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Community detection on Euclidean random graphs ∗

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Abbe, Emmanuel Baccelli, François Sankararaman, Abishek Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Electrical Engineering Princeton University United States Department of Mathematics and ECE University of Texas Austin United States Department of ECE University of Texas Austin United States

We study the problem of community detection on Euclidean random geometric graphs where each vertex has two latent variables: a binary community label and a Rd valued location label which forms the support of a Poisson point process of intensity λ. A random graph is then drawn with edge probabilities dependent on both the community and location labels. In contrast to the stochastic block model (SBM) that has no location labels, the resulting random graph contains many more short loops due to the geometric embedding. We consider the recovery of the community labels, partial and exact, using the random graph and the location labels. We establish phase transitions for both sparse and logarithmic degree regimes, and provide bounds on the location of the thresholds, conjectured to be tight in the case of exact recovery. We also show that the threshold of the distinguishability problem, i.e., the testing between our model and the null model without community labels exhibits no phase-transition and in particular, does not match the weak recovery threshold (in contrast to the SBM). Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Location

Scattering of a short electromagnetic pulse from a Lorentz-Duffing film: Theoretical and numerical analysis

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Brio, Moysey Caputo, Jean-Guy Gwirtz, Kyle Liu, Jinjie Maimistov, Andrei Department of Mathematics University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States Laboratoire de Mathématiques INSA Rouen Normandie Saint-Etienne du Rouvray76801 France Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States Department of Mathematical Sciences Delaware State University DoverDE19901 United States Department of Solid State Physics and Nanostructures National Research Nuclear University Moscow Engineering Physics Institute Kashirskoe sh. 31 Moscow115409 Russia

We combine scattering theory, Fourier, traveling wave and asymptotic analyses together with numerical simulations to present interesting and practically useful properties of femtosecond pulse interaction with thin films. The dispersive material is described by a single resonance Lorentz model and its nonlinear extension with a cubic Duffing-type nonlinearity. A key feature of the Lorentz dielectric function is that its real part becomes negative between its zero and its pole, generating a forbidden region. We illustrate numerically the linear interaction of the pulse with the film using both scattering theory and Fourier analysis. Outside this region we show the generation of a sequence of pulses separated by round trips in the Fabry-Perot cavity due to multiple reflections. When the pulse spectrum is inside the forbidden region, we observe total reflection. Near the pole of the dielectric function, we demonstrate the slowing down of the pulse (group velocity tending to zero) in the medium that behaves as a high-Q cavity. We use the combination of analysis and simulations in the linear regime to validate the delta function approximation of the thin layer;this collapses the forbidden region to a single resonant point of the spectrum. We also study the single cycle pulse interaction with a thin film and show three distinct types of reflection: half-pulse, sinusoidal wave train and cosine wavelet. Finally we analyze the influence of a strong nonlinearity and observe that the film switches from reflecting to trasparent. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Thin films

The center problem for the Lotka reactions with generalized mass-action kinetics

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Boros, Balázs Hofbauer, Josef Regensburger, Georg Müller, Stefan Radon Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics Austrian Academy of Sciences Linz Austria Department of Mathematics University of Vienna Austria Institute for Algebra Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria

Chemical reaction networks with generalized mass-action kinetics lead to power-law dynamical systems. As a simple example, we consider the Lotka reactions and the resulting planar ODE. We characterize the parameters (positive coefficients and real exponents) for which the unique positive equilibrium is a center. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dynamical systems

A Tale of Three: Magnetic Fields along the Orion Integral-shaped Filament as Revealed by the JCMT BISTRO Survey

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Astrophysical Journal Letters 2024年第2期977卷 L31-L31页

