The development of public transportation is considered a vital issue in reducing traffic as well as urban pollution. City buses play an important role in the city transportation system. In Iran, due to the high averag...
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This paper proposes a coordinated frequency control scheme for emergency frequency regulation of isolated power systems with a high penetration of wind *** proposed frequency control strategy is based on the novel non...
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This paper proposes a coordinated frequency control scheme for emergency frequency regulation of isolated power systems with a high penetration of wind *** proposed frequency control strategy is based on the novel nonlinear regulator theory,which takes advantage of nonlinearity of doubly fed induction generators(DFIGs)and generators to regulate the frequency of the power *** deviations and power imbalances are used to design nonlinear feedback controllers that achieve the reserve power distribution between generators and DFIGs,in various wind speed *** effectiveness and dynamic performance of the proposed nonlinear coordinated frequency control method are validated through simulations in an actual isolated power grid.
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)has already proven to be an effective multiple access scheme for5th Generation(5G)wireless *** provides improved performance in terms of system throughput,spectral efficiency,fairne...
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Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)has already proven to be an effective multiple access scheme for5th Generation(5G)wireless *** provides improved performance in terms of system throughput,spectral efficiency,fairness,and energy efficiency(EE).However,in conventional NOMA networks,performance degradation still exists because of the stochastic behavior of wireless *** combat this challenge,the concept of Intelligent Reflecting Surface(IRS)has risen to prominence as a low-cost intelligent solution for Beyond 5G(B5G)*** this paper,a modeling primer based on the integration of these two cutting-edge technologies,i.e.,IRS and NOMA,for B5G wireless networks is *** in-depth comparative analysis of IRS-assisted Power Domain(PD)-NOMA networks is provided through 3-fold ***,a primer is presented on the system architecture of IRS-enabled multiple-configuration PD-NOMA systems,and parallels are drawn with conventional network configurations,i.e.,conventional NOMA,Orthogonal Multiple Access(OMA),and IRS-assisted OMA *** by this,a comparative analysis of these network configurations is showcased in terms of significant performance metrics,namely,individual users'achievable rate,sum rate,ergodic rate,EE,and outage ***,for multi-antenna IRS-enabled NOMA networks,we exploit the active Beamforming(BF)technique by employing a greedy algorithm using a state-of-the-art branch-reduceand-bound(BRB)*** optimality of the BRB algorithm is presented by comparing it with benchmark BF techniques,i.e.,minimum-mean-square-error,zero-forcing-BF,and ***,we present an outlook on future envisioned NOMA networks,aided by IRSs,i.e.,with a variety of potential applications for 6G wireless *** work presents a generic performance assessment toolkit for wireless networks,focusing on IRS-assisted NOMA *** comparative analysis provides a solid foundation for the dev
This paper presents a dual-band implantable antenna with coaxial probe feeding for wireless biotelemetry applications. The antenna features spiral patches, resulting in a compact size of 27 × 14 × 1.6 mm3. I...
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Safe, socially compliant, and efficient navigation of low-speed autonomous vehicles (AVs) in pedestrian-rich environments necessitates considering pedestrians' future positions and interactions with the vehicle an...
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Safe, socially compliant, and efficient navigation of low-speed autonomous vehicles (AVs) in pedestrian-rich environments necessitates considering pedestrians' future positions and interactions with the vehicle and others. Despite the inevitable uncertainties associated with pedestrians' predicted trajectories due to their unobserved states (e.g., intent), existing deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms for crowd navigation often neglect these uncertainties when using predicted trajectories to guide policy learning. This omission limits the usability of predictions when diverging from ground truth. This work introduces an integrated prediction and planning approach that incorporates the uncertainties of predicted pedestrian states in the training of a model-free DRL algorithm. A novel reward function encourages the AV to respect pedestrians' personal space, decrease speed during close approaches, and minimize the collision probability with their predicted paths. Unlike previous DRL methods, our model, designed for AV operation in crowded spaces, is trained in a novel simulation environment that reflects realistic pedestrian behaviour in a shared space with vehicles. Results show a 40% decrease in collision rate and a 15% increase in minimum distance to pedestrians compared to the state of the art model that does not account for prediction uncertainty. Additionally, the approach outperforms model predictive control methods that incorporate the same prediction uncertainties in terms of both performance and computational time, while producing trajectories closer to human drivers in similar scenarios. IEEE
As modern communication technology advances apace,the digital communication signals identification plays an important role in cognitive radio networks,the communication monitoring and management *** has become a promi...
