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7th Annual Conference on Evolutionary Programming, EP 1998

作者： Kosiński, Witold Weigl, Martyna Michalewicz, Zbigniew Division of Optical and Computer Methods in Mechanics Institute of Fundamental Technological Research Pofish Academy of Sciences Warsaw00-049 Poland Department of Computer Science University of North Carolina CharlotteNC28223 United States Institute of Computer Science Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw01-237 Poland

ISBN: (纸本)3540648917

Many interesting and important problems related to the analysis of large numerical data can be formulated as a problem of approximating a function from a set of sample points. Any approximation method should provide minimum error at the given data samples and also should approximate values for other points of the function's domain. In this paper a method leading to clustering of multidimensional large numerical data is proposed. The method uses a problem-specific evolutionary algorithm which partitions the data space into clusters and forms membership functions of the fuzzy sets involved in the premise parts of the fuzzy rules. The proposed algorithm has a two-stage hierarchial organization. For the first stage, an evolutionary algorithm is used, where an individual in the population represents a cluster of data samples. Three specialized operators are defined to operate on such individuals. During the second stage, a greedy algorithm is used for finding a near-optimum covering. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1998.

关键词： Evolutionary algorithms

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Grapheme generation in learning to read english words 12th

Grapheme generation in learning to read english words

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12th Biennial Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AI 1998

作者： Ling, Charles X. Zhang, Bei Department of Computer Science The University of Western Ontario LondonONN6A 5B7 Canada Foreign Language Teaching and Research Section Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai200336 China

ISBN: (纸本)3540645756

A learning system for a more complete process of learning to read aloud English words should consist of three major steps: alignment, mapping learning, and grapheme generation. In a previous paper, we discussed a basic alignment algorithm and several improvements that effectively accomplish the alignment and mapping learning simultaneously. In this paper, we focus mainly on grapheme generation. We present several criteria for constructing graphemes, and demonstrate that graphemes generated improve the predictive accuracy in learning to read aloud. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1998.

关键词： Mapping

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Transversal Graphs in Plan Merging and Related Problems

Transversal Graphs in Plan Merging and Related Problems

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第三届运筹学及其应用国际研讨会

作者： Martin Middendorf Vadim G.Timkovsky Institute for Applied Computer Science and Formal Description Methods University of Karlsruhe Star Data Systems Inc. 30 Wellington St.W.Suite 300P.O.Box 283Commerce Court South P.S.TorontoOntario M5L 1G1Canadaand Department of Computer Science & SystemsMcMaster University1280 Main St.W.HamiltonOntario L8S 4K1Canada

This paper introduces transversal graphs for plans(acyclic directed graphs with labeled vertices) and shows how to reduce various super- and subsequence problems on plans to searching paths in the transversal *** the concept of transversal graphs for sets of strings and the concept of maximal independent set graphs for plans, the transversal graphs for plans allow to solve a wider class of problems in plan merging,project planning,precedence constrained scheduling, manufacturing systems design and DNA sequencing.

关键词： Transversal Graphs in Plan Merging and Related Problems

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A logical framework for graph theoretical decision tree learning 7th

A logical framework for graph theoretical decision tree lear...

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7th International Workshop on Inductive Logic Programming, ILP 1997

作者： Geibel, Peter Wysotzki, Fritz Methods of Artificial Intelligence Computer Science Department Technical University Berlin Sekr. Fr 5-8 Franklinstr. 28/29 BerlinD-10587 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)3540635149

We present a logical approach to graph theoretical learning that is based on using alphabetic substitutions for modelling graph morphisms. A classified graph is represented by a definite clause that possesses variables of the sort node for representing nodes and atoms for representing the edges. In contrast to the standard logical semantics, different node variables are assumed to denote different objects. The use of an alphabetical subsumption relation (α-subsumption) implies that the least generalization of clauses (α-generalization) has different properties than Plotkin's least generalization (gg). We present a method for constructing optimal α-generalizations from Plotkin's least generalization. The developed framework is used in the relational decision tree algorithm TRITOP. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1997.

