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Cavity-agnostic acoustofluidic manipulations enabled by guided flexural waves on a membrane acoustic waveguide actuator

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第2期10卷 153-171页

作者： Philippe Vachon Srinivas Merugu Jaibir Sharma Amit Lal Eldwin J.Ng Yul Koh Joshua E.-Y.Lee Chengkuo Lee Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Institute of Microelectronics Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore SonicMEMS Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA School of Electrical and Data Engineering University of Technology SydneyUltimoNSWAustralia

This article presents an in-depth exploration of the acoustofluidic capabilities of guided flexural waves(GFWs)generated by a membrane acoustic waveguide actuator(MAWA).By harnessing the potential of GFWs,cavity-agnostic advanced particle manipulation functions are achieved,unlocking new avenues for microfluidic systems and lab-on-a-chip *** localized acoustofluidic effects of GFWs arising from the evanescent nature of the acoustic fields they induce inside a liquid medium are numerically investigated to highlight their unique and promising *** traditional acoustofluidic technologies,the GFWs propagating on the MAWA’s membrane waveguide allow for cavity-agnostic particle manipulation,irrespective of the resonant properties of the fluidic ***,the acoustofluidic functions enabled by the device depend on the flexural mode populating the active region of the membrane *** demonstrations using two types of particles include in-sessile-droplet particle transport,mixing,and spatial separation based on particle diameter,along with streaming-induced counter-flow virtual channel generation in microfluidic PDMS *** experiments emphasize the versatility and potential applications of the MAWA as a microfluidic platform targeted at lab-on-a-chip development and showcase the MAWA’s compatibility with existing microfluidic systems.

关键词： waveguide fluid cavity

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An asymmetrical multilevel inverter with minimum voltage stress and fewer components for photovoltaic renewable-energy system

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Clean Energy 2024年第1期8卷 1-22页

作者： Rabail Memon Mukhtiar Ahmed Mahar Abdul Sattar Larik Syed Asif Ali shah Department of Electrical Engineering Mehran University of Engineering and TechnologyJamshoroPakistan

The enhanced power quality provided by multilevel inverters(MLIs)has made them more appropriate for medium-and high-power applications,including photovoltaic ***,a prevalent limitation involves the necessity for numerous switches and increased voltage stress across these switches,consequently increasing the overall system *** address these challenges,a new 17-level asymmetrical MLI with fewer components and low voltage stress is proposed for the photovoltaic *** innovative MLI configuration has four direct current(DC)sources and 10 *** on the trinary sequence,the proposed topology uses photovoltaics with boost converters and fuzzy logic controllers as its DC *** equations are used to calculate cru-cial parameters for this proposed design,including total standing voltage per unit(TSVPU),cost function per level(CF/L),component count per level(CC/L)and voltage stress across the *** comparison is conducted by considering switches,DC sources,TSVPU,CF/L,gate driver circuits and CC/L with other existing MLI *** analysis is carried out under various conditions,encompassing different levels of irradiance,variable loads and modulation *** reduce the total harmonic distortion of the suggested topology,the phase opposition disposition approach has been *** suggested framework is simulated in MATLAB®/Simulink®.The results indicate that the proposed topology achieves a well-distributed stress profile across the switches and has CC/L of 1.23,TSVPU of 5 and CF/L of 4.58 and 5.76 with weight coefficients of 0.5 and 1.5,*** values are not-ably superior to those of existing MLI *** results demonstrate that the proposed topology maintains a consistent output at varying irradiance levels with FLCs and exhibits robust performance under variable loads and diverse modulation ***,the total harmonic distortion achieved with phase opposition disposi

关键词： asymmetrical multilevel inverter photovoltaic system renewable energy component count per level cost function per level total standing voltage per unit phase opposition disposition technique

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Highly-efficient(>70%)and Wide-spectral(400-1700 nm)sub-micron-thick InGaAs photodiodes for future high-resolution image sensors

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第12期13卷 3224-3235页

作者： Dae-Myeong Geum Jinha Lim Junho Jang Seungyeop Ahn SeongKwang Kim Joonsup Shim Bong Ho Kim Juhyuk Park Woo Jin Baek Jaeyong Jeong SangHyeon Kim School of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)Daejeon 34141Republic of Korea Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Inha UniversityIncheon 22212Republic of Korea