作者： Wu, Jintai Qiu, Keping Poidevin, Frédérick Bastien, Pierre Liu, Junhao Ching, Tao-Chung Bourke, Tyler L. Ward-Thompson, Derek Pattle, Kate Johnstone, Doug Koch, Patrick M. Arzoumanian, Doris Lee, Chang Won Fanciullo, Lapo Onaka, Takashi Hwang, Jihye Le Gouellec, Valentin J.M. Soam, Archana Tamura, Motohide Tahani, Mehrnoosh Eswaraiah, Chakali Li, Hua-Bai Berry, David Furuya, Ray S. Coudé, Simon Kwon, Woojin Lin, Sheng-Jun Wang, Jia-Wei Hasegawa, Tetsuo Lai, Shih-Ping Byun, Do-Young Chen, Zhiwei Chen, Huei-Ru Vivien Chen, Wen Ping Chen, Mike Cho, Jungyeon Choi, Youngwoo Choi, Yunhee Choi, Minho Chrysostomou, Antonio Chung, Eun Jung Dai, Sophia Di Francesco, James Diep, Pham Ngoc Doi, Yasuo Duan, Hao-Yuan Duan, Yan Eden, David Fiege, Jason Fissel, Laura M. Franzmann, Erica Friberg, Per Friesen, Rachel Fuller, Gary Gledhill, Tim Graves, Sarah Greaves, Jane Griffin, Matt Gu, Qilao Han, Ilseung Hayashi, Saeko Hoang, Thiem Houde, Martin Inoue, Tsuyoshi Inutsuka, Shu-Ichiro Iwasaki, Kazunari Jeong, Il-Gyo Könyves, Vera Kang, Ji-Hyun Kang, Miju Karoly, Janik Kataoka, Akimasa Kawabata, Koji Kim, Shinyoung Kim, Mi-Ryang Kim, Kyoung Hee Kim, Kee-Tae Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Hyosung Kim, Gwanjeong Kirchschlager, Florian Kirk, Jason Kobayashi, Masato I.N. Kusune, Takayoshi Kwon, Jungmi Lacaille, Kevin Law, Chi-Yan Lee, Hyeseung Lee, Chin-Fei Lee, Sang-Sung Lee, Jeong-Eun Li, Dalei Li, Di Li, Guangxing Liu, Sheng-Yuan Liu, Tie Liu, Hong-Li Lu, Xing Lyo, A-Ran Mairs, Steve Matsumura, Masafumi Matthews, Brenda Moriarty-Schieven, Gerald Nagata, Tetsuya Nakamura, Fumitaka Nakanishi, Hiroyuki Ngoc, Nguyen Bich Ohashi, Nagayoshi Park, Geumsook Parsons, Harriet Peretto, Nicolas Priestley, Felix Pyo, Tae-Soo Qian, Lei Rao, Ramprasad Rawlings, Jonathan Rawlings, Mark Retter, Brendan Richer, John Rigby, Andrew Sadavoy, Sarah Saito, Hiro Savini, Giorgio Seta, Masumichi Sharma, Ekta Shimajiri, Yoshito Shinnaga, Hiroko Tang, Ya-Wen Tang, Xindi Thuong, Hoang Duc Tomisaka, Kohji Tram, Le Ngoc Tsukamoto, Yusuke Viti, Serena Wang, Hongchi Whitworth, School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Avenue Nanjing 210023 China Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics Nanjing University Ministry of Education Nanjing 210023 China Instituto de Astrofisíca de Canarias La Laguna Canary Islands Tenerife E-38205 Spain Universidad de La Laguna Dpto. Astrofísica La Laguna Tenerife E-38206 Spain Centre de Recherche en Astrophysique du Québec Département de Physique Université de Montréal 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux Montréal H2V OB3 QC Canada Division of ALMA National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Mitaka Tokyo 181-8588 Japan National Radio Astronomy Observatory 1003 Lopezville Road Socorro 87801 NM United States SKA Observatory Jodrell Bank Lower Withington Macclesfield SK11 9FT United Kingdom Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics School of Physics and Astronomy University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom Jeremiah Horrocks Institute University of Central Lancashire Preston PR1 2HE United Kingdom Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT United Kingdom NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics 5071 West Saanich Road Victoria V9E 2E7 BC Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Victoria Victoria V8W 2Y2 BC Canada Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics No.1 Sec. 4. Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan Division of Science National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute 776 Daedeokdae-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34055 South Korea University of Science and Technology 217 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34113 South Korea National Chung Hsing University 145 Xingda Road South District Taichung City 402 Taiwan Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan NASA Ames Research Center Space Science and

