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SSRN 2025年

作者： Li, Liqiao Yao, Yuan Niu, Muchuan Chen, Haoxuan Yu, Qiao Wu, Qingyang Li, Yuhang Zhang, Yijie Ozcan, Aydogan Jerrett, Michael Zhu, Yifang Department of Environmental Health Sciences Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health University of California Los Angeles Los AngelesCA United States Institute of Environment and Sustainability University of California Los Angeles Los AngelesCA United States Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of California Los Angeles Los AngelesCA United States RAND Health Sciences Program United States

The global shift to electric vehicles necessitates the expansion of Direct Current Fast Charging (DCFC) stations, yet the related environmental and public health impacts remain unclear. Here, we report that the power cabinet at DCFC stations emit fine particulate matter (PM2.5). We collected integrated filter samples from 50 DCFC stations across 47 cities in Los Angeles County, California. The daily PM2.5 concentrations were between 7.3 and 39.0 µg m-3, significantly higher than urban background sites (p = 0.02) and the nearest U.S. EPA monitoring stations (p © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Air quality

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Fault Detection of Biological Phenomena Modeled by S-systems ⁎

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2018年第24期51卷 1305-1310页

作者： Mansouri, Majdi Harkat, Mohamed-Faouzi Nounou, Hazem Nounou, Mohamed Electrical and Computer Engineering Program Texas A&M University at Qatar Doha Qatar Chemical Engineering Program Texas A&M University at Qatar Doha Qatar

In this work we propose a novel fault detection (FD) technique in order to enhance monitoring of biological processes. To do that, a new statistical FD method, that is based on combining the advantages of the double exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA), called Max-DEWMA, with those of the particle filtering (PF), and multiscale representation is developed. The advantages of PF-based multiscale (MS) Max-DEWMA (M-DEWMA) are threefold: (i) the dynamical multiscale representation is proposed to extract accurate deterministic features and decorrelate autocorrelated measurements; (ii) PF is proposed to estimate the states of biological processes; (iii) MS-M-DEWMA chart is able to detect smaller fault shifts in the mean/variances and enhance the monitoring of biological processes. The FD performance is studied using Cad System in E. coli (CSEC) model. PF-based MS-M-DEWMA is used to enhance FD of the CSEC model through monitoring some of the key variables involved in this model such as enzymes, lysine and cadaverine. © 2018

关键词： Fault detection Amino acids computer aided design Escherichia coli Finite difference method Monte Carlo methods Autocorrelated Biological phenomena Biological process E. coli Exponentially weighted moving average Max Double Multiscale representations Particle Filtering

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Analysis of Security Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures of Ethernet Passive Optical Network(EPON)

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China Communications 2007年第3期4卷 17-29页

作者： Stamatios V.Kartalopoulos Pramode K.Verma School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Telecommunications Systems Program University of Oklahoma-Tulsa Tulsa OK 74135 USA

Ethernet-based Passive Optical Network(EPON) is considered a very promising solution for the first mile problem of the next generation *** to its particular characteristic of shared media structure,EPON suffers many security vulnerabilities. Communication security must be guaranteed when EPON is applied in *** paper gives a general introduction to the EPON system,analyzes the potential threats and attacks pertaining to the EPON system,and presents effective countermea-sures against these threats and attacks with emphasis on the authentication protocols and key distribution.

关键词： EPON security vulnerabilities attacks countermeasures authentication protocols key distribution

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Wearable continuous diffusion-based skin gas analysis

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Nature Communications 2025年第1期16卷 1-15页

作者： Clausen, David Farley, Max Little, Abigail Kasper, Kevin Moreno, Joseph Limesand, Larissa Gutruf, Philipp Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arizona Tucson 85721 AZ United States Department of Physiology University of Arizona Tucson 85721 AZ United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Arizona Tucson 85721 AZ United States Bio5 Institute University of Arizona Tucson 85721 AZ United States Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program University of Arizona Tucson 85721 AZ United States