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As modern communication technology advances apace,the digital communication signals identification plays an important role in cognitive radio networks,the communication monitoring and management *** has become a promising solution to this problem due to its powerful modeling capability,which has become a consensus in academia and ***,because of the data-dependence and inexplicability of AI models and the openness of electromagnetic space,the physical layer digital communication signals identification model is threatened by adversarial *** examples pose a common threat to AI models,where well-designed and slight perturbations added to input data can cause wrong ***,the security of AI models for the digital communication signals identification is the premise of its efficient and credible *** this paper,we first launch adversarial attacks on the end-to-end AI model for automatic modulation classifi-cation,and then we explain and present three defense mechanisms based on the adversarial *** we present more detailed adversarial indicators to evaluate attack and defense ***,a demonstration verification system is developed to show that the adversarial attack is a real threat to the digital communication signals identification model,which should be paid more attention in future research.
This study investigates robot path planning for multiple agents,focusing on the critical requirement that agents can pursue concurrent pathways without *** agent is assigned a task within the environment to reach a de...
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This study investigates robot path planning for multiple agents,focusing on the critical requirement that agents can pursue concurrent pathways without *** agent is assigned a task within the environment to reach a designated *** the map or goal changes unexpectedly,particularly in dynamic and unknown environments,it can lead to potential failures or performance degradation in various ***,priority inheritance plays a significant role in path planning and can impact *** study proposes a ConflictBased Search(CBS)approach,introducing a unique hierarchical search mechanism for planning paths for multiple *** study aims to enhance flexibility in adapting to different *** scenarios were tested,and the accuracy of the proposed algorithm was *** the first scenario,path planning was applied in unknown environments,both stationary and mobile,yielding excellent results in terms of time to arrival and path length,with a time of 2.3 *** the second scenario,the algorithm was applied to complex environments containing sharp corners and unknown obstacles,resulting in a time of 2.6 s,with the algorithm also performing well in terms of path *** the final scenario,the multi-objective algorithm was tested in a warehouse environment containing fixed,mobile,and multi-targeted obstacles,achieving a result of up to 100.4 *** on the results and comparisons with previous work,the proposed method was found to be highly effective,efficient,and suitable for various environments.
The permanent magnet (PM) Vernier machines enhance torque density and decrease cogging torque compared to conventional permanent magnet synchronous motor. This paper presents a novel fractional-slot H-shaped PM Vernie...
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In this paper,we propose an observer-based algorithm for balancing the state-of-charge(SoC)among battery units in a battery energy storage system(BESS).The dynamical behaviour of a battery unit is approximated by an e...
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In this paper,we propose an observer-based algorithm for balancing the state-of-charge(SoC)among battery units in a battery energy storage system(BESS).The dynamical behaviour of a battery unit is approximated by an equivalent circuit model,based on which a nonlinear SoC observer can be *** distribution laws are designed for the battery units according to the states of the battery units,the average battery state,and the average power *** estimation algorithms for the average battery state and the average power demand,as well as SoC observers,are constructed to implement *** BESS is shown to achieve SoC balancing among all its battery units while satisfying the power demand,as long as mild conditions on the underlying communication network and on the power demand are *** results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Integration of phase-change materials(PCMs)created a unique opportunity to implement reconfigurable photonics devices that their performance can be tuned depending on the target *** PCMs such as Ge-Sb-Te(GST)and Ge-Sb...
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Integration of phase-change materials(PCMs)created a unique opportunity to implement reconfigurable photonics devices that their performance can be tuned depending on the target *** PCMs such as Ge-Sb-Te(GST)and Ge-Sb-Se-Te(GSST)rely on melt-quench and high temperature annealing processes to change the organization of the molecules in the materials’*** a reorganization leads to different optical,electrical,and thermal properties which can be exploited to implement photonic memory cells that are able to store the data at different resistance or optical transmission *** the great promise of conventional PCMs for realizing reconfigurable photonic memories,their slow and extremely power-hungry thermal mechanisms make scaling the systems based on such devices *** addition,such materials do not offer a stable multi-level response over a long period of *** address these shortcomings,the research carried out in this study shows the proof of concept to implement next-generation photonic memory cells based on two-dimensional(2D)birefringence PCMs such as SnSe,which offer anisotropic optical properties that can be switched *** demonstrate that by leveraging the ultrafast and low-power crystallographic direction change of the material,the optical polarization state of the input optical signal can be *** enables the implementation of next-generation high-speed polarization-encodable photonic memory cells for future photonic computing *** to the conventional PCMs,the proposed SnSe-based photonic memory cells offer an ultrafast switching and low-loss optical response relying on ferroelectric property of SnSe to encode the data on the polarization state of the input optical *** a polarization encoding scheme also reduces memory read-out errors and alleviates the scalability limitations due to the optical insertion loss often seen in optical transmission encoding.
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