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Histogram specification by assignment of optimal unique values

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Ramos, Vítor S. de Q. Silveira, Luiz Felipe de Q. Silveira Júnior, Luiz Gonzaga Electrical and Computer Engineering Graduate Program Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil Computer Engineering and Automation Department Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil Communications Engineering Department Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil

In this paper, we propose two novel algorithms for histogram specification and quantile transformation of data without local information. These are core techniques that can serve as building blocks for applications that require specifying the sample distribution of a given set of data. Histogram specification is best known for its image enhancement applications, whereas quantile transformation is typically employed in data preprocessing for data normalization. In signal processing, methods often require temporal or spatial information;in data preprocessing, methods work by interpolation or by approximation, drawing from results in computational statistics, and have a trade-off between speed and quality. It is nontrivial to accommodate for cases that do not have local information (e.g., tabular data) while also providing a fast, exact solution. For that, we take up a concept in image processing called group mapping law and propose an extension. The proposed extension allows us to formulate a convex functional where we look for the best approximation between the output unique values and the reference histogram. Then, we apply the ordered assignment solution, a result in optimal transport, to reconstruct the output from the optimal unique values. Two sets of results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms when compared to traditional and state-of-the-art methods. The proposed algorithms are fast, exact, and least p-norm optimal. Further, we define the algorithms as generic data processing methods. Thus, contributions from this paper can be easily incorporated in applications spanning many disciplines, especially in applied data science. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graphic methods

StyleKQC: A Style-Variant Paraphrase Corpus for Korean Questions and Commands

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Cho, Won Ik Moon, Sangwhan Kim, Jong In Kim, Seok Min Kim, Nam Soo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering INMC Seoul National University Korea Republic of Department of Computer Science Tokyo Institute of Technology Japan Google LLC Interdisciplinary Program in Cognitive Science Seoul National University Korea Republic of

Paraphrasing is often performed with less concern for controlled style conversion. Especially for questions and commands, style-variant paraphrasing can be crucial in tone and manner, which also matters with industrial applications such as dialog systems. In this paper, we attack this issue with a corpus construction scheme that simultaneously considers the core content and style of directives, namely intent and formality, for the Korean language. Utilizing manually generated natural language queries on six daily topics, we expand the corpus to formal and informal sentences by human rewriting and transferring. We verify the validity and industrial applicability of our approach by checking the adequate classification and inference performance that fit with conventional fine-tuning approaches, at the same time proposing a supervised formality transfer task. © 2021, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Natural language processing systems

Large-Scale Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of an eVTOL Aircraft Using Comprehensive Analysis

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Large-Scale Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of an eVTO...

AIAA SciTech Forum and Exposition, 2023

作者： Sarojini, Darshan Ruh, Marius L. Sperry, Mark Yan, Jiayao Fletcher, Andrew Joshy, Anugrah Jo Scotzniovsky, Luca Ivanov, Alexander Orndorff, Nicholas Gandarillas, Victor Asher, Isaac Chambers, Jeff Gill, Hyunjune Lee, Seongkyu Cheng, Zeyu Rodriguez, Gabriel Zhao, Shuofeng Mi, Chunting Nascenzi, Thomas Cuatt, Timothy Winter, Tyler Guibert, Alexandre Cronk, Ashley Kim, Alicia Meng, Shirley Hwang, John T. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr La Jolla CA92093 United States Flight Physics Aurora Flight Sciences A Boeing Company 9950 Wakeman Drive ManassasVA20110 United States Engineering Department Aurora Flight Sciences A Boeing Company 9950 Wakeman Drive ManassasVA20110 United States Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California Davis 1 Shields Avenue DavisCA95616 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Dr San Diego92182 United States Research and Development M4 Engineering Inc 4020 Long Beach Blvd # 2 Long BeachCA90807 United States Structural Engineering Department University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr La Jolla CA92093 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr La Jolla CA92093 United States Department of NanoEngineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr La Jolla CA92093 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624106996

ISBN: (纸本)9781624106996

This paper presents a framework under development for enabling large-scale multi-fidelity modeling and optimization of electric vertical takeoff and landing concepts (eVTOL). The key features of the framework are a geometry-centric approach to multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO), a modular functional-form representation of the disciplines involved in aircraft design, and fully automated derivative computations thereby allowing efficient gradient-based optimization. The framework is first presented in a general manner agnostic to the vehicle concept or the physics-based analyses used. The key disciplines involved in the design of eVTOL aircraft and the couplings between the disciplines are described. The framework is then applied to the design of the NASA lift-plus-cruise concept. Low-fidelity solvers of aerodynamics, propulsion, structural estimation, acoustics, powertrain, and battery are coupled together. The optimization considers 108 design variables and 16 constraints. It is shown that MDO considering geometric variables results in a design with lower gross mass than when the geometric variables are not considered. The optimization turnaround time of 30 minutes on a standard workstation demonstrates the capabilities of fully-coupled large-scale MDO using gradient-based optimization. The framework is under development and an open-source version will be released in the near future. © 2023, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Geometry

