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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Seamus O'Hara Joe Costello Qi Tian Qile Wu Ken West Loren Pfeiffer Mark Sherwin Liang Wu Department of Physics and Institute of Terahertz Science and Technology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA Intelligence Community Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship Program Philadelphia PA Department of Physics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Princeton University Princeton NJ

ISBN: (纸本)9798350369311

In this proceeding, we present polarization data of sidebands emitted from strongly driven quasiparticles, demonstrate the dependence of these data on various parameters of the external driving field, and describe the data using an analytical expression, dependent on driving field parameters and the effective Hamiltonian of the system. We propose using this method on spin-momentum locked systems, such as altermagnets, to observe and reconstruct sidebands which are influenced by the topology of individual bands.

关键词： Electro-optic effects Amplitude modulation Topology Interferometry

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DDD: A PERCEPTUALLY SUPERIOR LOW-RESPONSE-TIME DNN-BASED DECLIPPER

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Yi, Jayeon Koo, Junghyun Lee, Kyogu Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan United States Dept. of Intelligence and Information Seoul National University Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence Seoul National University Korea Republic of Artificial Intelligence Institute Seoul National University Korea Republic of

Clipping is a common nonlinear distortion that occurs whenever the input or output of an audio system exceeds the supported range. This phenomenon undermines not only the perception of speech quality but also downstream processes utilizing the disrupted signal. Therefore, a real-time-capable, robust, and low-response-time method for speech declipping (SD) is desired. In this work, we introduce DDD (Demucs-Discriminator-Declipper), a real-time-capable speech-declipping deep neural network (DNN) that requires less response time by design. We first observe that a previously untested real-time-capable DNN model, Demucs, exhibits a reasonable declipping performance. Then we utilize adversarial learning objectives to increase the perceptual quality of output speech without additional inference overhead. Subjective evaluations on harshly clipped speech shows that DDD outperforms the baselines by a wide margin in terms of speech quality. We perform detailed waveform and spectral analyses to gain an insight into the output behavior of DDD in comparison to the baselines. Finally, our streaming simulations also show that DDD is capable of sub-decisecond mean response times, outperforming the state-of-the-art DNN approach by a factor of six. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Advanced Under-Rails Fiber-Optic Sensor for Detection of Rolling Stock and Axles in Tram Transport

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IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 2025年 74卷

作者： Fajkus, Marcel Jargus, Jan Nedoma, Jan Kepak, Stanislav Krizan, Daniel Cubik, Jakub Krenzelok, Tomas Leal, Arnaldo Marques, Carlos VSB—Technical University of Ostrava Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department of Telecommunications Ostrava708 00 Czech Republic Prodin a.s. Pardubice530 02 Czech Republic Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Federal University of Espirito Santo Vitoria29075-910 Brazil University of Aveiro CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials Physics Department Aveiro3810-193 Portugal VSB—Technical University of Ostrava Department of Physics Ostrava708 00 Czech Republic

This article describes the implementation of an advanced fiber-optic intensity sensor for the comprehensive detection of axles and bogies of rail vehicles in tram transport. The sensor uses the principle of optical fiber bending, where the intensity of transmitted light is modulated due to mechanical stress on the fiber caused by the passage of a tram and the subsequent reversible deformation of the rail. The innovative design of the sensor allows for its easy installation under the rail foot, between the rail and the sleeper, replacing conventional anti-vibration pads, and includes specially designed deformable elements which the optical fiber bends and modulates the transmitted light intensity. During long-term testing (11 months in various weather conditions) conducted in the real tram depot (Ostrava, Czech Republic), 20602 tram passages were secured and analyzed. The sensor demonstrated success in detecting bogies, achieving 100% accuracy with no false positives (FPs) or false negatives (FNs). Axle detection showed an average success rate of 86.1%, with variability among different tram types up to 97.8%. The signal modulation was also subjected to detailed analysis, revealing differences in responses between various tram types, which can be attributed to differences in bogie construction and vehicle weight. Due to its electromagnetic immunity, the implemented fiber-optic sensor offers the potential for more reliable detection and broad application possibilities, including track occupancy monitoring, speed measurement, or determining the direction of travel on single-track lines. With slight optimization, the sensor could also be used to weigh rail vehicles or as an axle counter in railway or light rail transport. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Bogies (railroad rolling stock)

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MathSpeech: Leveraging Small LMs for Accurate Conversion in Mathematical Speech-to-Formula

