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arXiv 2022年

作者： Wang, Ziyang Lin, Yuxuan Cosmi Zhang, Kunyan Wu, Wenjing Huang, Shengxi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Electrical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

Optical spectroscopy is indispensable for research and development in nanoscience and nanotechnology, microelectronics, energy, and advanced manufacturing. Advanced optical spectroscopy tools often require both specifically designed high-end instrumentation and intricate data analysis techniques. Beyond the common analytical tools, deep learning methods are well suited for interpreting high-dimensional and complicated spectroscopy data. They offer great opportunities to extract subtle and deep information about optical properties of materials with simpler optical setups, which would otherwise require sophisticated instrumentation. In this work, we propose a computational ellipsometry approach based on a conventional tabletop optical microscope and a deep learning model called EllipsoNet. Without any prior knowledge about the multilayer substrates, EllipsoNet can predict the complex refractive indices of thin films on top of these nontrivial substrates from experimentally measured optical reflectance spectra with high accuracies. This task was not feasible previously with traditional reflectometry or ellipsometry methods. Fundamental physical principles, such as the Kramers-Kronig relations, are spontaneously learned by the model without any further training. This approach enables in-operando optical characterization of functional materials within complex photonic structures or optoelectronic devices. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Refractive index

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A Large Frequency Ratio Dual-band Microstrip Antenna with Consistent Radiation Pattern for Internet of Sea Applications

A Large Frequency Ratio Dual-band Microstrip Antenna with Co...

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European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP

作者： Hanguang Liao Rana Muhammad Bilal Atif Shamim Electrical and Computer Engineering Program King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9788831299022;9781728188454

Sensing and retrieving data from ocean to land are challenging tasks, while the Internet of Sea concept provides a realistic solution to that. A large frequency ratio dual-band microstrip antenna design working at GSM, LoRa, and BLE bands with consistent radiation pattern is proposed for Internet of Sea applications. The antenna is based on a modified Split Ring Antenna which provides two radiating modes, where the frequency ratio is close to 3. The proposed microstrip antenna is optimized for a better radiation efficiency and consistent radiation pattern at both bands. The method to control the H-plane HPBW of the proposed antenna is provided. The antenna prototype is fabricated and measured, which shows the radiation pattern at both bands are consistent and the H-plane HPBWs are 94°and 78°, at the lower and higher bands respectively.

关键词： Antenna measurements Dual band Sea measurements Prototypes Microstrip antennas Internet Sensors

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Eigenvalue-Based Micromagnetic Analysis of Switching in Spin-Torque-Driven Structures

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Physical Review Applied 2022年第3期17卷 034016-034016页

作者： Z. Lin I. Volvach X. Wang V. Lomakin Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA Center for Memory and Recording Research La Jolla California 92093 USA Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA

We present an eigenvalue-based approach for studying the magnetization dynamics in magnetic nanostructures driven by spintronic excitations, such as spin-transfer torque and spin-orbit torque. The approach represents the system dynamics in terms of normal oscillation modes (eigenstates) with corresponding complex eigenfrequencies. The dynamics is driven by a small number of active eigenstates and often considering just a single eigenstate is sufficient. We develop a perturbation theory that provides semianalytical dynamic solutions by using eigenstates for the case in the absence of damping and spintronic excitations as a basis. The approach provides useful insights into dynamics in such systems and allows solving several difficulties in their modeling, such as extracting the switching current in magnetic random-access memories and understanding switching mechanisms. We show that the presented approach directly predicts the critical switching current, i.e., switching current for an infinite time. The approach also provides solutions for the switching dynamics allowing the switching current to be obtained for a finite switching time, provided that the system symmetry is broken, e.g., by tilting the polarizer, so that switching by a finite pulse is possible.