All-antiferromagnetic electrically controlled memory on silicon featuring large tunneling magnetoresistance

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Shi, Jiacheng Lopez-Dominguez, Victor Arpaci, Sevdenur Sangwan, Vinod K. Mahfouzi, Farzad Kim, Jinwoong Athas, Jordan G. Hamdi, Mohammad Aygen, Can Phatak, Charudatta Carpentieri, Mario Jiang, Jidong S. Grayson, Matthew A. Kioussis, Nicholas Finocchio, Giovanni Hersam, Mark C. Amiri, Pedram Khalili Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Universitat Jaume I Castellón12006 Spain Applied Physics Program Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy California State University Northridge NorthridgeCA91330 United States Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL60439 United States Department of Electrical and Information Engineering Politecnico di Bari Bari Italy Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences University of Messina Messina98166 Italy Department of Chemistry Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States

Antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials are a pathway to spintronic memory and computing devices with unprecedented speed, energy efficiency, and bit density. Realizing this potential requires AFM devices with simultaneous electrical writing and reading of information, which are also compatible with established silicon-based manufacturing. Recent experiments have shown tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) readout in epitaxial AFM tunnel junctions. However, these TMR structures were not grown using a silicon-compatible deposition process, and controlling their AFM order required external magnetic fields. Here we show three-terminal AFM tunnel junctions based on the noncollinear antiferromagnet PtMn3, sputter-deposited on silicon. The devices simultaneously exhibit electrical switching using electric currents, and electrical readout by a large room-temperature TMR effect. First-principles calculations explain the TMR in terms of the momentum-resolved spin-dependent tunneling conduction in tunnel junctions with noncollinear AFM electrodes. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silicon

Analysis of high-power packages for white-light-emitting diode lamps with remote phosphor

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2021年第1期892卷 166-171页

作者： Hong Luo Jong Kyu Kim Yangang Xi E. Fred Schubert Jaehee Cho Cheolsoo Sone Yongjo Park Department of Physics Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy USA Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Department Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy USA Photonics Program Team Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Suwon Korea

An optimized packaging configuration for high-power white-light-emitting diode (LED) lamps that employs a diffuse reflector cup, a remote phosphor and a hemi-spherically-shaped encapsulation is presented. Ray tracing simulations for this configuration show that the phosphor efficiency can be enhanced by up to 50% over conventional packages. It is experimentally shown that dichromatic LED lamps with remote phosphor and diffuse reflector cup configuration have higher phosphor efficiency by 15.4% for blue-pumped yellow phosphor and by 27% for ultraviolet-pumped blue phosphor over conventional packages. Those improvements are attributed to reduced absorption of the phosphorescence by the LED chip and the reduction of deterministic optical modes trapped inside the encapsulant.

关键词： packaging optoelectronic optical properties

Quantifying Efficiency of Remote Excitation for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy in Molecular Junctions

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Liao, Shusen Zhu, Yunxuan Ye, Qian Sanders, Stephen Yang, Jiawei Alabastri, Alessandro Natelson, Douglas Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is enabled by local surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) in metallic nanogaps. When SERS is excited by direct illumination of the nanogap, the background heating of lattice and electrons can prevent further manipulation of the molecules. To overcome this issue, we report SERS in electromigrated gold molecular junctions excited remotely: surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are excited at nearby gratings, propagate to the junction, and couple to the local nanogap plasmon modes. Like direct excitation, remote excitation of the nanogap can generate both SERS emission and an open-circuit photovoltage (OCPV). We compare SERS intensity and OCPV in both direct and remote illumination configurations. SERS spectra obtained by remote excitation are much more stable than those obtained through direct excitation when photon count rates are comparable. By statistical analysis of 33 devices, coupling efficiency of remote excitation is calculated to be around 10%, consistent with the simulated energy flow. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Raman spectroscopy

Biophysics of amplitude-modulated giga-hertz electromagnetic waves stimulation

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Biophysics of amplitude-modulated giga-hertz electromagnetic...

Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & computers

作者： Fatima Ahsan Aravind C. Govindaraju Robert M. Raphael Taiyun Chi Sameer A. Sheth Wayne Goodman Behnaam Aazhang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston TX USA Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curly Institute Rice University Houston TX Department of Bioengineering Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Neurosurgery Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA

This paper presents the biophysical modeling for neuronal stimulation caused by amplitude-modulated giga-hertz (GHz) electromagnetic (EM) waves. We model a 1D cable equation for electrical signal propagation in a vestibular ganglion neuronal fiber and use Hodgkin-Huxley formalism to model voltage-dependent channel conductances. We find out that for a given stimulation signal strength, the GHz waveform amplitude-modulated at a low frequency of Δf causes neuronal firing with the frequency of Δf whereas the continuous wave GHz did not elicit any neuronal firing. Moreover, the voltage-dependent channel gating dynamics of the Δf amplitude-modulated GHz stimulation matches that of a simple low frequency stimulation at Δf. Additionally, we find that the modulation depth controls the firing rate of the neurons. The significance of this property is that the amplitude modulation caused by the interference of two similar high frequency signals could be leveraged to focally excite neurons at depth without stimulating overlying cortical regions. These theoretical predictions based on the Hodgkin-Huxley model can later be tested experimentally.

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Personnel System Development with Integrated Military Education Information System (MEIS) in Supporting the Personnel Position and Career 7

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Personnel System Development with Integrated Military Educat...

7th International Conference on ICT for Smart Society, ICISS 2020

作者： Setyaningrum, Leli Supangkat, Suhono H. Warnars, Harco Leslie Hendric Spits Abraham, Juneman Abdurachman, Edi Bina Nusantara University Doctorate Program of Computer Science Jakata Barat11530 Indonesia Institut Teknologi Bandung School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Bandung40132 Indonesia Nusantara University Graduate Program Doctor of Computer Science Bina Computer Science Department BINUS Jakarta11530 Indonesia Bina Nusantara University BINUS Faculty of Humanities Psychology Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665404228

Personnel and education data very important for organizations, including the military. All data related to military personnel will give effect positions and careers in the military field. The integration of personnel and education data can assist in processing and decision making. An analysis is needed so that the developed system can be useful for the long term. Analysis with IT balanced scorecard and COBIT® 2019, will be able to help and fill the gaps in the existing system based on the objectives of the military organization itself. It is shown that the domains BAI05 (Managed Organizational Change) and DSS02 (Managed Service Requests and Incidents) are still not being implemented well. The system developed will have the features and capabilities to support the organization in achieving its goals, including in the field of staffing and education. Besides, it provides convenience in making decisions in terms of positions related to personnel careers. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Decision making

Unavoidable emergent biaxiality in chiral molecular-colloidal hybrid liquid crystals

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wu, Jin-Sheng Lázaro, Marina Torres Ghosh, Souvik Mundoor, Haridas Wensink, Henricus H. Smalyukh, Ivan I. Department of Physics and Chemical Physics Program University of Colorado BoulderCO United States Laboratoire de Physique des Solides UMR 8502 Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Orsay91405 France International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter Hiroshima University Higashihiroshima Japan Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program and Soft Materials Research Center University of Colorado BoulderCO United States Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States

Chiral nematic or cholesteric liquid crystals (LCs) are chiral mesophases with long-ranged orientational order featuring a quasi-layered periodicity imparted by a helical director configuration but lacking positional order. Doping molecular cholesteric LCs with thin colloidal rods with a large length-to-width ratio or disks with a large diameter-to-thickness ratio adds another level of complexity to the system because of the interplay between weak surface anchoring boundary conditions and bulk-based elastic distortions around the particle-LC interface. By using colloidal disks and rods with different geometric shapes and boundary conditions, we demonstrate that these anisotropic colloidal inclusions exhibit biaxial orientational probability distributions, where they have tendencies to orient with the long rod axes and disk normals perpendicular to the helix axis, thus imparting strong local biaxiality on the hybrid cholesteric LC structure. Unlike the situation in non-chiral hybrid molecular-colloidal LCs, where biaxial order emerges only at modest to high volume fractions of the anisotropic colloidal particles, above a uniaxial-biaxial transition concentration, the orientational probability distribution of colloidal inclusions immersed in chiral nematic hosts are unavoidably biaxial even at vanishingly low particle volume fractions. In addition, the colloidal inclusions induce local biaxiality in the molecular orientational order of the LC host medium, which enhances the weak biaxiality of the LC in a chiral nematic phase coming from the symmetry breaking caused by the presence of the helical axis. With the help of analytical modeling and computer simulations based on minimizing the Landau de Gennes free energy of the host LC around the colloidal inclusions, we explain our experimental findings and conclude that the biaxial order of chiral molecular-colloidal LCs is strongly enhanced as compared to both achiral molecular-colloidal LCs and molecular cholesteric LCs

关键词： Probability distributions