关键词： Decision trees

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Parallel algorithms for treewidth two 23rd

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23rd International Workshop on Graph-Theoretic Concepts in computer science WG 1997

作者： de Fluiter, Babette Bodtaender, Hans L. Centre for Quantitative Methods P.O. Box 414 Eindhoven5600 AK Netherlands Department of Computer Science Utrecht University P.O. Box 80.089 Utrecht3508 TB Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)3540637575

In this paper we present a parallel algorithm that decides whether a graph G has treewidth at most two, and if so, constructs a tree decomposition or path decomposition of minimum width of G. The algorithm uses O(n) operations and O(log n log* n) time on an EREW PRAM, or O(log n) time on a CRCW PRAM. The algorithm makes use of the resemblance between series-parallel graphs and partial two-trees. It is a (non-trivial) extension of the parallel algorithm for series-parallel graphs that is presented in [6]. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1997.

关键词： Parallel algorithms

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The limitations of decision trees and automatic learning in real world medical decision making

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Journal of Medical Systems 1997年第6期21卷 403-415页

作者： Zorman, Milan Štiglic, Milojka Molan Kokol, Peter Malčić, Ivan Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 2000 Maribor Smetanova 17 Slovenia Maribor Teaching Hospital Department of Pediatric Surgery 2000 Maribor Ljubljanska 2 Slovenia Klinicki Bolnicki Centar Rebro Klinika za Djecje Bolesti Zagreb Kispaticeva 12 Croatia

The decision tree approach is one of the most common approaches in automatic learning and decision making. The automatic learning of decision trees and their use usually show very good results in various 'theoretical' environments. But in real life it is often impossible to find the desired number of representative training objects for various reasons. The lack of possibilities to measure attribute values, high cost and complexity of such measurements, and unavailability of all attributes at the same time are the typical representatives. For this reason we decided to use the decision trees not for their primary task-the decision making-but for outlining the most important attributes. This was possible by using a well-known property of the decision trees-their knowledge representation, which can be easily understood by humans. In a delicate field of medical decision making, we cannot allow ourselves to make any inaccurate decisions and the 'tips,' provided by the decision trees, can be of a great assistance. Our main interest was to discover a predisposition to two forms of acidosis: the metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis, which can both have serious effects on child's health. We decided to construct different decision trees from a set of training objects. Instead of using a test set for evaluation of a decision tree, we asked medical experts to take a closer look at the generated trees. They examined and evaluated the decision trees branch by branch. Their comments show that trees generated from the available training set mainly have surprisingly good branches, but on the other hand, for some, no medical explanation could be found.

关键词： Automatic learning Decision tree

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Intelligent support for the neuroimaging

Intelligent support for the neuroimaging

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Annual IEEE Symposium on computer-Based Medical Systems

作者： B. Novak G. Bunc Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Maribor Maribor Slovenia Department of Neurosurgery Teaching Hospital of Ljubljanas Medical School Maribor Ljubljana Slovenia

Neuroimaging provides a neurosurgeon with the most important information about pathology concerning a particular patient. The amount of such information is enormous and is still growing with the introduction of new equipment. The problem is the choice of the exact details of interest from this huge amount of information, how to make it more visible, and how to store it etc. in order to enable the physician to make better and quicker decisions about exact diagnosis and localization of the pathology for further medical interventions. In such cases computer based intelligent support can help a physician to acquire more important information from X-ray images. This is very important for drawing proper conclusions and taking appropriate action. The authors are developing a prototype of a computer based intelligent support for neuroimaging (CBISN). Some practical examples are presented.

关键词： Neuroimaging Histograms Biomedical imaging Medical diagnostic imaging Pathology Neurosurgery Decision making Physics computing Prototypes Image storage

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Influence of human engineering on manning levels and human performance on ships

