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arXiv 2024年

作者： Hashmi, Ammarah Shahzad, Sahibzada Adil Lin, Chia-Wen Tsao, Yu Wang, Hsin-Min Social Networks and Human-Centered Computing Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Institute of Information Science Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Institute of Information Systems and Applications National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan Department of Computer Science National Chengchi University Taipei11529 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering Institute of Communications Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan Research Center for Information Technology Innovation Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Institute of Information Science Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan

The emergence of contemporary deepfakes has attracted significant attention in machine learning research, as artificial intelligence (AI) generated synthetic media increases the incidence of misinterpretation and is difficult to distinguish from genuine content. Currently, machine learning techniques have been extensively studied for automatically detecting deepfakes. However, human perception has been less explored. Malicious deepfakes could ultimately cause public and social problems. Can we humans correctly perceive the authenticity of the content of the videos we watch? The answer is obviously uncertain;therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the human ability to discern deepfake videos through a subjective study. We present our findings by comparing human observers to five state-of-the-art deepfake detection models. To this end, we used gamification concepts to provide 110 participants (55 native English speakers and 55 non-native English speakers) with a web-based platform where they could access a series of 40 videos (20 real and 20 fake) to determine their authenticity. Each participant performed the experiment twice with the same 40 videos in different random orders. The videos are manually selected from the FakeAVCeleb dataset. We found that all AI models performed significantly better than humans when evaluated on the same 40 videos. The study also reveals that while deception is not impossible, humans tend to overestimate their detection capabilities. Our experimental results may help benchmark human versus machine performance, advance forensics analysis, and enable adaptive countermeasures. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Audiovisual

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Understanding Audiovisual Deepfake Detection: Techniques, Challenges, Human Factors and Perceptual Insights

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Hashmi, Ammarah Shahzad, Sahibzada Adil Lin, Chia-Wen Tsao, Yu Wang, Hsin-Min The Social Networks and Human-Centered Computing Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Institute of Information Science Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan The Institute of Information Systems and Applications National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan The Department of Computer Science National Chengchi University Taipei11529 Taiwan The Department of Electrical Engineering The Institute of Communications Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan The Research Center for Information Technology Innovation Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan The Institute of Information Science Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan

Deep Learning has been successfully applied in diverse fields, and its impact on deepfake detection is no exception. Deepfakes are fake yet realistic synthetic content that can be used deceitfully for political impersonation, phishing, slandering, or spreading misinformation. Despite extensive research on unimodal deepfake detection, identifying complex deepfakes through joint analysis of audio and visual streams remains relatively unexplored. To fill this gap, this survey first provides an overview of audiovisual deepfake generation techniques, applications, and their consequences, and then provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art methods that combine audio and visual modalities to enhance detection accuracy, summarizing and critically analyzing their strengths and limitations. Furthermore, we discuss existing open source datasets for a deeper understanding, which can contribute to the research community and provide necessary information to beginners who want to analyze deep learning-based audiovisual methods for video forensics. By bridging the gap between unimodal and multimodal approaches, this paper aims to improve the effectiveness of deepfake detection strategies and guide future research in cybersecurity and media integrity. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Audiovisual

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Distributed Embedded Platform for Controllers following the Supervisory Control Theory 3

Distributed Embedded Platform for Controllers following the ...

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3rd International Conference on electrical, Communication and computer engineering, ICECCE 2021

作者： Assmann, Joao Vitor Gotz, Marcelo Muller, Ivan Rettberg, Achim Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do sul Department of Automation and Energy Porto Alegre Brazil Electrical Engineering Postgraduation Program Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do sul Porto Alegre Brazil University of Applied Sciences Hamm-Lippstadt Department of Computer Science Lippstadt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781665438971

Supervisory Control Theory (SCT) is a powerful framework to design a controller for a Discrete Event System (DES). However, several issues appear because of the different nature of SCT and synchronous-based systems, on which a controller will be executed. While SCT, which relies on automata theory, is based on the occurrence of asynchronous events, a computer-based system is based on a synchronous digital system. Even though most of the contributions to overcome the problems derived by this fact concentrate on the usability for programming Logic Controllers, no significant contribution has been made for embedded execution platform. If so, it relies on the hand-coded implementation of the supervisor controller. The work here proposed, combines previous research contributions to develop an embedded and distributed platform for supervisor automata model execution. No code translation is required, since the models, after simulation, can be directly executed on the proposed platform. The results obtained by two case studies show the feasibility of the conceived platform. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Controllers

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FaSTrack:A Modular Framework for Real-Time Motion Planning and Guaranteed Safe Tracking

FaSTrack:A Modular Framework for Real-Time Motion Planning a...

