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arXiv 2023年

作者： Yao, Shanle Ardabili, Babak Rahimi Pazho, Armin Danesh Noghre, Ghazal Alinezhad Neff, Christopher Bourque, Lauren Tabkhi, Hamed Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of North Carolina at Charlotte United States Public Policy Program University of North Carolina at Charlotte 9201 University City Blvd CharlotteNC28223 United States

This article adopts and evaluates an AI-enabled Smart Video Solution (SVS) designed to enhance safety in the real world. The system integrates with existing infrastructure camera networks, leveraging recent advancements in AI for easy adoption. Prioritizing privacy and ethical standards, pose based data is used for downstream AI tasks such as anomaly detection. Cloud-based infrastructure and mobile app are deployed, enabling real-time alerts within communities. The SVS employs innovative data representation and visualization techniques, such as the Occupancy Indicator, Statistical Anomaly Detection, Bird’s Eye View, and Heatmaps, to understand pedestrian behaviors and enhance public safety. Evaluation of the SVS demonstrates its capacity to convert complex computer vision outputs into actionable insights for stakeholders, community partners, law enforcement, urban planners, and social scientists. This article presents a comprehensive real-world deployment and evaluation of the SVS, implemented in a community college environment across 16 cameras. The system integrates AI-driven visual processing, supported by statistical analysis, database management, cloud communication, and user notifications. Additionally, the article evaluates the end-to-end latency from the moment an AI algorithm detects anomalous behavior in real-time at the camera level to the time stakeholders receive a notification. The results demonstrate the system’s robustness, effectively managing 16 CCTV cameras with a consistent throughput of 16.5 frames per second (FPS) over a 21-hour period and an average end-to-end latency of 26.76 seconds between anomaly detection and alert issuance. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Anomaly detection

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Rethinking Training for De-biasing Text-to-Image Generation: Unlocking the Potential of Stable Diffusion

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Kim, Eunji Kim, Siwon Park, Minjun Entezari, Rahim Yoon, Sungroh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence Seoul National University Korea Republic of Stability AI United Kingdom AIIS ASRI INMC ISRC Seoul National University Korea Republic of

Recent advancements in text-to-image models, such as Stable Diffusion, show significant demographic biases. Existing debiasing techniques rely heavily on additional training, which imposes high computational costs and risks of compromising core image generation functionality. This hinders them from being widely adopted to real-world applications. In this paper, we explore Stable Diffusion’s overlooked potential to reduce bias without requiring additional training. Through our analysis, we uncover that initial noises associated with minority attributes form "minority regions" rather than scattered. We view these "minority regions" as opportunities in SD to reduce bias. To unlock the potential, we propose a novel de-biasing method called ‘weak guidance,’ carefully designed to guide a random noise to the minority regions without compromising semantic integrity. Through analysis and experiments on various versions of SD, we demonstrate that our proposed approach effectively reduces bias without additional training, achieving both efficiency and preservation of core image generation functionality. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Digital elevation model

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Instance Segmentation of Damaged Insulators for Power System Inspection and Maintenance

Instance Segmentation of Damaged Insulators for Power System...

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Decision Aid Sciences and Application (DASA), International Conference on

作者： Jovencio Merin Alvin Sarraga Alon Joel Pinkihan Ricky C. Sandil Michael Angelo Delos Santos Ligayo Ryan Flores Arago Rovenson Sevilla Christopher Cunanan Dept. of Electrical Engineering Technological University of the Philippines Manila Philippines Department of Trade and Industry Center for AI Research Makati City Philippines College of Computing Sciences Ifugao State University Ifugao Philippines College Preparatory Program Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia College of Engineering Quezon City University Quezon City Philippines Department of Electrical Engineering Technological University of the Philippines Manila Philippines Christopher Franco Cunanan Computer Engineering Department Bulacan State University Bulacan Philippines

ISBN: (数字)9798350369106

ISBN: (纸本)9798350369113

This paper introduces a novel approach for power system inspection using Mask-RCNN, an advanced model for instance segmentation. The accuracy of our model in identifying and diagnosing damaged low- to medium-voltage insulators is exceptional, as evidenced by its Mean Average Precision (mAP) score of 98.7 % • Throughout the training process, the model exhibited minimal loss metrics, indicating its proficiency in predicting bounding boxes precisely, segmenting, classifying, and aligning masks. The model exhibited consistent reliability in distinguishing between undamaged and damaged components during the inference process, as seen by its consistently high detection rates for both “normal intact” and “damaged broken” insulators. The results demonstrate the practical usefulness of the model and offer promising prospects for enhancing power system maintenance and inspection protocols. The model's consistent and accurate identification of damaged insulators has the potential to significantly enhance the safety and efficiency of power systems, thereby revolutionizing the industry.

