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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhang, Ruichen Xiong, Ke Du, Hongyang Niyato, Dusit Kang, Jiawen Shen, Xuemin Poor, H. Vincent The Engineering Research Center of Network Management Technology High Speed Railway of Ministry of Education School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China The Collaborative Innovation Center of Railway Traffic Safety Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China The National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Network Technologies Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China The School of Computer Science and Engineering The Energy Research Institute @ NTU Interdisciplinary Graduate Program Nanyang Technological University Singapore The School of Automation Guangdong University of Technology China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Canada The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States

Recognizing the tremendous improvements that the integration of generative AI can bring to intelligent transportation systems, this article explores the integration of generative AI technologies in vehicular networks, focusing on their potential applications and challenges. Generative AI, with its capabilities of generating realistic data and facilitating advanced decision-making processes, enhances various applications when combined with vehicular networks, such as navigation optimization, traffic prediction, data generation, and evaluation. Despite these promising applications, the integration of generative AI with vehicular networks faces several challenges, such as real-time data processing and decision-making, adapting to dynamic and unpredictable environments, as well as privacy and security concerns. To address these challenges, we propose a multi-modality semantic-aware framework to enhance the service quality of generative AI. By leveraging multi-modal and semantic communication technologies, the framework enables the use of text and image data for creating multi-modal content, providing more reliable guidance to receiving vehicles and ultimately improving system usability and efficiency. To further improve the reliability and efficiency of information transmission and reconstruction within the framework, taking generative AI-enabled vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) as a case study, a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based approach is proposed for resource allocation. Finally, we discuss potential research directions and anticipated advancements in the field of generative AI-enabled vehicular networks. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Comparison between Line-Followers and Free Movement Robots in Tasks Execution in a Simulated Environment

Comparison between Line-Followers and Free Movement Robots i...

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IEEE Latin American Robotics Symposium, LARS

作者： Igor Pardal Latini Wilson Eduardo Barioni Marco Teixeira Flavio Neves-Jr Lucia Valeria Ramos de Arruda Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR) Curitiba Parana Brazil Automation and Advanced Control System Laboratory (LASCA) Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering (CPGEI)

ISBN: (数字)9781665462808

ISBN: (纸本)9781665462815

In Industry 4.0, there is a constant pursuit for efficiency and productivity, and, searching to achieve this, the usage of multiple robots to attend to several tasks simultaneously is usual. Nowadays, there is plenty of robotic architectures, having their navigation system based on numerous different sensors. This work compares the line-follower robots, having a determined path, with the free-moving robots that navigate based on odometry, for load collecting and delivery tasks in specific locations. For this, four simulated experiments are run in two scenes, with two and four tasks, respectively. The comparison is based on a difference in robot quantity, with more line-followers than free-moving ones, aiming to collect values such as idle time, task wait time, and the number of tasks done for each machine. The results show advantages in using less but more intelligent robots with free movement. Such robots are not bound to one unique task and can use their idle time to roam and complete other processes. However, the task wait time is a concerning issue, as too few robots for overcharged situations can increase execution delays.

关键词： Service robots Navigation Robot sensing systems Time measurement Sensor systems Sensors Delays

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Low-Resource Speech Synthesis with Speaker-Aware Embedding

Low-Resource Speech Synthesis with Speaker-Aware Embedding

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International Symposium on Chinese Spoken Language Processing

作者： Li-Jen Yang I-Ping Yeh Jen-Tzung Chien Institute of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taiwan Graduate Degree Program of Cybersecurity National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350397970

Speech synthesis has been successfully exploited for mapping from text sequence to speech waveform where high-resource languages have been well studied and learned from a large amount of text-speech paired data in public-domain corpora. However, developing speech synthesis under low-resource languages is challenging for speech communication in local regions since the collection of training data is expensive. In particular, the speaker-aware speech generation under low-resource settings is crucial in real world. Such a problem is increasingly difficult in case of very limited speaker-specific data. This paper presents a speaker-aware speech synthesis under low-resource settings based on an encoder-decoder framework by using transformer. Knowledge transfer is performed by incorporating a speaker-aware embedding through first learning a pretrained transformer from multi-speaker data of a low-populated spoken language and then fine-tuning the transformer to a target speaker with very limited speaker-specific embeddings. Experiments on low-resource Taiwanese speech synthesis are evaluated to show the merit of speaker-aware transformer in terms of Mel cepstral distortion and mean opinion score.

