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Reduction of interface defects in gate-recessed GaN HEMTs by neutral beam etching

Materials Today Advances 2024年 23卷

作者： Yu, Chia Hao Chiang, Wei Hsiang Chen, Yi-Ho Samukawa, Seiji Wuu, Dong Sing Chung, Chin-Han Hsiao, Ching-Lien Horng, Ray Hua Institute of Electronics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Chung Hsing University Graduate Degree Program of College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Institute of Comunications Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering National Chi Nan University International College of Semiconductor Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Thin Film Physics Division Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology (IFM) Linköping University

This study investigates and compares the impact of different etching techniques on the fabrication of GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) between the inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE) and the neutral beam etching (NBE) for the gate recess. By conducting direct current analysis, it was found that devices manufactured using the NBE exhibited superior electrical performance as compared with those produced using the ICP-RIE. These enhanced electrical characteristics include a transconductance of up to 100.4 mS/mm, a threshold voltage (V_th) of −2.3 V, an on/off current ratio of 1.1 × 10⁹, a subthreshold swing (S.S.) of 99.63 mV/dec, and a remarkably low gate leakage current. Additionally, we noted varying degrees of hysteresis in the I–V characteristics were related to process disparities possibly leading to interface defects. Multi-frequency capacitance-voltage (C–V) measurements were used to identify the interface defects at the oxide/AlGaN interface of the gate. The results revealed that devices fabricated using the NBE exhibited a lower interface defect density as compared with those fabricated using the ICP-RIE, thereby elucidating the reduced hysteresis observed in the I–V characteristics. These findings indicated the significant advantages of the NBE process in the fabrication of GaN HEMTs. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： GaN HEMTs Gate recess Interface defects Multi-frequency C–V Neutral beam etching

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Phased Array Beamforming Methods for Powering Biomedical Ultrasonic Implants

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Benedict, Braeden C. Ghanbari, Mohammad Meraj Muller, Rikky UC Berkeley UC San Francisco Joint Program in Bioengineering BerkeleyCA94720 United States The Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States The Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San FranciscoCA94158 United States

Millimeter-scale implants using ultrasound for power and communication have been proposed for a range of deep-tissue applications, including neural recording and stimulation. However, published implementations have shown high sensitivity to misalignment with the external ultrasound transducer. Ultrasonic beamforming using a phased array to these implants can improve tolerance to misalignment, reduce implant volume, and allow multiple implants to be operated simultaneously in different locations. This paper details the design of a custom planar phased array ultrasound system, which is capable of steering and focusing ultrasound power within a 3D volume. Analysis and simulation is performed to determine the choice of array element pitch, with special attention given to maximizing the power available at the implant while meeting FDA limits for diagnostic ultrasound. Time reversal is proposed as a computationally simple approach to beamforming that is robust despite scattering and inhomogeneity of the acoustic medium. This technique is demonstrated both in active drive and pulse-echo modes, and it is experimentally compared with other beamforming techniques by measuring energy transfer efficiency. Simultaneous power delivery to multiple implants is also demonstrated. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Beamforming

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Negative photo conductivity triggered with visible light in wide bandgap oxide-based optoelectronic crossbar memristive array for photograph sensing and neuromorphic computing applications

npj Unconventional Computing

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npj Unconventional Computing 2024年第1期1卷 1-9页

作者： Dayanand Kumar Hanrui Li Manoj Kumar Rajbhar Abdul Momin Syed Nazek El-Atab Amit Singh Hoonkyung Lee Smart Advanced Memory Devices and Applications (SAMA) Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Program Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Manchester Manchester UK Department of Physics Konkuk University Seoul Republic of Korea

Photoresponsivity studies of wide-bandgap oxide-based devices have emerged as a vibrant and popular research area. Researchers have explored various material systems in their quest to develop devices capable of responding to illumination. In this study, we engineered a mature wide-bandgap oxide-based bilayer heterostructure synaptic memristor to emulate the human brain for applications in neuromorphic computing and photograph sensing. The device exhibits advanced electric and electrophotonic synaptic functions, such as long-term potentiation (LTP), long-term depression (LTD), and paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), by applying successive electric and photonic pulses. Moreover, the device exhibits exceptional electrical SET and photonic RESET endurance, maintaining its stability for a minimum of 1200 cycles without any degradation. Density functional theory calculations of the band structures provide insights into the conduction mechanism of the device. Based on this memristor array, we developed an autoencoder and convolutional neural network for noise reduction and image recognition tasks, which achieves a peak signal-to-noise ratio of 562 and high accuracy of 84.23%, while consuming lower energy by four orders of magnitude compared with the Tesla P40 GPU. This groundbreaking research not only opens doors for the integration of our device into image processing but also represents a significant advancement in the realm of in-memory computing and photograph-sensing features in a single cell.