关键词： Measurement Training Accuracy Medium voltage Inspection Predictive models Insulators Maintenance Power system reliability Safety

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Challenges of measuring spin Seebeck noise

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Physical Review B 2024年第10期109卷 104429-104429页

作者： Renjie Luo Xuanhan Zhao Tanner J. Legvold Liyang Chen Changjiang Liu Deshun Hong Anand Bhattacharya Douglas Natelson Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Applied Physics Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont Illinois 60439 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA

Just as electronic shot noise in driven conductors results from the granularity of charge and the statistical variation in the arrival times of charge carriers, there are predictions for fundamental noise in magnon currents due to angular momentum being carried by discrete excitations. The inverse spin Hall effect as a transduction mechanism to convert spin current into charge current raises the prospect of experimental investigations of such magnon shot noise. Spin Seebeck effect measurements have demonstrated the electrical detection of thermally driven magnon currents and have been suggested as an avenue for accessing spin current fluctuations. Using spin Seebeck structures made from yttrium iron garnet on gadolinium gallium garnet, we demonstrate the technical challenges inherent in such noise measurements. While there is a small increase in voltage noise in the inverse spin Hall detector at low temperatures associated with adding a magnetic field, the dependence on field orientation implies that this is not due to magnon shot noise. We describe theoretical predictions for the expected magnitude of magnon shot noise, highlighting ambiguities that exist. Further, we show that magnon shot noise detection through the standard inverse spin Hall approach is likely impossible due to geometric factors. Implications for future attempts to measure magnon shot noise are discussed.

关键词： Spin Seebeck effect Spin current Magnetic insulators Noise measurements

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Spectral Extremal Connectivity of Two-State Seizure Brain Waves

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Talento, Mara Sherlin D. Richards, Jordan Pinto-Orellana, Marco Huser, Raphael Ombao, Hernando C. Statistics Program Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science & Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology 23955 - 6900 Saudi Arabia Neuro-AI Laboratory Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science & Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology 23955 - 6900 Saudi Arabia School of Mathematics Maxwell Institute for Mathematical Sciences University of Edinburgh EdinburghEH9 3FD United Kingdom Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California Irvine92697 United States

Coherence analysis plays a vital role in the study of functional brain connectivity. However, coherence captures only linear spectral associations, and thus can produce misleading findings when ignoring variations of connectivity in the tails of the distribution. This limitation becomes important when investigating extreme neural events that are characterized by large signal amplitudes. The focus of this paper is to examine connectivity in the tails of the distribution, as this reveals salient information that may be overlooked by standard methods. We develop a novel notion of spectral tail association of periodograms to study connectivity in the network of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals of seizure-prone neonates. We further develop a novel non-stationary extremal dependence model for multivariate time series that captures differences in extremal dependence during different brain phases, namely burst-suppression and non-burst-suppression. One advantage of our proposed approach is its ability to identify tail connectivity at key frequency bands that could be associated with outbursts of energy which may lead to seizures. We discuss these novel scientific findings alongside a comparison of the extremal behavior of brain signals for epileptic and non-epileptic patients. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Electroencephalography

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Downstream Task Performance of Pre-Trained Model For Outdoor Audio Event Classification

Downstream Task Performance of Pre-Trained Model For Outdoor...

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International Conference of Signal Processing and Intelligent Systems (ICSPIS)

作者： Theresia Herlina Rochadiani Yaya Heryadi Ilvico Sonata Lukas Wawan Suparta BINUS Graduate Program- Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia Cognitive Engineering Research Group Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya Jakarta Indonesia Department of Electrical Engineering Institut Teknologi Nasional Yogyakarta Yogyakarta Indonesia

Our surroundings’ auditory landscapes are a wealth of knowledge, providing insights into a range of outdoor pursuits. The automatic classification of these actions using audio event detection and classification (AEDC) systems has a great deal of potential applications in environmental monitoring, security, surveillance, and driverless cars. Even though AEDC has advanced significantly in indoor settings, difficulties still exist outside because of the variable and changing acoustic conditions brought on by elements like the weather, different sound sources, and ambient noise from traffic and industry. This study suggests an outdoor audio event categorization model based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The suggested model shows passable accuracy by utilizing adaptation to the downstream task using the ESC-50 dataset and transfer learning from a pre-trained model. The effectiveness of multi-class audio classification models in downstream tasks is analyzed in this paper, with an emphasis on the effect of an increasing number of output classes on accuracy. Three models—three, four, and five classes—with different output class configurations are used in the study, and their training and validation accuracies are assessed. Although the accuracy scores above 80% are commendable, the data show a discernible reduction in performance as the number of classes rises. Notably, the three-class model attains a validation accuracy exceeding 90%, whereas the four-class and five-class models exhibit reduced accuracies, falling below 90% and 85%, respectively.

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A Large Reservoir Computing Forecasting Method Based on Randomized Fuzzy Cognitive Maps

A Large Reservoir Computing Forecasting Method Based on Rand...