As part of the B-fields In Star-forming Region Observations survey, we present James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) 850 μm polarimetric observations toward the Orion integral-shaped filament (ISF) that covers three portions known as OMC-1, OMC-2, and OMC-3. The magnetic field threading the ISF seen in the JCMT POL-2 map appears as a tale of three: pinched for OMC-1, twisted for OMC-2, and nearly uniform for OMC-3. A multiscale analysis shows that the magnetic field structure in OMC-3 is very consistent at all the scales, whereas the field structure in OMC-2 shows no correlation across different scales. In OMC-1, the field retains its mean orientation from large to small scales but shows some deviations at small scales. Histograms of relative orientations between the magnetic field and filaments reveal a bimodal distribution for OMC-1, a relatively random distribution for OMC-2, and a distribution with a predominant peak at 90^o for OMC-3. Furthermore, the magnetic fields in OMC-1 and OMC-3 both appear to be aligned perpendicular to the fibers, which are denser structures within the filament, but the field in OMC-2 is aligned along with the fibers. All these suggest that gravity, turbulence, and magnetic field are each playing a leading role in OMC-1, 2, and 3, respectively. While OMC-2 and 3 have almost the same gas mass, density, and nonthermal velocity dispersion, there are on average younger and fewer young stellar objects in OMC-3, providing evidence that a stronger magnetic field will induce slower and less efficient star formation in molecular clouds. © 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

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EMPRESS. XII. Statistics on the Dynamics and Gas Mass Fraction of Extremely-Metal Poor Galaxies

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Xu, Yi Ouchi, Masami Isobe, Yuki Nakajima, Kimihiko Ozaki, Shinobu Bouché, Nicolas F. Wise, John H. Emsellem, Eric Kusakabe, Haruka Hattori, Takashi Nagao, Tohru Chiaki, Gen Fukushima, Hajime Harikane, Yuichi Hayashi, Kohei Hirai, Yutaka Kim, Ji Hoon Maseda, Michael V. Nagamine, Kentaro Shibuya, Takatoshi Sugahara, Yuma Yajima, Hidenobu Aoyama, Shohei Fujimoto, Seiji Fukushima, Keita Hatano, Shun Inoue, Akio K. Ishigaki, Tsuyoshi Kawasaki, Masahiro Kojima, Takashi Komiyama, Yutaka Koyama, Shuhei Koyama, Yusei Lee, Chien-Hsiu Matsumoto, Akinori Mawatari, Ken Moriya, Takashi J. Motohara, Kentaro Murai, Kai Nishigaki, Moka Onodera, Masato Ono, Yoshiaki Rauch, Michael Saito, Tomoki Sasaki, Rin Suzuki, Akihiro Takeuchi, Tsutomu T. Umeda, Hiroya Umemura, Masayuki Watanabe, Kuria Yabe, Kiyoto Zhang, Yechi Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8583 Japan Department of Physics Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan Univ Lyon Univ Lyon1 ENS de Lyon CNRS Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574 Saint-Genis-LavalF-69230 France Center for Relativistic Astrophysics School of Physics Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States European Southern Observatory Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2 Garching85748 Germany Observatoire de Genéve Université de Genéve 51 Ch. des Maillettes Versoix1290 Switzerland 650 North A’ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States Research Center for Space and Cosmic Evolution Ehime University Bunkyo-cho 2-5 Ehime Matsuyama790-8577 Japan Center for Computational Sciences University of Tsukuba Ten-nodai 1-1-1 Tsukuba Ibaraki305-8577 Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London Gower Street LondonWC1E 6BT United Kingdom National Institute of Technology Ichinoseki College Hagisho Ichinoseki021-8511 Japan Astronomical Institute Tohoku University 6-3 Aoba Aramaki Aoba-ku Miyagi Sendai980-8578 Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Notre Dame 225 Nieuwland Science Hall Notre DameIN46556 United States Astronomy Program Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of SNU Astronomy Research Center Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Astronomy University of Wisconsin-Madison 475 N. Charter Street MadisonWI53706 United States Theoretical Astrophysics Department of Earth & Space S

We present demography of the dynamics and gas-mass fraction of 33 extremely metal-poor galaxies (EMPGs) with metallicities of 0.015 − 0.195 Zo and low stellar masses of 104 − 108 Mo in the local universe. We conduct deep optical integral-field spectroscopy (IFS) for the low-mass EMPGs with the medium high resolution (R = 7500) grism of the 8m-Subaru FOCAS IFU instrument by the EMPRESS 3D survey, and investigate Hα emission of the EMPGs. Exploiting the resolution high enough for the low-mass galaxies, we derive gas dynamics with the Hα lines by the fitting of 3-dimensional disk models. We obtain an average maximum rotation velocity (vrot) of 15 ± 3 km s−1 and an average intrinsic velocity dispersion (σ0) of 27 ± 10 km s−1 for 15 spatially resolved EMPGs out of the 33 EMPGs, and find that all of the 15 EMPGs have vrot/σ0 rot/σ0 with the decreasing stellar mass and metallicity. We derive the gas mass fraction (fgas) for all of the 33 EMPGs, and find no clear dependence on stellar mass and metallicity. These vrot/σ0 and fgas trends should be compared with young high-z galaxies observed by the forthcoming JWST IFS programs to understand the physical origins of the EMPGs in the local universe. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Galaxies