关键词： Vocoders Synthesizers Training data Process control Oral communication Transformers Distortion

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Comprehensive Performance Evaluation of Topcon, Hit, and Perc Tandem Solar Cells: Analysing Performance and Stability

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Yi, Junsin Rahman, Rafi Ur Khokhar, Muhammad Quddamah Madara, Polgampola Chamani Aida, Maha Nur Jony, Jaljalalul Abedin Alamgeer Yousuf, Hasnain Chu, Mengmeng Park, Sangheon Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Gyeonggi-do Suwon16419 Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Photovoltaic System Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Gyeonggi-do Suwon16419 Korea Republic of Department of Future Energy Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Gyeonggi-do Suwon16419 Korea Republic of Research Institute for Clean Energy College of Information and Communication Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Gyeonggi-do Suwon16419 Korea Republic of

The evolution of photovoltaic technologies has led to significant advancements in tandem solar cells, notably TOPCon, HIT, and PERC cells. Historically, these technologies have demonstrated substantial improvements in efficiency and stability. This study conducts a comprehensive performance evaluation of TOPCon, HIT, and PERC tandem solar cells by measuring light current-voltage (LIV) characteristics in both series and parallel connections under varying sunlight intensities (0 to 0.5 suns). The maximum efficiency recorded for the TOPCon/TOPCon cells in series connection was 6.63%, while in parallel, it was 25.78%. For HIT/HIT cells, series and parallel connections yielded maximum efficiencies of 27.00% and 6.58%, respectively. PERC/PERC cells achieved efficiencies of 17.81% in series and 21.38% in parallel. These results were obtained by systematically varying the sunlight intensity from 0 to 0.5 suns, revealing that TOPCon technology excels under low-light conditions. Future work will optimize material properties and interconnection methods to enhance performance and commercial viability. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Current voltage characteristics

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To Sharpen or not to Sharpen? On the Effect of Sharpening Filters Applied to Magnified Images 14

To Sharpen or not to Sharpen? On the Effect of Sharpening Fi...

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14th International Conference on Digital Image Processing, ICDIP 2022

作者： Emmendorfer, Leonardo R. de Olviveira, Vinicius Menezes Schein, Tatiana T. de Jesus, Junior C. Rodriguez, Bárbara D.A. Electrical Energy Processing Department Federal University of Santa Maria 97105-340 Brazil Center for Computational Science Federal University of Rio Grande 96201-900 Brazil Computational Modeling PhD Program Federal University of Rio Grande 96201-900 Brazil Computer Engineering Graduate Program Federal University of Rio Grande 96201-900 Brazil Institute of Mathematics Statistics and Physics Federal University of Rio Grande 96201-900 Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781510657564

Super-resolution algorithms aim to produce magnified high-resolution versions from low-resolution images. Some methods, however, are prone to generate blur during the process. Simple sharpening filters are adopted to alleviate this type of artifact. However, the actual effectiveness of this approach is not clear-cut in the literature. This work evaluates the effect of three simple sharpening filters on the quality of images obtained from super-resolution methods. Two metrics were considered in the evaluation: the Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) metric, and the Learned Perceptual Image Patch Similarity (LPIPS). One of the filters could consistently improve the LPIPS metric of magnified images from diverse benchmark sets on top of seven super-resolution methods. The increments obtained for the perceptual metric seem to occur due to the sharpening effect. Improvements on PSNR values were not as consistent. © 2022 SPIE.

关键词： Quality control

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Near-field microwave microscopy of nanostructured materials: Modeling and experiment

Near-field microwave microscopy of nanostructured materials:...

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Low-Dimensional Materials and Devices 2021

作者： Lopez, Diego C. Ohlberg, Douglas A. A. Giraldo, Brian Ramirez, Jhonattan C. Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P. Do Rego, Cássio G. Medeiros-Ribeiro, Gilberto Electrical Engineering Graduate Program Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo HorizonteMG 31270-901 Brazil Microscopy Center Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo HorizonteMG 31270-901 Brazil Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Baskin School of Engineering University of California Santa Cruz Santa CruzCA95064 United States Computer Science Department Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo HorizonteMG 31270-901 Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9781510644397

ISBN: (纸本)9781510644380

Synthesis of novel material often times requires novel analysis and characterization techniques. The possibility of combining sputtering (SPU) and Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) in the same chamber, Sputtering Atomic Layer Augmented Deposition (SALAD), has produced interesting meta-dielectric nanocomposite systems that have unique optical and electronic properties, which may find novel applications [1]. Scanning Microwave Impedance Microscopy (sMIM) is a relatively novel characterization tool which permits assessment of local impedance. More recently, the utilization of microwaves in the near field regime has been an exciting topic in the field of high-resolution microscopy. We were able to demonstrate 1 nm resolution using scanning Microwave Impedance Microscopy (sMIM) where a spontaneously forming water meniscus concentrated the microwave fields in small regions [2]. Here we analyzed numerically sMIM with Finite Element Method (FEM) to investigate complex metal-dielectric structures created in a SALAD system. sMIM measurements provide information on both real and imaginary parts of the reflected microwave signal, which can be associated with the local conductivity and permittivity. Yet, these quantities can be influenced by the local topography, so extraction of the electronic contribution is a challenge. In this work, we perform tip-surface distance scans in order to gain a better understanding of the substrate response and compare with the FEM results. © COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