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IEEE Workshop on Evolving and Adaptive Intelligent Systems (EAIS)

作者： Omid Orang Fabricio J. Erazo-Costa Petrônio C. L. Silva Guilherme de Alencar Barreto Frederico Gadelha Guimarães Department of Computer Science Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Federal Institute of Northern Minas Gerais Januária Campus Brazil Department of Teleinformatics Engineering Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798350366235

ISBN: (纸本)9798350366242

This paper introduces a novel forecastings technique based on randomized fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM), called LRHFCM (or large reservoir of randomized high-order FCM) for predicting univariate time series. LR-HFCM is a hybrid method combining fuzzy time series (FTS), FCMs, and reservoir computing. It is a type of echo state network (ESN) consisting of the input layer, intermediate (or large reservoir) layer, and output layer, where LASSO regression is applied to train the output layer. The novelty of this approach is that the internal layer includes a very large reservoir, considering different combinations from the sets of concepts and order using a certain number of sub-reservoirs to capture different dynamics of input time series. It is important to highlight that the weights within each sub-reservoir are chosen randomly and remain constant throughout the training process. The validity of the LR-HFCM approach is evaluated across 15 different time series datasets. The results highlight the outperformance of the LR-HFCM technique in comparison to various baseline models.

关键词： Training Adaptation models Adaptive systems Computational modeling Time series analysis Fuzzy cognitive maps Reservoirs

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Solar Charging Dock for Personal Electric Vehicles

Solar Charging Dock for Personal Electric Vehicles

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Renewable Energy and Hydrogen Technologies (GlobConHT), IEEE IAS Global Conference on

作者： Zachary Bleam N. Durham Adel El-Shahat Hala M. Abdel Mageed Samu Blitch Zain Mirza Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Southern University Statesboro GA USA Energy Program School of Engineering Technology Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA High Voltage Department National Institute of Standards (NIS) Giza Egypt

Electric Vehicles (EV s) such as e-bikes, e-scooters, and e-skateboards become the most popular Eco-friendly personal modes of transportation in the United States. These EVs are mostly recharged via the power grid's stations. Grid power is generated through multiple means including hydroelectric, thermal, solar, and wind. Even with using EVs to reduce the dangerous effects of fuel burning, there is a real need to take major steps towards green charging approaches. Charging EVs through renewable energy resources is maximizing the ecologically friendly potentials. The aim of this work is to provide a green and sustainable charging system for personal electric vehicles. Hence, a solar-powered charging dock has been built and controlled by an Arduino Mega 2560 adding to a Raspberry Pi 4. Subsequently, solar panel tracker linear actuator has been applied to be integrated with the installed dock solar panel tracking system for delivering maximum precision while operating. To get economic and reliable dock, it has been constructed from wood.

关键词： Renewable energy sources Wind Green products Transportation Wind power generation Electric vehicles Software

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Effect of Periodic Poling on Self-phase Modulation in Thin-film Lithium Niobate Waveguides

Effect of Periodic Poling on Self-phase Modulation in Thin-f...

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Frontiers in Optics, FiO 2022

作者： Gül, Gamze Abdelsalam, Kamal Fathpour, Sasan Lee, Kim F. Kanter, Gregory S. Kumar, Prem Graduate Program in Applied Physics Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road EvanstonIL60208 United States CREOL The College of Optics and Photonics University of Central Florida OrlandoFL32816 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Central Florida OrlandoFL32816 United States Center for Photonic Communication and Computing Dept. of Electrical and Computer Eng. Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States

We study self-phase modulation of sub-picosecond telecom wavelength pulses in partially periodically poled thin-film lithium niobate waveguides. We experimentally and computationally investigate the effect of phase mi... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528209

关键词： Thin films

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Performance Analysis of Interleaved Bidirectional DC-DC Converters for Battery Control in Islanded Microgrid

Performance Analysis of Interleaved Bidirectional DC-DC Conv...

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IEEE General Meeting Power& Energy Society

作者： Lindemberg Roberto de Lima Pedro A. de Alcântara Luana C. S. Soares Camila M. V. Barros Luciano S. Barros Mathematics and Computational Modeling Graduate Program João Pessoa Brazil Electrical Engineering Graduate Program Federal University of Paraíba João Pessoa Brazil Computer Systems Department Federal University of Paraíba João Pessoa Brazil

In this paper, considering photovoltaic/battery sourced microgrids with grid-forming droop control in the load interface converter for power management, two alternative converter topologies for the battery are tested: dual boost interleaved converter and three-phase interleaved converter. These topologies are based on the conventional bidirectional buckboost converter and their employment is to allow a reduction in component sizing, improvement in power quality, and higher output voltage. Analysis of the operation of these converters in different operation modes of the microgrid is carried out, including battery normal charging, battery normal discharging, battery charging limit, and maximum state-of-charge, through simulations in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Results suggest advantages such as reduced stress on switches and battery charging current ripple for the two interleaved converters tested and the potential implementation of higher output voltage for the dual boost converter.

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