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Broadband Coherent Wave Control Through Photonic Collisions at Time Interfaces

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Galiffi, Emanuele Xu, Gengyu Yin, Shixiong Moussa, Hady Ra'di, Younes Alù, Andrea Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York 85 St. Nicholas Terrace New York10031 United States Department of Electrical Engineering City College City University of New York United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Syracuse University SyracuseNY13244 United States

Coherent wave control exploits the interference among multiple waves impinging on a system to suppress or enhance outgoing signals based on their relative phase and amplitude. This process inherently requires the combination of non-Hermiticity, in order to enable energy exchanges among the waves, and spatial interfaces in order to tailor their scattering. Here we explore the temporal analogue of this phenomenon, based on time-interfaces that support instantaneous non-Hermitian scattering events for photons. Based on this mechanism, we demonstrate ultra-broadband temporal coherent wave control and the photonic analogue of mechanical collisions with phase-tunable elastic features. We apply them to erase, enhance and reshape arbitrary pulses by suitably tailoring the amplitude and phase of counterpropagating signals. Our findings provide a pathway to effectively sculpt broadband light with light without requiring spatial boundaries, within an ultrafast and low-energy platform. © 2022, CC BY.

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LANDMARK ALTERNATING DIFFUSION

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Yeh, Sing-Yuan Wu, Hau-Tieng Talmon, Ronen Tsui, Mao-Pei Data Science Degree Program National Taiwan University Academia Sinica Taipei106 Taiwan Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York University New YorkNY10012 United States Viterbi Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa3200003 Israel Department of Mathematics National Taiwan University Taipei106 Taiwan National Center for Theoretical Sciences Mathematics Division Taipei106 Taiwan

Alternating Diffusion (AD) is a commonly applied diffusion-based sensor fusion algorithm. While it has been successfully applied to various problems, its computational burden remains a limitation. Inspired by the landmark diffusion idea considered in the Robust and Scalable Embedding via Landmark Diffusion (ROSELAND), we propose a variation of AD, called Landmark AD (LAD), which captures the essence of AD while offering superior computational efficiency. We provide a series of theoretical analyses of LAD under the manifold setup and apply it to the automatic sleep stage annotation problem with two electroencephalogram channels to demonstrate its *** Codes 53Z50, 65D18 © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Diffusion

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Measurement of Water Diffusion Coefficient in Cross-Linked Gelatins Using the Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy Technique

Measurement of Water Diffusion Coefficient in Cross-Linked G...

引用

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： D. Walden D. Chakraborty J. Cheng A. Straksys A. Stirke W. CMA Melo A. Jukna I. Komissarov Roman Sobolewski Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Rochester Rochester New York USA Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of Rochester Rochester New York USA Materials Science Graduate Program University of Rochester Rochester New York USA State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences & Technology Vilnius Lithuania Department of Physics Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Vilnius Lithuania Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester Rochester New York USA

A novel method has been developed to evaluate the water diffusion dynamics in gelatin-based gels, based on transient terahertz time-domain spectroscopy measurements. Such gels are widely used models for human skin.

ISBN: (纸本)9798350369311

关键词： Spectroscopy Measurement by laser beam Lasers and electrooptics Laser modes Skin Time-domain analysis Transient analysis Electro-optical waveguides

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Protomon: A Multimode Qubit in the Fluxonium Molecule

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Kumar, Shashwat You, Xinyuan Croot, Xanthe Zhao, Tianpu Chen, Danyang Sussman, Sara Premkumar, Anjali Bryon, Jacob Koch, Jens Houck, Andrew A. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Northwestern–Fermilab Center for Applied Physics and Superconducting Technologies Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Graduate Program in Applied Physics Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Physics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States

Qubits that are intrinsically insensitive to depolarization and dephasing errors promise to significantly reduce the overhead of fault-tolerant quantum computing. At their optimal operating points, the logical states of these qubits exhibit both exponentially suppressed matrix elements and sweet spots in energy dispersion, rendering the qubits immune to depolarization and dephasing, respectively. We introduce a multimode qubit, the protomon, encoded in a fluxonium molecule circuit. Compared to the closely related 0–π qubit, the protomon offers several advantages in theory: resilience to circuit parameter disorder, minimal dephasing from intrinsic harmonic modes, and no dependence on static offset charge. As a proof of concept, we realize four protomon qubits. By tuning the qubits to various operating points identified with calibrated two-tone spectroscopy, we measure depolarization times ranging from 64 to 73 µs and dephasing times between 0.2 to 0.5 µs for one selected qubit. The discrepancy between the relatively short measured coherence times and theoretical predictions is not fully understood. This calls for future studies investigating the limiting noise factors, informing the direction for improving coherence times of the protomon qubit. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Qubits

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Novel diamond shuttle to deliver flexible neural probe with reduced tissue compression