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作者： Chen, Mo Herbert, Sylvia L. Hu, Haimin Pu, Ye Fisac, Jaime Fernandez Bansal, Somil Han, Soojean Tomlin, Claire J. School of Computing Science Simon Fraser University BurnabyBCV5A 1S6 Canada Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California San Diego San DiegoCA92122 United States Department of Electrical Engineering Princeton University PrincetonNJ08536 United States Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Melbourne ParkvilleVIC3010 Australia Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley BerkeleyCA94704 United States Control and Dynamical Systems Program California Institute of Technology Los AngelesCA90019 United States

Real-time, guaranteed safe trajectory planning is vital for navigation in unknown environments. However, real-time navigation algorithms typically sacrifice robustness for computation speed. Alternatively, provably safe trajectory planning tends to be too computationally intensive for real-time replanning. We propose FaSTrack, Fast and Safe Tracking, a framework that achieves both real-time replanning and guaranteed safety. In this framework, real-time computation is achieved by allowing any trajectory planner to use a simplified planning model of the system. The plan is tracked by the system, represented by a more realistic, higher dimensional tracking model. We precompute the tracking error bound (TEB) due to mismatch between the two models and due to external disturbances. We also obtain the corresponding tracking controller used to stay within the TEB. The precomputation does not require prior knowledge of the environment. We demonstrate FaSTrack using Hamilton-Jacobi reachability for precomputation and three different real-time trajectory planners with three different tracking-planning model pairs. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Real time systems

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Effect of Voltage Level on the Performance of Silicone Rubber in the Inclined Plane Tracking and Erosion Test

Effect of Voltage Level on the Performance of Silicone Rubbe...

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Conference on electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, (CEIDP)

作者： Basharat Mehmood Refat Ghunem Ayman El-Hag Mohammad K. Hassan Leena Al-Sulaiti Ahmed Abdala Electrical & Computer Engineering Department University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West Waterloo ON Metrology Research Center National Research Council of Canada (NRC) Ottawa ON Center for Advanced Materials Qatar University Chemical Engineering Program Texas A&M University at Qatar Doha Qatar

ISBN: (数字)9781665467957

ISBN: (纸本)9781665467964

This paper investigates the effect of the test voltage level on the performance of silicone rubber in inclined plane tracking and erosion test. Silicone rubber composites, filled with either alumina tri-hydrate or ground silica to 30 wt% or 50 wt%, are tested in inclined plane tracking and erosion test under 2.5 kV, 3.5 kV, and 4.5 kV. The degradation patterns of the tested silicone rubber surfaces are found dependent on the test voltage level during the inclined plane tracking and erosion test, as the dry-band arcing on silicone rubber tends to form tracks under relatively mild test voltages and deep erosion under the critical test voltage. These findings confirm the importance of employing the critical voltage while evaluating the erosion resistance of silicone rubber in the inclined plane tracking and erosion test. In addition, the critical test voltage of silicone rubber is found dependent on the amount of filler added to the composite.

关键词： Degradation Silicon compounds Resistance Insulation Systematics Voltage High-voltage techniques

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Double-slit interference with a caliper

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Physics Education 2020年第4期55卷 1-5页

作者： Wendt, Natália Carolina Schvan Sanas Zamboni, Rodrigo Muller, Marcia Fabris, José Luís Department of Physics Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil

The implementation of a simple double-slit for light interference experiments by using just three off-the-shelf, non-optical components is described. Thanks to the simplicity of the assemblage, the distance between the slits and slit width can be easily modified. The device can be used in teaching laboratories for quantitative experiments, as well as in demonstration classes. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： double-slit light interference single-slit

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Integration of allocentric and egocentric visual information in a convolutional/multilayer perceptron network model of goal-directed gaze shifts

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Cerebral Cortex 2022年第3期3卷 026-026页

作者： Abedi Khoozani, Parisa Bharmauria, Vishal Schutz, Adrian Wildes, Richard P Crawford, J. Douglas Centre for Vision Research and Vision: Science to Applications (VISTA) Program York University Toronto M3J 1P3 ON Canada Department of Neurophysics Phillips-University Marburg Marburg 35037 Germany Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science York University Toronto M3J 1P3 ON Canada Departments of Psychology Biology and Kinesiology & Health Sciences York University Toronto M3J 1P3 ON Canada

Allocentric (landmark-centered) and egocentric (eye-centered) visual codes are fundamental for spatial cognition, navigation, and goal-directed movement. Neuroimaging and neurophysiology suggest these codes are initially segregated, but then reintegrated in frontal cortex for movement control. We created and validated a theoretical framework for this process using physiologically constrained inputs and outputs. To implement a general framework, we integrated a convolutional neural network (CNN) of the visual system with a multilayer perceptron (MLP) model of the sensorimotor transformation. The network was trained on a task where a landmark shifted relative to the saccade target. These visual parameters were input to the CNN, the CNN output and initial gaze position to the MLP, and a decoder transformed MLP output into saccade vectors. Decoded saccade output replicated idealized training sets with various allocentric weightings and actual monkey data where the landmark shift had a partial influence (R2 = 0.8). Furthermore, MLP output units accurately simulated prefrontal response field shifts recorded from monkeys during the same paradigm. In summary, our model replicated both the general properties of the visuomotor transformations for gaze and specific experimental results obtained during allocentric-egocentric integration, suggesting it can provide a general framework for understanding these and other complex visuomotor behaviors. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press.