关键词： Magnetization dynamics Spin transfer torque Spin-orbit torque Spintronics Devices for digital logic, storage & processing Landau-Lifschitz-Gilbert equation Micromagnetic modeling Perturbation theory

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Terahertz Time-Domain Imaging for Radiotherapy Treatment Monitoring in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Terahertz Time-Domain Imaging for Radiotherapy Treatment Mon...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Debamitra Chakraborty Bradley N. Mills Jing Cheng Ivan Komissarov Scott Gerber Roman Sobolewski Materials Science Graduate Program University of Rochester Rochester New York Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of Rochester Rochester New York Department of Surgery University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester Rochester New York

ISBN: (纸本)9798350369311

Terahertz time-domain imaging was performed of stereotactic body radiotherapy-treated murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with a high spatial resolution. To generate 2D maps of the tissue samples, the refractive index and absorption coefficient were used as imaging markers extracted with the maximum a-posteriori probability (MAP) estimation algorithm. The results were then compared with the terahertz maps of untreated murine PDAC tissue samples and demonstrated that terahertz imaging can probe physical changes with high sensitivity in the tissue post treatment.

关键词： Maximum a posteriori estimation Terahertz wave imaging Laser theory Sensitivity Refractive index Radiation therapy Time-domain analysis Spatial resolution Probes Monitoring

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What Are Large Language Models Mapping to in the Brain? A Case Against Over-Reliance on Brain Scores

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Feghhi, Ebrahim Hadidi, Nima Song, Bryan Blank, Idan A. Kao, Jonathan C. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of California Los Angeles United States Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program The University of California Los Angeles United States Department of Psychology The University of California Los Angeles United States Department of Linguistics The University of California Los Angeles United States

Given the remarkable capabilities of large language models (LLMs), there has been a growing interest in evaluating their similarity to the human brain. One approach towards quantifying this similarity is by measuring how well a model predicts neural signals, also called "brain score". Internal representations from LLMs achieve state-of-the-art brain scores, leading to speculation that they share computational principles with human language processing. This inference is only valid if the subset of neural activity predicted by LLMs reflects core elements of language processing. Here, we question this assumption by analyzing three neural datasets used in an impactful study on LLM-to-brain mappings, with a particular focus on an fMRI dataset where participants read short passages. We first find that when using shuffled train-test splits, as done in previous studies with these datasets, a trivial feature that encodes temporal autocorrelation not only outperforms LLMs but also accounts for the majority of neural variance that LLMs explain. We therefore caution against shuffled train-test splits, and use contiguous test splits moving forward. Second, we explain the surprising result that untrained LLMs have higher-than-expected brain scores by showing they do not account for additional neural variance beyond two simple features: sentence length and sentence position. This undermines evidence used to claim that the transformer architecture biases computations to be more brain-like. Third, we find that brain scores of trained LLMs on this dataset can largely be explained by sentence length, sentence position, and pronoun-dereferenced static word embeddings;a small, additional amount is explained by sense embeddings and contextual representations of sentence structure. We conclude that over-reliance on brain scores can lead to over-interpretations of similarity between LLMs and brains, and emphasize the importance of deconstructing what LLMs are mapping to in neural signals.

关键词： Brain

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Boosting the Performance of Image Restration Models Through Training with Deep-Feature Auxiliary Guidance

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Jang, Cheolhun Ji, Deahyun Cho, Nam Ik Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence INMC Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Suwon-si Gyenggi-do16678 Korea Republic of Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering INMC Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

Many neural network architectures have been suggested for image restoration models to enhance the accuracy of restored images while keeping the computational time reasonable. However, most previous studies have primarily focused on introducing new network architectures, with relatively less emphasis on efficient training techniques. This paper introduces a novel training strategy that improves the accuracy of image restoration models without increasing inference times by preserving their structures. To achieve this, we add auxiliary guidance at a feature map of each multi-scale level during the training process. All modules added to the model for the application of auxiliary guidance are only used during training time and can be removed at the inference phase, thereby eliminating the need for additional computation. Our proposed training method, named deep-feature auxiliary guidance (DFAG), can be easily applied to existing encoder-decoder architectures. By applying DFAG to train existing image restoration models, we have obtained enhanced performance in real-image denoising, Gaussian denoising, motion deblurring, JPEG artifact reduction, and super-resolution for all tested models. The source code and pre-train models will be released. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image denoising

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Integrating Physical Wheelchairs and Virtual Basketball for Enhanced Access and Enjoyment in Wheelchair Basketball

Integrating Physical Wheelchairs and Virtual Basketball for ...