引用

Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 903-915页

作者： Kyounghwan Na Zachariah J.Sperry Jiaao Lu Mihaly Voroslakos Saman S.Parizi Tim M.Bruns Euisik Yoon John P.Seymour Electrical Engineering&Computer Science Department University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48105USA Biomedical Engineering Department University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48105USA Biointerfaces Institute University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48105USA The Neuroscience Institute New York UniversityNew YorkNY 10016USA Center for Nanomedicine Institute for Basic Science(IBS)Seoul 03722Korea Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering(Nano BME) Yonsei-IBS InstituteYonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Korea Vivian L Smith Department of Neurosurgery University of Texas Health Science CenterHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77005USA

The ability to deliver flexible biosensors through the toughest membranes of the central and peripheral nervous system is an important challenge in neuroscience and neural *** devices implanted through dura mater and thick epineurium would ideally create minimal compression and acute damage as they reach the neurons of *** demonstrate that a three-dimensional diamond shuttle can be easily made with a vertical support to deliver ultra-compliant polymer microelectrodes(4.5-µm thick)through dura mater and thick *** diamond shuttle has 54%less cross-sectional area than an equivalently stiff silicon shuttle,which we simulated will result in a 37%reduction in blood vessel *** also discovered that higher frequency oscillation of the shuttle(200Hz)significantly reduced tissue compression regardless of the insertion speed,while slow speeds also independently reduced tissue *** and recording performance are demonstrated in rat and feline models,but the large design space of these tools are suitable for research in a variety of animal models and nervous system targets.

关键词： sectional neural thick

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Deep Automatic Alignment of Mpox Dermatological Hand Photography 22

Deep Automatic Alignment of Mpox Dermatological Hand Photogr...

引用

22nd IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, ISBI 2025

作者： Jiang, Bohan McNeil, Andrew Liu, Yihao Rudravaram, Gaurav Saknite, Inga Mbala-Kingebeni, Placide Mbaya, Olivier Tshiani Silaphet, Tyra Weiss, Rachel Dodd, Lori E. Nussenblatt, Veronique Moyer, Daniel Landman, Bennett A. Dawant, Benoit M. Tkaczyk, Eric R. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN United States Department of Dermatology Vanderbilt University Medical Center NashvilleTN United States Dermatology Service and Research Service Department of Veterans Affairs NashvilleTN United States Department of Computer Science Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN United States Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale Kinshasa Democratic Republic Congo Clinical Monitoring Research Program Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research FrederickMD United States Clinical Trials Research Section Division of Clinical Research National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease BethesdaMD United States Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases BethesdaMD United States Biophotonics Laboratory University of Latvia Riga Latvia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520526

Mpox is a viral illness with heavy cutaneous involvement. Automatic tracking of mpox lesion progression is critical in determining the resolution of evolving lesions. This work introduces a novel application of deep learning for lesion monitoring through alignment of dermatological hand photographs. By adapting the VoxelMorph framework for 2D photographic data, we explore key point alignment across serial images. We trained our neural network model on a unique dataset of 1,658 hand images and evaluated its performance on a test set of 254 images. Additionally, we validated the method's generalizability with a supplementary set of 500 images, which included extensive Mpox infection. Our findings indicate modest yet significant improvements in key points and lesion center registration across different regularization strengths. Although promising, the complexity of hand structure presents challenges, requiring cautious application and further refinement, especially in regions with intense spatial discontinuities, such as interdigital areas. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Image registration

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A comparison on the use of Perlin-noise and Gaussian noise based augmentation on X-ray classification of lung cancer patient 1

A comparison on the use of Perlin-noise and Gaussian noise b...

引用

1st International Symposium on Physics and Applications, ISPA 2020

作者： Haekal, M. Septiawan, R.R. Haryanto, F. Arif, I. Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences and Data Analytics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Kampus ITS Sukolilo-Surabaya Jawa Timur60111 Indonesia Computer Engineering Study Program School of Electrical Engineering Telkom University Jl. Telekomunikasi No.1 Jawa Barat Bandung40257 Indonesia Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganeca 10 Jawa Barat Bandung40132 Indonesia

The use of deep learning in medical image classification has become an important study in the past few years. The proper use of this method, however, is still hindered by many problems, one of it being the imbalance of dataset available for training which resulted in small-set database. In this study, the effect of noise-based augmentation on the performance of deep learning based classification will be studied. The noises which were used for the augmentation method were Perlin-noise and Gaussian noise. The modality of medical image used in this study is X-ray. 174 X-ray images (87 cancer, 87 normal) were used in this study and will be classified by using transfer learning from previously trained deep learning architecture. The deep learning architecture used was vgg-19. The images were divided into two groups, 138 (69 cancer, 69 normal) images were used for training phase and 36 (18 cancer, 18 normal) were images used for testing phase. Three deep learning models were used for the classification tasks, the first one was retrained to classify the original images, the second one was retrained by using mix of original images and images with Perlin-noise, and the third one was retrained by using mix of original images and images with Gaussian noise. The results showed that the three models returned similar accuracy of 0.8 which indicate that the use of noise-based augmentation can increase the performance of deep learning in classifying medical images with small set training database. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Classification (of information)

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