关键词： Finite element method

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Exploring Nanoscale Photoresponse Mechanisms for Enhanced Photothermoelectric Effects in van der Waals Interfaces

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Xu, Da Liu, Qiushi Liang, Boqun Yu, Ning Ma, Xuezhi Xu, Yaodong Taniguchi, Takashi Lake, Roger K. Yan, Ruoxue Liu, Ming Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California - Riverside RiversideCA92521 United States Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of California - Riverside RiversideCA92521 United States International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science Ibaraki Tsukuba305-0044 Japan Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California - Riverside RiversideCA92521 United States

Integrated photodetectors are crucial for their high speed, sensitivity, and efficient power consumption. In these devices, photocurrent generation is primarily attributed to the photovoltaic (PV) effect, driven by electron-hole separations, and the photothermoelectric (PTE) effect, which results from temperature gradients via the Seebeck effect. As devices shrink, the overlap of these mechanisms—both dependent on the Fermi level and band structure—complicates their separate evaluation at the nanoscale. This study introduces a novel 3D photocurrent nano-imaging technique specifically designed to distinctly map these mechanisms in a Schottky barrier photodiode featuring a molybdenum disulfide and gold (MoS2-Au) interface. We uncover a significant PTE-dominated region extending several hundred nanometers from the electrode edge, a characteristic facilitated by the weak electrostatic forces typical in 2D materials. Unexpectedly, we find that incorporating hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), known for its high thermal conductivity, markedly enhances the PTE response. This counterintuitive enhancement stems from an optimal overlap between thermal and Seebeck profiles, presenting a new pathway to boost device performance. Our findings highlight the capability of this imaging technique to not only advance optoelectronic applications but also to deepen our understanding of light-matter interactions within low-dimensional systems. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Van der Waals forces

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Design and Implementation of Smart Street Lighting System Employing Esp-Mesh Network

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Fuada, Syifaul Duttagupta, Subhasri Adiono, Trio Siregar, Lindawani Program Studi Sistem Telekomunikasi Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia West Java Province Bandung Indonesia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amrita Viswa Vidyapeetham Keralam Amritapuri-Campus 690525 India Electrical Engineering Department School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Institut Teknologi Bandung West Java Province Bandung Indonesia Teaching Factory of Manufacturing Electronics Politeknik Negeri Batam Kepulauan Riau Province Batam Indonesia

Street lighting is a public facility that gives highway users’ convenience during their nighttime trips, making it essential to be controlled and monitored using IoT technology. This study aimed to develop a smart lighting system connected through a Mesh network. The system monitors the street light and automatically controls it using the ESP8266 module, a microcontroller with Wi-Fi built-in. The options in selecting the lamp type include Halogen, Fluorescent, LED, or Incandescent. In general, LED is used because it has an advantage in energy-saving over other lamp types. Moreover, the system is equipped with automatic light intensity control through a dimming technique by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), while BH1750 is used as a light sensor. Furthermore, it monitors the environmental temperature and humidity using DHT22. The communication between the lighting module is based on ESP-Mesh because each node is connected and forwarding data to the destination and the coverage area. ESP-Mesh allows the wireless network to have a scalable architecture in a broader area. It has features to self-organize and self-configure, implying the network could be built and maintained autonomously. Additionally, the system has a web server service with access to control each node and find out the mesh routing table. The results showed that each node could be configured as a mesh network using ESP8266, which sends dimming commands and reads the sensors. The dimming and intensity control was tested using real public street light called NL200D LED module and an off-the-self dimming control driver module, N-Channel MOSFET FQP30N06L. Furthermore, a Mesh connection was tested using five super bright 3mm LEDs representing real street light due to the limitation of the LED module in the laboratory. The street light has three control modes, including on/off-based, intensity control-based or dimming control manually through the website, and intensity control-based automatically using the two se

关键词： Mesh generation

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Van der Waals device integration beyond the limits of van der Waals forces using adhesive matrix transfer

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Nature Electronics 2024年第1期7卷 17-28页

作者： Satterthwaite, Peter F. Zhu, Weikun Jastrzebska-Perfect, Patricia Tang, Melbourne Spector, Sarah O. Gao, Hongze Kitadai, Hikari Lu, Ang-Yu Tan, Qishuo Tang, Shin-Yi Chueh, Yu-Lun Kuo, Chia-Nung Lue, Chin Shan Kong, Jing Ling, Xi Niroui, Farnaz Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Chemistry Boston University BostonMA United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Semiconductor Research Center Hon Hai Research Institute Taipei Taiwan College of Semiconductor Research National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Physics National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Taiwan Consortium of Emergent Crystalline Materials National Science and Technology Council Taipei Taiwan Program on Key Materials Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Division of Materials Science and Engineering Boston University BostonMA United States The Photonics Center Boston University BostonMA United States