Author Correction: Rare variant analyses in 51,256 type 2 diabetes cases and 370,487 controls reveal the pathogenicity spectrum of monogenic diabetes genes

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Nature genetics 2025年第4期57卷 1060页

作者： Alicia Huerta-Chagoya Philip Schroeder Ravi Mandla Jiang Li Lowri Morris Maheak Vora Ahmed Alkanaq Dorka Nagy Lukasz Szczerbinski Jesper G S Madsen Silvia Bonàs-Guarch Fanny Mollandin Joanne B Cole Bianca Porneala Kenneth Westerman Josephine H Li Toni I Pollin Jose C Florez Anna L Gloyn David J Carey Inês Cebola Uyenlinh L Mirshahi Alisa K Manning Aaron Leong Miriam Udler Josep M Mercader Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA. Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA. Diabetes Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA. Graduate Program in Genomics and Computational Biology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Genomic Health Geisinger Danville PA USA. Section of Genetics and Genomics Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction Imperial College London London UK. National Heart and Lung Institute Faculty of Medicine London UK. Department of Endocrinology Diabetology and Internal Medicine Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok Poland. Clinical Research Centre Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok Poland. Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark. The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark. Centre for Genomic Regulation The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas Madrid Spain. Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction Imperial College London London UK. Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. Division of Endocrinology Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA USA. Department of Biomedical Informatics University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora CO USA. Division of General Internal Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA. Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA. University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA. Endocrine Division Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA. Department of Pediatrics Division of Endocrinology Stanford School of Medicine Stanford

On signal reconstruction from frog measurements

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Bendory, Tamir Edidin, Dan Eldar, Yonina C. Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ United States Department of Mathematics University of Missouri ColumbiaMO United States The Andrew and Erna Viterbi Faculty of Electrical Engineering Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel

Phase retrieval refers to recovering a signal from its Fourier magnitude. This problem arises naturally in many scientific applications, such as ultra-short laser pulse characterization and diffraction imaging. Unfortunately, phase retrieval is ill-posed for almost all one-dimensional signals. In order to characterize a laser pulse and overcome the ill-posedness, it is common to use a technique called Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating (FROG). In FROG, the measured data, referred to as FROG trace, is the Fourier magnitude of the product of the underlying signal with several translated versions of itself. The FROG trace results in a system of phaseless quartic Fourier measurements. In this paper, we prove that it suffices to consider only three translations of the signal to determine almost all bandlimited signals, up to trivial ambiguities. In practice, one usually also has access to the signal’s Fourier magnitude. We show that in this case only two translations suffice. Our results significantly improve upon earlier work. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Signal reconstruction

Error estimates of the Crank-Nicolson Galerkin method for the time-dependent Maxwell-Schrödinger equations under the Lorentz gauge

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Chupeng, M.A. Liqun, C.A.O. Yanping, L.I.N. Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Department of Applied Mathematics Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong

In this paper we study the numerical method and the convergence for solving the time-dependent Maxwell-Schrödinger equations under the Lorentz gauge. An alternating Crank-Nicolson finite element method for solving the problem is presented and the optimal error estimate for the numerical algorithm is obtained by a mathematical inductive method. Numerical examples are then carried out to confirm the theoretical results. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Galerkin methods

Input optics systems of the KAGRA detector during O3GK (vol 2023, 023F01, 2023)

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PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS 2023年第5期2023卷