关键词： allocentric convolutional network egocentric multilayer perceptron saccades

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A robust feedback-linearization MPC with artificial target for UGVs

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Mechatronics 2025年 110卷

作者： Bruno S.S. Pereira Tito L.M. Santos Andre G.S. Conceicao Postgraduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Federal University of Bahia Rua Aristides Novis 02 Salvador 40210-630 Bahia Brazil Department of Robotics SENAI-CIMATEC Av. Orlando Gomes 1845 Salvador 41650-010 Bahia Brazil

This paper proposes a new robust feedback-linearization MPC for a class of Unmanned Ground Vehicles. A robust MPC for trajectory tracking with an artificial target is combined with a suitable constraint mapping to ensure robust constraint satisfaction and recursive feasibility despite the effect of bounded disturbances. The artificial reference provides a potentially enlarged domain of attraction, and an analytical target modification is used to achieve the convergence of the tracking error to a minimal robust positively invariant set. The feedback-linearization trade-off concerning the transformed constraints is also analyzed. A case study demonstrating the control strategy’s performance is presented using the Clearpath Husky A200 UGV and the OptiTrack motion capture system.

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Blue micro-LED with a red/green blended polymer film for 3.5-Gbps visible light communication employing adaptive SNR-Flattening Algorithm

Next Nanotechnology

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Next Nanotechnology 2024年 5卷

作者： Ho, Pin-Wei Cheng, Chih-Hsien Liao, Yu-Sheng Chi, Yu-Chieh Sadhu, Annada Sankar Matsumoto, Atsushi Akahane, Kouichi Chen, Li-Yin Kuo, Hao-Chung Lin, Gong-Ru Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei 106319 Taiwan National Institute of Information and Communications Technology Koganei Tokyo 184-8795 Japan SANWAY OPTOELECTRONICS TECH. CORP New Taipei City 235601 Taiwan Department of Photonics Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Photonics (UST) College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan Semiconductor Research Center Hon Hai Research Institute Taipei 11492 Taiwan NTU-Tektronix Joint Research Center Tektronix Inc. and National Taiwan University Taipei 106319 Taiwan

By the semipolar blue single GaN μ-LED and blended Ir(piq)2(acac) + CC-MP5 polymer thin film color converter, a high-speed white-light μ-LED-based system is built up for the applications of short-distance VLC. The characteristics and properties of both devices are analyzed to understand the requirements for transmission and illumination. By selecting the growing orient, the influence of QCSE is reduced in this GaN μ-LED. Meanwhile, possessing the low reflection characteristic, it is beneficial for signal modulation. For the polymer thin film color converter with a lifetime of 7.8 ns, low surface reflection and high conversion efficiency are thought of good properties. Color-converted cool white light has a CCT of around 7000 K and high color accuracy with a CRI of about 90. The APD-combined frequency responses of the GaN μ-LED and GaN μ-LED + polymer are measured as 750 MHz and 600 MHz, respectively. After the optimization by utilizing the adaptive SNR-flattening pre-emphasis algorithm, the transmission performance of the white-light μ-LED is significantly promoted. For NRZ-OOK encoding, a 1.4 Gbps 0.15-m free-space transmission is achieved with a rising time of 656.33 ps, a falling time of 493.32 ps, and a Q-factor of 4.75. Besides, in more advanced data formats, the performance of this white-light μ-LED can be better highlighted. For the same 0.15-m free-space VLC, a high-speed 3 Gbps broadband 8-QAM-OFDM transmission is fulfilled with an EVM of 23.9%, an average SNR of 12.5, and a BER below 3.8 × 10^-3;while to the best of our knowledge, a record 3.5 Gbps BL-DMT transmission is implemented as well. This white-light μ-LED can also be integrated into large-scale arrays for multi-functional VLC applications. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Adaptive SNR-Flattening algorithm Blue micro-LED Red/Green blended polymer Visible light communication

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Towards a Prosodic Model for Synthesized Speech of Mathematical Expressions in MathML 9

Towards a Prosodic Model for Synthesized Speech of Mathemati...

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9th International Conference on Software Development and Technologies for Enhancing Accessibility and Fighting Info-Exclusion, DSAI 2020

作者： Souza, Adriana Freitas, Diamantino Bahia Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology Porto Seguro Brazil Doctoral Program in Digital Media Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Porto Portugal Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of PortoPorto Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9781450389372

The use of the MathML language made possible to improve the accessibility of mathematics for blind or low-vision persons in digital media. Synthetic speech technologies have advanced significantly using MathML, however, the speech synthesizers' standard reading style is still not suitable for mathematics. Making mathematical reading of the speech synthesizers more natural and expressive is still a challenge. The creation of models to produce the appropriate prosody in the synthesized speech of math content is therefore necessary, as shown in previous research. This article presents a proposal for a model to improve prosody in the synthesized speech of mathematical expressions based on MathML. A corpus of mathematical expressions spoken by Mathematics teachers was created to support the model's development. The Fujisaki intonation model was adopted for intonation control, accent and phrase commands have been extracted from the corpus, and some adjustments have been made to manipulate prosodic parameters in the speech of mathematical expression in correlation with the MathML tree;additionally, a pattern of pauses control is being created. © 2020 ACM.

关键词： Digital storage

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