This paper demonstrates the novel approach of sub-micron-thick InGaAs broadband photodetectors(PDs)designed for high-resolution imaging from the visible to short-wavelength infrared(SWIR)*** approaches encounter challenges such as low resolution and crosstalk issues caused by a thick absorption layer(AL).Therefore,we propose a guided-mode resonance(GMR)structure to enhance the quantum efficiency(QE)of the InGaAs PDs in the SWIR region with only sub-micron-thick *** TiOx/Au-based GMR structure compensates for the reduced AL thickness,achieving a remarkably high QE(>70%)from 400 to 1700 nm with only a 0.98μm AL InGaAs PD(defined as 1μm AL PD).This represents a reduction in thickness by at least 2.5 times compared to previous results while maintaining a high ***,the rapid transit time is highly expected to result in decreased electrical *** effectiveness of the GMR structure is evident in its ability to sustain QE even with a reduced AL thickness,simultaneously enhancing the transit *** breakthrough offers a viable solution for high-resolution and low-noise broadband image sensors.

关键词： thick resolution image

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IRS-enabled NOMA communication systems:A network architecture primer with future trends and challenges

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第5期10卷 1503-1528页

作者： Haleema Sadia Ahmad Kamal Hassan Ziaul Haq Abbas Ghulam Abbas Muhammad Waqas Zhu Han Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications and Networking(TeleCoN)Research Center Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering and Technology(GIKI)Topi 23640Pakistan Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering GIKITopi 23640Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering College of Information TechnologyUniversity of Bahrain32028Bahrain School of Engineering Edith Cowan UniversityPerth WA6027Australia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of HoustonHoustonTX 77004USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kyung Hee UniversitySeoul 446-701South Korea

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)has already proven to be an effective multiple access scheme for5th Generation(5G)wireless *** provides improved performance in terms of system throughput,spectral efficiency,fairness,and energy efficiency(EE).However,in conventional NOMA networks,performance degradation still exists because of the stochastic behavior of wireless *** combat this challenge,the concept of Intelligent Reflecting Surface(IRS)has risen to prominence as a low-cost intelligent solution for Beyond 5G(B5G)*** this paper,a modeling primer based on the integration of these two cutting-edge technologies,i.e.,IRS and NOMA,for B5G wireless networks is *** in-depth comparative analysis of IRS-assisted Power Domain(PD)-NOMA networks is provided through 3-fold ***,a primer is presented on the system architecture of IRS-enabled multiple-configuration PD-NOMA systems,and parallels are drawn with conventional network configurations,i.e.,conventional NOMA,Orthogonal Multiple Access(OMA),and IRS-assisted OMA *** by this,a comparative analysis of these network configurations is showcased in terms of significant performance metrics,namely,individual users'achievable rate,sum rate,ergodic rate,EE,and outage ***,for multi-antenna IRS-enabled NOMA networks,we exploit the active Beamforming(BF)technique by employing a greedy algorithm using a state-of-the-art branch-reduceand-bound(BRB)*** optimality of the BRB algorithm is presented by comparing it with benchmark BF techniques,i.e.,minimum-mean-square-error,zero-forcing-BF,and ***,we present an outlook on future envisioned NOMA networks,aided by IRSs,i.e.,with a variety of potential applications for 6G wireless *** work presents a generic performance assessment toolkit for wireless networks,focusing on IRS-assisted NOMA *** comparative analysis provides a solid foundation for the dev

关键词： Intelligent reflecting surface Non-orthogonal multiple access 6G Beamforming Sum rate Energy efficiency

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Microgrids with day-ahead energy forecasting for efficient energy management in smart grids: hybrid CS-RERNN

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Australian Journal of electrical and Electronics engineering 2024年第3期21卷 213-227页

作者： Shirley, C.P. Pattar, Jagannath Kavitha Rani, P. Saini, Sumit Ranga, Jarabala Elangovan, D. Venkatakrishna Reddy, Ch. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Coimbatore India Department of Mechanical Engineering Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science Madanapalle India Department of M.Tech Computer Science and Engineering Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology Coimbatore India Department of Electrical Engineering School of Engineering & Technology Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh India Detartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Ramachandra College of Engineering Eluru India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Panimalar Engineering College Chennai India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Chaitanya Bharathi institute of technology Hyderabad India