Pristine van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures formed between two-dimensional (2D) and other materials can be used to create optical and electronic devices. However, the weak vdW forces alone do not allow direct physical stacking of arbitrary layers. As a result, vdW heterostructure fabrication typically requires solvents, sacrificial layers or high temperatures, which can introduce damage and contaminants. Here, we show that adhesive matrix transfer can eliminate these limitations and can provide vdW integration beyond the limits of vdW forces. In the approach, a hybrid high- and low-adhesion surface is used to decouple the forces driving the transfer from the vdW forces defining the heterostructure of interest. We show that the technique can be used to achieve direct vdW integration of diverse 2D materials (MoS2, WSe2, PtS2 and GaS) with dielectrics (SiO2 and Al2O3), which is conventionally forbidden but critical for active devices and scalable, aligned heterostructure formation. The approach also allows single-step 2D material-to-device integration, which we illustrate by fabricating arrays of monolayer MoS2 transistors. As any exposure to solvents or polymers is avoided, the interfaces and surfaces remain pristine. Thus, intrinsic 2D material properties can be probed without the influence of processing steps. The materials can be further engineered through surface treatments and used to fabricate unconventional device form factors. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

关键词： Van der Waals forces

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The role of input imaging combination and ADC threshold on segmentation of acute ischemic stroke lesion using U-Net

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European Radiology 2023年第9期33卷 6157-6167页

作者： Li, Ya-Hui Lin, Shao-Chieh Chung, Hsiao-Wen Chang, Chia-Ching Peng, Hsu-Hsia Huang, Teng-Yi Shen, Wu-Chung Tsai, Chon-Haw Lo, Yu-Chien Lee, Tung-Yang Juan, Cheng-Hsuan Juan, Cheng-En Chang, Hing-Chiu Liu, Yi-Jui Juan, Chun-Jung Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital No. 199 Sec. 1 Xinglong Rd. Zhubei City Hsinchu County 302 Hsinchu Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Electrical and Communication Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Management Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Department of Radiology School of Medicine College of Medicine China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Neurology China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Cheng Ching Hospital Taichung Taiwan Master’s Program of Biomedical Informatics and Biomedical Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Department of Automatic Control Engineering Feng Chia University No. 100 Wenhwa Rd. Seatwen Taichung 40724 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong ERB1112 11/F William M.W. Mong Engineering Building N.T Shatin Hong Kong Multi-Scale Medical Robotics Center The Chinese University of Hong Kong N.T Shatin Hong Kong Department of Biomedical Engineering National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

Background: To evaluate the effect of the weighting of input imaging combo and ADC threshold on the performance of the U-Net and to find an optimized input imaging combo and ADC threshold in segmenting acute ischemic stroke (AIS) lesion. Methods: This study retrospectively enrolled a total of 212 patients having AIS. Four combos, including ADC-ADC-ADC (AAA), DWI-ADC-ADC (DAA), DWI-DWI-ADC (DDA), and DWI-DWI-DWI (DDD), were used as input images, respectively. Three ADC thresholds including 0.6, 0.8 and 1.8 × 10^–3 mm²/s were applied. Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was used to evaluate the segmentation performance of U-Nets. Nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test with Tukey–Kramer post-hoc tests were used for comparison. A p <.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The DSC significantly varied among different combos of images and different ADC thresholds. Hybrid U-Nets outperformed uniform U-Nets at ADC thresholds of 0.6 × 10^–3 mm²/s and 0.8 × 10^–3 mm²/s (p <.001). The U-Net with imaging combo of DDD had segmentation performance similar to hybrid U-Nets at an ADC threshold of 1.8 × 10^–3 mm²/s (p =.062 to 1). The U-Net using the imaging combo of DAA at the ADC threshold of 0.6 × 10^–3 mm²/s achieved the highest DSC in the segmentation of AIS lesion. Conclusions: The segmentation performance of U-Net for AIS varies among the input imaging combos and ADC thresholds. The U-Net is optimized by choosing the imaging combo of DAA at an ADC threshold of 0.6 × 10^–3 mm²/s in segmentating AIS lesion with highest DSC. Key Points: • Segmentation performance of U-Net for AIS differs among input imaging combos. • Segmentation performance of U-Net for AIS differs among ADC thresholds. • U-Net is optimized using DAA with ADC = 0.6 × 10^–3mm²/s. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Society of Radiology.

关键词： Deep Learning Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Ischemic Stroke Neural Networks, computer Retrospective Study

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