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Hyeon, Sieun Jung, Kyudan Won, Jaehee Kim, Nam-Joon Ryu, Hyun Gon Lee, Hyuk-Jae Do, Jaeyoung Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Korea Republic of Department of Mathematics Chung-Ang University Korea Republic of College of Liberal Studies Seoul National University Korea Republic of NVIDIA United States Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence Seoul National University Korea Republic of

In various academic and professional settings, such as mathematics lectures or research presentations, it is often necessary to convey mathematical expressions orally. However, reading mathematical expressions aloud without accompanying visuals can significantly hinder comprehension, especially for those who are hearing-impaired or rely on subtitles due to language barriers. For instance, when a presenter reads Euler’s Formula, current Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) models often produce a verbose and error-prone textual description (e.g., e to the power of i x equals cosine of x plus i side of x), instead of the concise LATEX format (i.e., eix = cos(x) + isin(x)), which hampers clear understanding and communication. To address this issue, we introduce MathSpeech, a novel pipeline that integrates ASR models with small Language Models (sLMs) to correct errors in mathematical expressions and accurately convert spoken expressions into structured LATEX representations. Evaluated on a new dataset derived from lecture recordings, MathSpeech demonstrates LATEX generation capabilities comparable to leading commercial Large Language Models (LLMs), while leveraging fine-tuned small language models of only 120M parameters. Specifically, in terms of CER, BLEU, and ROUGE scores for LATEX translation, MathSpeech demonstrated significantly superior capabilities compared to GPT-4o. We observed a decrease in CER from 0.390 to 0.298, and higher ROUGE/BLEU scores compared to GPT-4o. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Speech recognition

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Top-Down Fabrication of Diamond Nanostructures

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2024年

作者： Biswas, Abhijit Li, Chenxi Pieshkov, Tymofii Mei, Zhaobo Xu, Mingfei Li, Tao Murukeshan, Jishnu Vajtai, Robert Zhao, Yuji Ajayan, Pulickel M. Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

Diamond nanostructures can have exciting applications in electronics and thermal management, but their controlled fabrication can be challenging. Here, we present a top-down approach for the fabrication of diamond nanorod (DNR) clusters, via use of metal masks (Al, Ag, Au, and Cr) and reactive-ion etching (RIE). Prolonged RIE on Ag and Cr masks yields distinct etching profiles, and DNR clusters are selectively formed from Ag masks, with individual nanorods having dimensions of ~100 nm diameter and ~1.5 µm length. Detailed electron microscopy shows thin layer of amorphous carbon (a-C) around single crystalline DNR cores. Chemical analyses also show presence of oxygen on the surface of the DNRs. Fabrication of the DNR clusters with scalable top-down approach could lead to new nanodiamond-based applications. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanorods

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Gallium Oxide as Photonic Integrated Platforms in the UV–Visible Spectra

Gallium Oxide as Photonic Integrated Platforms in the UV–Vi...

引用

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Jingan Zhou Xuan Zhao Rui Xu Xiang Zhang Kai Fu Tao Li Mingfei Xu Shisong Luo Ziyi He Jacob T. Robinson Hanyu Zhu Pulickel M. Ajayan Xiaodong Zhang Yuji Zhao Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston TX USA Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston TX USA School of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA Nanofabrication Facility Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou China

We report the Ga 2 O 3 as photonic integrated platforms and its nonlinear optical effects in the UV–visible spectra. A low propagation loss of 3.7 dB/cm and second-order susceptibility of χ (2) =4.89×10 -3 pm... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Material properties Nonlinear effects Nonlinear susceptibility Optical components Thin films Visible light communications

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Ga2O3 nanorods synthesized by hydrothermal method for dual-functional sensing of pH value and glucose

引用

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 2023年 363卷

作者： Chou, Hsin-Yu Yadlapalli, Bharath Kumar Yen, Chao-Chun Singh, Anoop Kumar Chiang, Jung-Lung Wuu, Dong-Sing Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung40227 Taiwan Ph.D. Program Prospective Technology of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung411030 Taiwan Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering National Chi Nan University Nantou54561 Taiwan