By integrating smart grid technology with home energy management systems, households can monitor and optimise their energy consumption. This allows for more efficient use of energy resources, reducing waste and lowering energy bills. In this manuscript, a hybrid approach is proposed for smart grid home energy management with microgrids and day-ahead energy forecasts. The proposed control approach combines the Circle Search (CS) algorithm and Recalling-Enhanced Recurrent Neural Network (RERNN). Commonly it is named as CS-RERNN technique. The novelty of this paper is to optimise energy consumption and production within microgrids, thereby contributing to the overall efficiency of the smart grid system. The proposed method is used to reduce the electricity cost, peak-to-average ratio (PAR), and maximising consumer comfort. Energy management is performed based on the CS algorithm. A smart home connected to the external power grid (PG) is managed by the proposed method. Here, load demand is predicted by using RERNN. By then, the performance of the proposed method is implemented in MATLAB platform. The proposed method shows a high efficiency of 96%, and 22 $ of low electricity bill cost compared with other existing methods such as Particle swarm optimisation (PSO), Cuckoo search algorithm (CSA, and Border collie Optimisation (BCO). ©, Engineers Australia.

关键词： Energy utilization

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Formalization of the Telegrapher’s Equations using Higher-Order-Logic Theorem Proving

Journal of Applied Logics

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Journal of Applied Logics 2024年第2期11卷 197-236页

作者： Deniz, Elif Rashid, Adnan Hasan, Osman Tahar, Sofiène Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University MontrealQC Canada School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National University of Sciences and Technology Islamabad Pakistan

The telegrapher’s equations constitute a set of linear partial differential equations that establish a mathematical correspondence between the electrical current and voltage within transmission lines, taking into account factors, such as distance and time. These equations find wide applications in the design and analysis of various systems, including integrated circuits and antennas. This paper proposes the utilization of higher-order-logic theorem proving for a formal analysis of the telegrapher’s equations, also referred to as the transmission line equations. Specifically, we present a formal model of the telegrapher’s equations in both time and phasor domains. Subsequently, we employ the HOL Light theorem prover to formally verify the solutions of the telegrapher’s equations in the phasor domain. Furthermore, we established a connection between phasor and time-domain functions to formally verify the general solutions for the time-domain partial differential equations for the current and voltage in an electric transmission line. To demonstrate the practical effectiveness of our proposed formalization, we conduct a formal analysis of a terminated transmission line and its special cases, i.e., short-and open-circuited transmission lines commonly used in antenna design, by formally verifying the load impedance and the voltage reflection coefficient. © 2024, College Publications. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electric lines

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Adversarial attacks and defenses for digital communication signals identification

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第3期10卷 756-764页

作者： Qiao Tian Sicheng Zhang Shiwen Mao Yun Lin College of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbin150001China College of Information and Communication Engineering Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbin150000China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Auburn UniversityAuburnAL36849USA

As modern communication technology advances apace,the digital communication signals identification plays an important role in cognitive radio networks,the communication monitoring and management *** has become a promising solution to this problem due to its powerful modeling capability,which has become a consensus in academia and ***,because of the data-dependence and inexplicability of AI models and the openness of electromagnetic space,the physical layer digital communication signals identification model is threatened by adversarial *** examples pose a common threat to AI models,where well-designed and slight perturbations added to input data can cause wrong ***,the security of AI models for the digital communication signals identification is the premise of its efficient and credible *** this paper,we first launch adversarial attacks on the end-to-end AI model for automatic modulation classifi-cation,and then we explain and present three defense mechanisms based on the adversarial *** we present more detailed adversarial indicators to evaluate attack and defense ***,a demonstration verification system is developed to show that the adversarial attack is a real threat to the digital communication signals identification model,which should be paid more attention in future research.

