling of AI systems that combine machine learning, computational statistics, information retrieval and data science. We first outline how recent advances in AI can accelerate breakthroughs in answering key epidemiological questions and we discuss specific AI methods that can be applied to routinely collected infectious disease surveillance data. Second, we elaborate on the social context of AI for infectious disease epidemiology, including issues such as explainability, safety, accountability and ethics. Finally, we summarize some limitations of AI applications in this field and provide recommendations for how infectious disease epidemiology can harness most effectively current and future developments in AI. © Springer Nature Limited 2025.

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Social media enabled human sensing for smart cities

Social media enabled human sensing for smart cities

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作者： Doran, Derek Severin, Karl Gokhale, Swapna Dagnino, Aldo Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kno.e.sis Research Center Wright State University DaytonOH45435 United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Connecticut StorrsCT United States Industrial Software Systems Data Analytics Group ABB Corporate Research RaleighNC United States

Smart city initiatives rely on real-time measurements and data collected by a large number of heterogenous physical sensors deployed throughout a city. Physical sensors, however, are fraught with interoperability, dependability, management and political challenges. Furthermore, these sensors are unable to sense the opinions and emotional reactions of citizens that invariably impact smart city initiatives. Yet everyday, millions of dwellers and visitors of a city share their observations, thoughts, feelings and experiences, or in other words, their perceptions about their city through social media updates. This paper reasons why human sensors, namely, citizens that share information about their surroundings via social media can supplement, complement, or even replace the information measured by physical sensors. We present a methodology based on probabilistic language modeling to extract and visualize such perceptions that may be relevant to smart cities from social media updates. Using more than six million geo-tagged tweets collected over regions that feature widely varying geographical, social, cultural and political characteristics and tweet densities, we illustrate the potential of social media enabled human sensing to address diverse smart city challenges. © 2016 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Social networking (online)

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RIVER: Reconfigurable flow and fabric for real-time signal processing on FPGAs

RIVER: Reconfigurable flow and fabric for real-time signal p...

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作者： Brugger, Christian Hillenbrand, Dominic Balzer, Matthias Microelectronic Systems Design Research Group University of Kaiserslautern Germany Green Computing Systems Research and Development Center Department of Computer Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo Japan Institute for Data Processing and Electronics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany

For high-performance embedded hard-real-time systems, ASICs and FPGAs hold advantages over generalpurpose processors and graphics accelerators (GPUs). However, developing signal processing architectures from scratch requires significant resources. Our design methodology is based on sets of configurable building blocks that provide storage, dataflow, computation, and control. Based on our building blocks, we generate hundreds of thousands of our dynamic streaming engine processors that we call DSEs. We store our DSEs in a repository that can be queried for (online) design space exploration. From this repository, DSEs can be downloaded and instantiated within milliseconds on FPGAs. If a loss of flexibility can be tolerated then ASIC implementations are feasible as well. In this article we focus on FPGA implementations. Our DSEs vary in cores, computational lanes, bitwidths, power consumption, and frequency. To the best of our knowledge we are the first to propose online design space exploration based on repositories of precompiled cores that are assembled of common building blocks. For demonstration purposes we map algorithms for image processing and financial mathematics to DSEs and compare the performance to existing highly optimized signal and graphics accelerators. © 2014 ACM.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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Deploying DAPHNE Computational Intelligence on EuroHPC Vega for Benchmarking Randomised Optimisation Algorithms

Deploying DAPHNE Computational Intelligence on EuroHPC Vega ...

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International Conference on Broadband Communications for Next Generation Networks and Multimedia Applications (CoBCom)

作者： Aleš Zamuda Mark Dokter Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Maribor Maribor Slovenia KNOW-CENTER GmbH Research Center for Data-Driven Business & Big Data Analytics Graz Austria

ISBN: (数字)9798350388459

ISBN: (纸本)9798350388466

This paper presents a deployment of DAPHNE (Integrated data Analysis Pipelines for Large-Scale data Management, HPC and Machine Learning) for Computational Intelligence (CI). As CI progresses, e.g. through effort in human societies like the IEEE Computational Intelligence Society (CIS), the latest advances have become more widely popularized. Likewise, with the accessibility of supercomputing resources to advance CI, like with infrastructures such as EuroHPC machines including Vega, this paper demonstrates deployment of Randomised Optimisation Algorithms (ROAs) as a subset of CI algorithms, on EuroHPC Vega. As the Vega is a cluster of distributed nodes, a successful computation on several nodes at once in parallel and concurrently, requires an orchestrated deployment across the nodes, batched using Slurm in this paper. An example ROA benchmarking scenario is then presented in this scope.

关键词： data analysis Pipelines Clustering algorithms Text summarization Machine learning Benchmark testing Timing

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Adaptive event-triggered PID controllers for linear discrete-time plants

Adaptive event-triggered PID controllers for linear discrete...

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第三十九届中国控制会议

作者： Hao Yu Zhe Guan Tongwen Chen Toru Yamamoto Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta Data-Driven Smart Systems Collaborative Research Laboratory KOBELCO Construction Machinery Dream-Driven Co-Creation Research Center Hiroshima University Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University

This paper studies adaptive event-triggered PID controllers for 2nd-order linear discrete-time plants for set-point tracking. A new adaptive law is designed by introducing a decay parameter to improve the robustness of the closed-loop *** utilizing the extra robustness, an absolute type of event-triggering conditions is proposed, where the threshold parameter is co-designed with the adaptive laws. Then, the closed-loop system is formulated into a nonlinear interconnected system among the tracking errors, the differences of outputs, and the parameter estimation errors. A rigorous proof of stability is provided to ensure that the tracking error converges to a vicinity of zero when the initial state belongs to some compact sets. Finally,numerical simulations are given to illustrate the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed results.

关键词： Adaptive control event-triggered control linear systems PID controllers

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Augmenting IoT Intrusion Detection System Performance Using Deep Neural Network

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 1351-1374页

作者： Nasir Sayed Muhammad Shoaib Waqas Ahmed Sultan Noman Qasem Abdullah M.Albarrak Faisal Saeed Department of Computer Science Islamia College PeshawarPeshawar25120Pakistan Department of Computer Science CECOS University of IT and Emerging SciencesPeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering HITEC University TaxilaTaxila47080Pakistan Computer Science Department College of Computer and Information SciencesImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh11432Saudi Arabia DAAI Research Group Department of Computing and Data ScienceSchool of Computing and Digital TechnologyBirmingham City UniversityBirminghamB47XGUK

Due to their low power consumption and limited computing power,Internet of Things(IoT)devices are difficult to ***,the rapid growth of IoT devices in homes increases the risk of *** detection systems(IDS)are commonly employed to prevent *** systems detect incoming attacks and instantly notify users to allow for the implementation of appropriate *** have been made in the past to detect new attacks using machine learning and deep learning techniques,however,these efforts have been *** this paper,we propose two deep learning models to automatically detect various types of intrusion attacks in IoT ***,we experimentally evaluate the use of two Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)to detect nine distinct types of attacks listed in the NF-UNSW-NB15-v2 *** accomplish this goal,the network stream data were initially converted to twodimensional images,which were then used to train the neural network *** also propose two baseline models to demonstrate the performance of the proposed ***,both models achieve high accuracy in detecting the majority of these nine attacks.

关键词： Internet of things intrusion detection system deep learning convolutional neural network supervised learning

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Innovations in Information and Communication Technologies 1

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丛书名： Algorithms for Intelligent Systems

1000年

作者： Deepak Garg Neeraj Kumar Rahat Iqbal Suneet Gupta

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