作者： Akutsu, T. Ando, M. Arai, K. Arai, Y. Araki, S. Araya, A. Aritomi, N. Asada, H. Aso, Y. Bae, S. Bae, Y. Baiotti, L. Bajpai, R. Barton, M. A. Cannon, K. Cao, Z. Capocasa, E. Chan, M. Chen, C. Chen, K. Chen, Y. Chiang, C-I Chu, H. Chu, Y-K Eguchi, S. Enomoto, Y. Flaminio, R. Fujii, Y. Fujikawa, Y. Fukunaga, M. Fukushima, M. Furuhata, T. Gao, D. Ge, G-G Ha, S. Hagiwara, A. Haino, S. Han, W-B Hasegawa, K. Hattori, K. Hayakawa, H. Hayama, K. Himemoto, Y. Hiranuma, Y. Hirata, N. Hirose, E. Hong, Z. Hsieh, B-H Huang, G-Z Huang, H-Y Huang, P. Huang, Y-C Huang, Y-J Hui, D. C. Y. Ide, S. Ikenoue, B. Imam, S. Inayoshi, K. Inoue, Y. Ioka, K. Ito, K. Itoh, Y. Izumi, K. Jeon, C. Jin, H-B Jung, K. Jung, P. Kaihotsu, K. Kajita, T. Kakizaki, M. Kamiizumi, M. Kanbara, S. Kanda, N. Kang, G. Kataoka, Y. Kawaguchi, K. Kawai, N. Kawasaki, T. Kim, C. Kim, J. Kim, J. C. Kim, Ws Kim, Y-M Kimura, N. Kita, N. Kitazawa, H. Kojima, Y. Kokeyama, K. Komori, K. Kong, A. K. H. Kotake, K. Kozakai, C. Kozu, R. Kumar, R. Kume, J. Kuo, C. Kuo, H-S Kuromiya, Y. Kuroyanagi, S. Kusayanagi, K. Kwak, K. Lee, H. K. Lee, H. W. Lee, R. Leonardi, M. Li, K. L. Lin, L. C-C Lin, C-Y Lin, F-K Lin, F-L Lin, H. L. Liu, G. C. Luo, L-W Majorana, E. Marchio, M. Michimura, Y. Mio, N. Miyakawa, O. Miyamoto, A. Miyazaki, Y. Miyo, K. Miyoki, S. Mori, Y. Morisaki, S. Moriwaki, Y. Nagano, K. Nagano, S. Nakamura, K. Nakano, H. Nakano, M. Nakashima, R. Nakayama, Y. Narikawa, T. Naticchioni, L. Negishi, R. Quynh, L. Nguyen Ni, W-T Nishizawa, A. Nozaki, S. Obuchi, Y. Ogaki, W. Oh, J. J. Oh, S. H. Ohashi, M. Ohishi, N. Ohkawa, M. Ohta, H. Okutani, Y. Okutomi, K. Oohara, K. Ooi, C. Oshino, S. Otabe, S. Pan, K-C Pang, H. Parisi, A. Park, J. Arellano, F. E. Pena Pinto, I. Sago, N. Saito, S. Saito, Y. Sakai, K. Sakai, Y. Sakuno, Y. Sato, S. Sato, T. Sawada, T. Sekiguchi, T. Sekiguchi, Y. Shao, L. Shibagaki, S. Shimizu, R. Shimoda, T. Shimode, K. Shinkai, H. Shishido, T. Shoda, A. Somiya, K. Son, E. J. Sotani, H. Sugimoto, R. Suresh, J. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, T. Tagoshi, H. Takahashi, H Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Department of Physics The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Research Center for the Early Universe The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research KAGRA Observatory The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Kashiwa City Chiba 277-8582 Japan Accelerator Laboratory High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) 1-1 Oho Tsukuba City Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan Earthquake Research Institute The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0032 Japan Department of Mathematics and Physics Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo-cho Hirosaki Aomori 036-8561 Japan Kamioka Branch National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 238 Higashi-Mozumi Kamioka-cho Hida City Gifu 506-1205 Japan The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information 245 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea National Institute for Mathematical Sciences 70 Yuseong-daero 1689 Beon-gil Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34047 Republic of Korea International College Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho Toyonaka City Osaka 560-0043 Japan School of High Energy Accelerator Science The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) 1-1 Oho Tsukuba City Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University Xinjiekouwai Street 19 Haidian District Beijing 100875 China Department of Applied Physics Fukuoka University 8-19-1 Nanakuma Jonan Fukuoka City Fukuoka 814-0180 Japan Department of Physics Tamkang University No. 151 Yingzhuan Road Danshui Dist. New Taipei City 25137 Taiwan Department of Physics

KAGRA, the underground and cryogenic gravitational-wave detector, was operated for its solo observation from February 25 to March 10, 2020, and its first joint observation with the GEO 600 detector from April 7 to April 21, 2020 (O3GK). This study presents an overview of the input optics systems of the KAGRA detector, which consist of various optical systems, such as a laser source, its intensity and frequency stabilization systems, modulators, a Faraday isolator, mode-matching telescopes, and a high-power beam dump. These optics were successfully delivered to the KAGRA interferometer and operated stably during the observations. The laser frequency noise was observed to limit the detector sensitivity above a few kilohertz, whereas the laser intensity did not significantly limit the detector sensitivity.

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