Biophysical signals such as motion and optically acquired hemodynamics represent foundational sensing modalities for wearables. Expansion of this toolset is vital for the progression of digital medicine. Current efforts utilize biofluids such as sweat and interstitial fluid with primarily adhesively mounted sensors that are fundamentally limited by epidermal turnover. A class of potential biomarkers that is largely unexplored are gaseous emissions from the body. In this work, we introduce an approach to capture emission of gas from the skin with a leaky cavity designed to allow for diffusion-based ambient gas exchange with the environment. This approach, coupled with differential measurement of ambient and in-cavity gas concentrations, allows for the real-time analysis of sweat rate, VOCs, and CO₂ while performing everyday tasks. The resulting biosignals are recorded with temporal resolutions that exceed current methodology, providing unparalleled insight into physiological processes without requiring sensor replacement over weeks at a time. © The Author(s) 2025.

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Measurement of peripheral nerve magnetostimulation thresholds of a head solenoid coil between 200 Hz and 88.1 kHz

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IEEE Journal of Translational engineering in Health and Medicine 2025年

作者： Barksdale, Alex C. Ferris, Natalie G. Mattingly, Eli Sliwiak, Monika Guerin, Bastien Wald, Lawrence L. Davids, Mathias Klein, Valerie MIT Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Cambridge MA United States Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Charlestown MA United States Harvard University Harvard Graduate Program in Biophysics Cambridge MA United States Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Boston MA United States Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States

Objective: Magnetic fields switching at kilohertz frequencies induce electric fields in the body, which can cause peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS). Although magnetostimulation has been extensively studied below 10 kHz, the behavior of PNS at higher frequencies remains poorly understood. This study aims to investigate PNS thresholds at frequencies up to 88.1 kHz and to explore deviations from the widely accepted hyperbolic strength-duration curve (SDC). Methods and procedures: PNS thresholds were measured in the head of 8 human volunteers using a solenoidal coil at 16 distinct frequencies, ranging from 200 Hz to 88.1 kHz. A hyperbolic SDC was used as a reference to compare the frequency-dependent behavior of PNS thresholds. Results: Contrary to the predictions of the hyperbolic SDC, PNS thresholds did not decrease monotonically with frequency. Instead, thresholds reached a minimum near 25 kHz, after which they increased by an average of 39% from 25 kHz to 88.1 kHz across subjects. This pattern indicates a significant deviation from previously observed behavior at lower frequencies. Conclusion: Our results suggest that PNS thresholds exhibit a non-monotonic frequency dependence at higher frequencies, diverging from the traditional hyperbolic SDC. These findings offer critical data for refining neurodynamic models and provide insights for setting PNS safety limits in applications like MRI gradient coils and magnetic particle imaging (MPI). Further investigation is needed to understand the biological mechanisms driving these deviations beyond 25 kHz. Clinical impact: These findings call for further basic research into biological mechanisms underlying high frequency PNS threshold trends, and supports refinement of safety guidelines for MRI and MPI systems for clinical implementation. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： high frequency magnetostimulation magnetic particle imaging (MPI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) MRI gradient safety peripheral nerve stimulation

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CAUSAL SOURCE CODES

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY 1982年第5期28卷 701-713页

作者： NEUHOFF, DL GILBERT, RK Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Computer Information and Control Engineering Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

Causal source codes are defined. These include quantizers, delta modulators, differential pulse code modulators, and adaptive versions of these. Several types of causal codes are identified. For memoryless sources it is shown that the optimum performance attainable by causal codes can be achieved by memoryless codes or by time-sharing memoryless codes. This optimal performance can be evaluated straightforwardly.

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A Discontinuous Galerkin Time-Domain Method to Simulate Metasurfaces using Generalized Sheet Transition Conditions

A Discontinuous Galerkin Time-Domain Method to Simulate Meta...