关键词： Digital communication signals identification AI model Adversarial attacks Adversarial defenses Adversarial indicators

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A Review of State-of-the-art Flexible Power Point Tracking Algorithms in Photovoltaic Systems for Grid Support:Classification and Application

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第1期12卷 1-21页

作者： Mina Haghighat Mehdi Niroomand Hossein Dehghani Tafti Christopher D.Townsend Tyrone Fernando the Department of Electrical Engineering University of IsfahanIsfahanIran the Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawley WA 6009Australia

To maximize conversion efficiency,photovoltaic(PV)systems generally operate in the maximum power point tracking(MPPT)***,due to the increasing penetra tion level of PV systems,there is a need for more developed control functions in terms of frequency support services and voltage control to maintain the reliability and stability of the power ***,flexible active power control is a manda tory task for grid-connected PV systems to meet part of the grid ***,a significant number of flexible pow er point tracking(FPPT)algorithms have been introduced in the existing *** purpose of such algorithms is to real ize a cost-effective method to provide grid support functional ities while minimizing the reliance on energy storage *** paper provides a comprehensive overview of grid support functionalities that can be obtained with the FPPT control of PV systems such as frequency support and volt-var *** of these grid support functionalities necessitates PV sys tems to operate under one of the three control strategies,which can be provided with FPPT *** three control strate gies are classified as:①constant power generation control(CP GC),②power reserve control(PRC),and③power ramp rate control(PRRC).A detailed discussion on available FPPT algo rithms for each control strategy is also *** paper can serve as a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art FPPT algorithms that can equip PV systems with various grid support functionalities.

关键词： Maximum power point tracking(MPPT) flexi ble power point tracking(FPPT) power reserve control(PRC) power ramp rate control(PRRC) low voltage ride-through(LVRT) constant power generation(CPG)

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IoT and AI for smart agriculture in resource-constrained environments: challenges, opportunities and solutions

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Discover Internet of Things 2025年第1期5卷 1-27页

作者： Nawaz, Majid Babar, Muhammad Inayatullah Khan Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar Pakistan

Climate change is an undeniable reality with far-reaching and profound implications for agriculture and, subsequently, global food security. The highly vulnerable farming communities in underdeveloped and developing countries can overcome resource and capacity constraints with the help of technology, particularly the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), making agriculture smarter and more resilient to climate change. This work aims to enrich existing research on smart agriculture by focusing on its applicability in resource-constrained environments. In this context, it presents a detailed overview of the technologies enabling smart agriculture, highlights the challenges and opportunities for farming communities in developing countries, and proposes a framework for climate change-resilient smart agriculture. The framework is loosely based on McKinsey’s 7S model for change management, consisting of hard and soft elements that are defined and adapted for the desired context. The hard elements include IoT sensors, network communications, and data management and analysis using AI, whereas the soft elements consist of policies and regulations, capacity building measures, and a supportive developmental ecosystem. This novel approach has not been employed before in this context. Furthermore, the framework’s efficacy for environmental and crop growth monitoring is demonstrated through its implementation in a low-cost, open-source IoT system within a greenhouse using Edge-Cloud architecture. Here raw, extracted, and derived features are monitored to estimate irrigation requirements and crop maturity date. We conclude with an analysis of the results, recommendations for implementing climate change-resilient smart agriculture in resource-constrained environments, and the identification of areas for future research. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Smart agriculture

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Storing Freshwater Versus Storing Electricity in Power Systems with High Freshwater Electric Demand

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第2期12卷 323-333页

作者： Mubarak J.Al-Mubarak Antonio J.Conejo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Electrical Engineering Kuwait UniversityP.O.Box 5969Safat 13060Kuwait Department of Integrated Systems Engineering and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA IEEE

We consider a power system whose electric demand pertaining to freshwater production is high(high freshwater electric demand),as in the Middle East,and investigate the tradeoff of storing freshwater in tanks versus storing electricity in batteries at the day-ahead operation *** storing freshwater and storing electricity increase the actual electric demand at valley hours and decrease it at peak hours,which is generally beneficial in term of cost and ***,to what extent?We analyze this question considering three power systems with different generation-mix configurations,i.e.,a thermal-dominated mix,a renewable-dominated one,and a fully renewable *** generation-mix configurations are inspired by how power systems may evolve in different countries in the Middle *** production uncertainty is compactly modeled using chance *** draw conclusions on how both storage facilities(freshwater and electricity)complement each other to render an optimal operation of the power system.

关键词： Power system operation freshwater production and transportation coordination day-ahead scheduling

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