In this article, we have studied the role of photoeffects in the formation of aluminum back surface field (BSF) contacts on p-type silicon wafers by using different lamp configurations in rapid thermal processing (RTP...
In this article, we have studied the role of photoeffects in the formation of aluminum back surface field (BSF) contacts on p-type silicon wafers by using different lamp configurations in rapid thermal processing (RTP). Use of photons of wavelengths less than 800 nm in conjunction with infrared and visible photons in RTP resulted in the reduction of processing time from 202 to 138 s and the processing temperature from 890 to 850 °C. The reduction in the overall thermal budget used for BSF contact formation is a direct result of photon assisted RTP. The availability of a large number of high energy photons on the metal surface also resulted in improved electrical, structural and mechanical properties of the processed device.
This work proposes an efficient approach to recover the mechanical strain profile applied on fibre Bragg grating sensors. The proposed method is based on differential evolution and uses only the sensor reflectivity, w...
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Cooperative diversity has been recently presented as a new technique to improve the link performance of wireless communication systems. However, a loss in spectral efficiency due to half-duplex relaying can be a signi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781605585697
Cooperative diversity has been recently presented as a new technique to improve the link performance of wireless communication systems. However, a loss in spectral efficiency due to half-duplex relaying can be a significant weak-point for high data rate communications. In this paper, we propose two-way amplify-and-forward relaying in conjunction with adaptive modulation in order to improve spectral efficiency of relayed communication systems while monitoring the required error performance. By using the ideal-scaled gain at the relay instead of the more practical power-scaled gain, we provide an approximate but a very accurate performance analysis of our proposed system. Our numerical examples show that the proposed system offers a considerable gain in the spectral efficiency and outage probability while satisfying the error rates requirements. Copyright 2009 ACM.
Recent research has shown that a small perturbation to an input may forcibly change the prediction of a machine learning (ML) model. Such variants are commonly referred to as adversarial examples. Early studies have f...
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Thin films of Al-1.27 wt %Y were deposited by dc magnetron sputtering. Adding yttrium to the aluminum drastically reduced the metal’s grain size and also improve the uniformity of grain size distribution. Upon anneal...
Thin films of Al-1.27 wt %Y were deposited by dc magnetron sputtering. Adding yttrium to the aluminum drastically reduced the metal’s grain size and also improve the uniformity of grain size distribution. Upon annealing at a temperature of 450 °C for 30 min, grain growth was insignificant, while the electrical resistance dropped from 6.05 to 2.95 μΩ cm. The as deposited films consisted of Al4Y and α-Al supersaturated with yttrium. After annealing, β-Al3Y precipitated instead of α-Al3Y. The Al–Y films had much higher resistance to hillock formation than did Al-1 wt %Si films.
During laser treatment, coagulation affects the optical properties of the tissue. In particular, the formation of a white lesion increases the scattering coefficient significantly. This change in the optical propertie...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819407925
During laser treatment, coagulation affects the optical properties of the tissue. In particular, the formation of a white lesion increases the scattering coefficient significantly. This change in the optical properties in turn affects the laser light distribution in the tissue. For example, what is the effect of the white lesion formed during photocoagulation of the retina upon reflection and fluence rate? This problem was simulated on a model medium consisting of a thin absorbing black paint layer covered with a 1cm thick layer of fresh egg white. The egg white layer was subdivided into coagulated (white) and uncoagulated (clear) layers. The optical properties of coagulated and uncoagulated egg white were determined. These values were used to model light distribution in the medium for varying thicknesses of the coagulated egg white layer using the one dimensional Adding Doubling method. Our results show that the fluence reaching the paint layer increases until the coagulated layer reaches 100μm, after which it falls off exponentially. It was also found that the total reflected light increases almost linearly at first as the coagulated layer thickens, and then begins to level off to an R∞ at a coagulation thickness of 2mm. Experimental measurements of reflection from a lesion with a CCD camera confirm the computed trends. These results provide a theoretical foundation for control of lesion thickness using reflectance images.
An integral part of the curriculum in the recently developed Master of Science in Telecommunications Systems program at the University of Oklahoma - Tulsa is a laboratory course. The course is designed to enhance stud...
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An integral part of the curriculum in the recently developed Master of Science in Telecommunications Systems program at the University of Oklahoma - Tulsa is a laboratory course. The course is designed to enhance student understanding of fundamental computer networking principles and to expose students to research tools that can be used in carrying out their capstone research projects. Through a series of sequential laboratory modules, students learn to setup and configure simple to complex computer networks and to effectively employ commercial software tools for network design and performance analysis. Near the end of the course, working independently, each student is required to complete a final project that assimilates much of the reinforced and/or newly acquired knowledge and skills. This paper provides a detailed description of the laboratory course and its key project modules.
Sensing and retrieving data from ocean to land are challenging and expensive tasks, while the Internet of Sea (IoS) concept can help to monitor ocean environment in a low-cost way. In this paper, an electrically Small...
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Approximate adders have emerged as promising solutions in facilitating error-tolerant computing applications where a degree of imprecision is acceptable. Approximate adders offer significant improvements in terms of a...
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作者：
Atkins, D.E.Program in Computer
Information and Control Engineering Systems Engineering Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States
An approach to the topic of computer arithmetic is suggested which may have a particular conceptual, pedagodical, and practical appeal to the designer of multiple-valued logic processors. computer arithmetic deals wit...
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