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IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality (AIVR)

作者： Yu-Hung Hsu Iuan-Kai Fang Chun Wang Jui-Chien Chen Min-Chun Hu Department of Computer Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan International Intercollegiate Ph.D. Program National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan School of Information University of Texas at Austin USA

Wheelchair basketball for people with disabilities is a niche market with limited attention and resources due to its smaller scale. We utilize the characteristics of VR technology, combining wearable devices with physical wheelchair seating, to create a virtual and real interactive game of wheelchair basketball. This enables people with disabilities to exercise at home and allows the general public to experience the challenges of disability sports, fostering empathy and emphasizing the importance of social justice.

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Development of Buffer Zone into Living Lab - Garuda Smart City Framework: Systematic Review

Development of Buffer Zone into Living Lab - Garuda Smart Ci...

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International Conference on ICT For Smart Society (ICISS)

作者： Gunadi Emmanuel Suhono Harso Supangkat Ford Lumban Gaol Benny Ranti Doctor of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Univ. Katolik Musi Charitas Palembang Indonesia School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia Computer Science Department Binus Graduate Program - Doctor of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia

The phenomenon of urbanization in Indonesia is inevitable. The new residential and economic centers in suburban areas is also a problem in city development. The gradual planning and development of smart cities in a living lab require consideration of the right location for a living lab. This study wants to show that suburban areas as city buffer zones can become living laboratories for smart city development. The diversity of situations in cities and regencies across Indonesia, the potential for resources, and the problems faced are the challenges of developing a living lab - Garuda Smart City Framework. This research uses the method of reviewing the literature of research publications for the last five years (2019–2023) to obtain information on Smart City development in Indonesia. We collected selected articles from databases in Google Scholar, IEEE, and Scopus using the Publish and Perish 8. The search keywords used were garuda AND Smart city AND Framework. The findings show the potential and dynamics of buffer zones to become appropriate living laboratories. Smart city regional planning can more holistically involve neighborhoods and address urban issues.

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Ground state phases of the two-dimension electron gas with a unified variational approach

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Smith, Conor Chen, Yixiao Levy, Ryan Yang, Yubo Morales, Miguel A. Zhang, Shiwei Center for Computational Quantum Physics Flatiron Institute New YorkNY10010 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Mexico AlbuquerqueNM87131 United States Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States

The two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is a fundamental model, which is drawing increasing interest because of recent advances in experimental and theoretical studies of 2D materials. Current understanding of the ground state of the 2DEG relies on quantum Monte Carlo calculations, based on variational comparisons of different ansatze for different phases. We use a single variational ansatz, a general backflow-type wave function using a message-passing neural quantum state architecture, for a unified description across the entire density range. The variational optimization consistently leads to lower ground-state energies than previous best results. Transition into a Wigner crystal (WC) phase occurs automatically at rs = 37±1, a density lower than currently believed. Between the liquid and WC phases, the same ansatz and variational search strongly suggest the existence of intermediate states in a broad range of densities, with enhanced short-range nematic spin correlations. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Message passing

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A 3D Dual-band electrically Small Monopole Antenna for Internet of Sea Applications

A 3D Dual-band Electrically Small Monopole Antenna for Inter...

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IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation

作者： Hanguang Liao Rana Muhammad Bilal Atif Shamim Electrical and Computer Engineering Program King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9781728146713

Sensing and retrieving data from ocean to land are challenging and expensive tasks, while the Internet of Sea (IoS) concept can help to monitor ocean environment in a low-cost way. In this paper, an electrically Small (ES) dual-band monopole antenna is proposed for the IoS application. Dual-band operation (GSM-900, LoRa, and BLE bands) and vertical polarization are maintained in a very compact size. The proposed antenna operates as a folded monopole antenna at 900MHz, and as a simple monopole antenna at 2.4 GHz, by combining the top-loaded folded monopole antenna and the 2-layer monopole feeding structure. The proposed antenna has ka of 0.45 at the LB, with a decent polarization purity and radiation efficiency of 54%. The proposed antenna is designed with a low-cost additive manufacturing material system.

关键词： Three-dimensional displays Oceans Dual band Antenna feeds Three-dimensional printing Internet Sensors

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