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2022 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting, AP-S/URSI 2022

作者： Chen, Liang Ozakin, Mehmet Burak Zhao, Ran Bagci, Hakan Electrical and Computer Engineering Program Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (数字)9781665496582

ISBN: (纸本)9781665496582

The generalized sheet transition conditions (GSTCs) are incorporated into a discontinuous Galerkin time-domain (DGTD) method to efficiently simulate metasurfaces. The numerical flux for GSTCs is derived for the first time using the Rankine-Hugoniot jump conditions. This numerical flux includes time derivatives of fields and therefore explicit time integration schemes that are traditionally used with DGTD do not yield a stable time marching method. To alleviate this bottleneck, a new time marching scheme, which solves a local matrix system for the unknowns of the elements touching the same GSTC face, is developed. Numerical results, which validate the accuracy of the proposed method against analytical solutions and demonstrate its applicability to the simulation of curved and space/time-varying metasurfaces, are presented. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Numerical methods

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Multiphysics Analysis of Screening Effects on Terahertz Photoconductive Devices

Multiphysics Analysis of Screening Effects on Terahertz Phot...

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2022 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting, AP-S/URSI 2022

作者： Chen, Liang Dong, Ming Bagci, Hakan Electrical and Computer Engineering Program Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (数字)9781665496582

ISBN: (纸本)9781665496582

Output saturation observed for high power levels of input optical pump is a well-known bottleneck in the operation of terahertz photoconductive devices (PCDs). This saturation is a result of various screening effects that stem from the interactions between electromagnetic fields and semiconductor charge carriers. To simulate these effects, this work uses a time-domain multiphysics approach that solves a coupled system of the Maxwell and the drift-diffusion equations to rigorously take into account the two-way nonlinear coupling between fields and carriers. Furthermore, an optical absorption-based model is used to correctly compute the carrier generation rate. The resulting multiphysics solver is used to simulate realistic PCDs, and excellent agreement is observed between the simulation and experimental results. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Multiphysics

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An autonomous robotic system for collecting garbage over small water bodies 6

An autonomous robotic system for collecting garbage over sma...

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6th International Conference on Automation, Control and Robotics engineering, CACRE 2021

作者： Hasany, Syed Nouman Zaidi, Saniya Shah Sohail, Syed Ahmad Farhan, Muhammad Electrical Engineering Program Habib University Karachi Pakistan Computer Science Program Habib University Karachi Pakistan Electrical and Computer Engineering Program Habib University Karachi Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665435765

Water pollution is a grave problem requiring utmost attention as it directly affects marine lives. In freshwater ecosystem, for example, lakes and ponds, a major chunk of water garbage is plastic floating on the surface of water which is labor intensive to collect manually. In this paper, we present a novel autonomous robotic system capable of navigating small water bodies and is equipped with computer vision that helps it to detect the garbage. The detection is followed by focusing on an area of interest to determine whether the garbage lies in the scope of robot for collection. Additionally, if WiFi communication is available, the robot has the provision of tracking the detected garbage to determine its path. The design of garbage collection unit of the robot ensures the garbage does not move outward once collected. The robot is tested in two different pools and with plastic bottles as main type of garbage. The results manifest the high degree of control of its locomotion as well as of detection and collection of the bottles. The deep neural network based detector onboard the robot can be retrained after self-collection of appropriate data to detect other types of garbage as well. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Plastic bottles

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A Discontinuous Galerkin Scheme for Transient Multiphysics Simulation of Organic Electrochemical Transistors

A Discontinuous Galerkin Scheme for Transient Multiphysics S...

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2022 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting, AP-S/URSI 2022

作者： Dong, Ming Chen, Liang Bagci, Hakan Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division Electrical and Computer Engineering Program Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (数字)9781665496582

ISBN: (纸本)9781665496582

A time domain discontinuous Galerkin (DGTD)-based framework is developed to analyze three-dimensional organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). The proposed framework uses a local DG scheme to discretize the (non-linearly) coupled system of the Poisson equation (in electric potential) and the drift-diffusion (DD) equations (in charge densities) in space. To reduce the computational requirements, a dual-mesh scheme, which uses a dense mesh for the DD equations and a much coarser mesh for the Poisson equation, is used. Furthermore, an implicit-explicit time integration scheme, which allows for a significantly larger time-step size, is utilized to efficiently account for the extremely long response time of OECTs. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the applicability and accuracy of the proposed solver. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Poisson equation

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