In this work, hydrothermal (HT)-synthesized gallium oxide (Ga2O3) nanorods were applied on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates to create a dual-functional pH-glucose sensing device. Extended-gate field-effect transistors (EGFETs) were designed for pH and glucose sensing, and the response to pH levels ranging from 1 to 11 was tested using both chemical bath deposition (CBD) and high-pressure hydrothermal methods. Two sensor configurations, Ga2O3(CBD)/ITO/glass and Ga2O3(HT)/ITO/glass, were immersed in solution pH1 to 11 and cultured medium for hydrogen ion and glucose sensing. The results demonstrated that, for pH sensing in different samples, both IDS-VDS analysis and IDS-VGS analysis showed superior linearity and sensitivity with the HT method. For glucose detection, the HT method was selected for further experiments due to its maintained concentration-dependent relationship and selectivity towards various common sugars. When using culture medium DMEM as the sample (4.5 mg/ml glucose concentration), the accuracy of glucose estimation reached 99%. Stability and biocompatibility tests were also conducted, and the results indicated consistent performance. In summary, the HT-synthesized Ga2O3 nanorods exhibited high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability without affecting cell growth. Therefore, they hold great potential for applications not only in general blood glucose sensing but also in studying cell microenvironment metabolism. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Nanorods

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DCGAN-based Medical Image Augmentation to Improve ELM Classification Performance

DCGAN-based Medical Image Augmentation to Improve ELM Classi...

引用

IEEE International Conference on Communication, Networks and Satellite (ComNetSat)

作者： Rando Noor Akhmad Setiawan Adhistya Erna Permanasari Riries Rulaningtyas Andriyan Bayu Suksmono Imas Sukaesih Sitanggang Dept. of Electrical and Information Engineering Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia Dept. of Physics Universitas Airlangga Biomedical Engineering Program Surabaya Indonesia School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia Department of Computer Science IPB University Bogor Indonesia

ISBN: (数字)9781665460309

ISBN: (纸本)9781665460316

Cervical cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in women. One of the cervical cancer screening methods is pap smear method. However, using a pap smear method to detect cervical cancer takes a long time for a pathologist to diagnose. Hence, a rapid development of medical computerization for early detection to get the results quickly is needed. This paper proposes synthetic data augmentation by using Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network (DCGAN) to increase number of pap smear samples in dataset. Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) is employed to extract features from dataset. Classification of 3 classes which are Adenocarcinoma, High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL), and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is conducted using Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). The result shows that the addition of synthetic data improves the performance of ELM with the accuracy of 90%. This accuracy is better than the accuracy of ELM using only the original dataset which is 85%.

关键词： Satellites Extreme learning machines Medical services Feature extraction Generative adversarial networks Entropy Lesions

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Morphological Investigation and Ph Sensing Properties of β-Ga2O3 Egfet-Ph Sensor

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2023年

作者： Wuu, Dong-Sing Yadlapalli, Bharath Kumar Chou, Hsin-Yu Chiang, Jung-Lung Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung40227 Taiwan Ph.D. Program Prospective Technology of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung411030 Taiwan Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering National Chi Nan University Nantou54561 Taiwan

In our study, β-Ga2O3 particles of various morphologies deposited on FTO glass substrates through hydrothermal method under different pH conditions and pre-stirring temperatures. The particles examined using XRD, FESEM, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy instruments. The results showed that the β-Ga2O3 microrods prepared with pH=3.15 solution at different pre-stirring temperatures followed by hydrothermal reaction had several crystalline orientations ([−401], [002], [403]). The FTIR and Raman spectra measurements confirmed the existence of Ga−O−Ga and Ga−OH bending modes. In the range of pH=3-11, the EGFET-pH sensor prepared with β-Ga2O3 microrods shown a high current-pH sensitivity of 0.541 (mA)1/2 /pH with a linearity of 97.83 % and a high voltage-pH sensitivity of 73.99 mV/pH with linearity of 96.85 %. These results suggest that β-Ga2O3 microrods have pH sensitivity higher than the ideal Nernstian response. This confirms the use of β-Ga2O3 microrods as a sensing membrane in high-performance pH sensors or biosensors. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gallium compounds

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Full-Duplex Beamforming in the Sub-Terahertz Regime

Full-Duplex Beamforming in the Sub-Terahertz Regime

引用

International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves

作者： Subhajit Karmakar Atsutse Kludze Jacques Doumani Andrey Baydin Junichiro Kono Yasaman Ghasempour Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Princeton University Princeton NJ USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston TX USA Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX USA Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston TX USA

We propose a novel architecture that realizes full-duplex directional beamforming in the sub-terahertz regime. Our architecture leverages the frequency-controlled beam steering of leaky-wave antenna together with the polarization-dependent response of aligned single-wall carbon nanotubes. We evaluate the performance of this architecture via preliminary experiments.

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