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 67-76页

作者： Anderson, DE Oberman, FR Malone, TB Baker, CC David E. Anderson:has a bachelor of science degree in environmental engineering from Florida Technological University and a master's degree in environmental engineering from the University of Central Florida. He is a graduate of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Engineer-In-Training (EIT) Program. Mr. Anderson was instrumental in introducing the collective protection system (CPS) in the U.S. Navy developing the initial forward-fit package for the USS Gunston Hall and the engineering change proposal (ECP) for the USS Wasp. In 1990 he joined the Human Systems Integration (HSI) Division (SEA 55W5) where he was task leader for auxiliary ships. He is currently the HSI manager for the future technology variant of the SeaLift ship and the future carrier. Association of Scientists and Engineers 33rdAnnual Technical Symposium 26 April 1996. Fred R. Oberman:has B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Chicago and Loyola University (experimental psychology) and an M.S. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). He has more than 30 years experience in HSI management planning research analysis design and testing in government and private sector positions. He is currently responsible for NavSea HSI generic research and tool development efforts. He is responsible for Human Engineering Specifications and Standards (Commercial Hypertext) and is the NavSea 03D7 representative on HSI in Performance Specifications and for integration of HSI within Integrated Logistic Support (ILS). He has served as DoD HSI SubTAG chair and member of the Simulation and Modeling Test and Evaluation Display and Control Systems Human Computer Interaction Specifications and Standards and Systems Design Sub Tags as a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) Systems Safety Panel and a member of NATO RSG 14 on man-machine analysis. Thomas B. Malone: CHFEP received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is president of Carlow

The objectives of Human Engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval Research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine Technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.

关键词： Human engineering

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The informed professor: Clinical instruction of breast disease diagnosis and management 3rd

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3rd International Conference on computer Aided Learning and Instruction in science and Engineering, CALISCE 1996

作者： Rahilly, Timothy J. Saroyan, Alenoush Greer, Jim Lajoie, Susanne P. Breuleux, Alain Azevedo, Roger Fleiszer, David Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology McGill University Canada Centre for University Teaching and Learning McGill University Canada Department of Computer Science University of Saskatchewan Canada McGill University Canada Montréal General Hospital Canada

ISBN: (纸本)3540614915

This paper describes a learning environment in the domain of breast disease and discusses some of the issues in designing a system cooperatively with content, pedagogical, and computer programming experts. The environment uses curricular content, presented in a non-linear fashion, from third and fourth year medical school;all aspects of the curriculum are available simultaneously to enhance the integration of declarative and procedural knowledge necessary in skilled clinical performance. The system represents an interactive, authentic environment where learners construct knowledge, develop higher order cognitive skills such as diagnosis, reasoning, and decision making, apply knowledge and skills, interact with patients, and receive appropriate feedback. The design of the learning environment is based on the theory of cognitive apprenticeship, thus the type and level of information and feedback provided by the system is dependent up on the learner's input. The system also allows learners to evaluate themselves by comparing their actions and decisions to those of experts in the field. The collaboration of experts from different disciplines in designing this environment has resulted in a greater degree of sophistication in ways in which the project has been conceptualized and reified. By focusing all experts on the learning goals of the environment and by cooperatively assisting each type of expert to extend their knowledge of the other areas, we have been able to create a system that incorporates the key theoretical principles from each area. The result is a learning environment that emphasizes meaningful learning of knowledge and skills that learners can apply when they are confronted with similar situations in the real world. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1996.

关键词： Decision making

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An intelligent tutoring system for malaria based on the health-2000 large-scale integrated expert system

An intelligent tutoring system for malaria based on the heal...

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13th International Congress on Medical Informatics Europe, MIE 1996

作者： Boyom, S.F. Kwankam, S.Y. Kouam, L. Asoh, D.A. Kouokam, F.G. Department of Computer Sciences Faculty of Science University of Yaounde I France Center for Health Technology School of Engineering University of Yaounde I United States University Teaching Hospital University of Yaounde I France

ISBN: (纸本)9051992785

In response to the need for converting diagnostic systems into intelligent tutoring systems, we have developed a futuristic tool to assist in the training of doctors, nurses, health technicians and pharmacists. It is part of an integrated hospital information system, christened Health-2000, which combines a system for medical diagnosis and a system for fault diagnosis among its many features. The main function of the intelligent tutoring system is to provide training in two main areas: the development and use of tutorial software aimed at improving health care, and how to combat malaria. To achieve these objectives, we build on the INFOCOR methodology and the Hypercard Guide for tutorial software development. We simulate the learning environment of the user through lessons and tests, to help build his/her capacity for medical decision making. The system also instructs medical experts on proper use of available tools in the development of tutorial software in their areas of expertise. As to the specific disease covered, malaria is an easy choice. The disease attacks more than 270 million people worldwide, and is the most widespread and most devastating of tropical diseases, causing one to two million deaths per year. © The authors 1996.

关键词： computer aided instruction

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