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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wang, Zilong Shultz, Thomas R. Nobandegani, Ardavan S. Integrated Program in Neuroscience McGill University Canada Department of Psychology School of Computer Science McGill University Canada Department of Psychology Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering McGill University Canada

Recent empirical work has shown that human children are adept at learning and reasoning with probabilities. Here, we model a recent experiment investigating the development of school-age children's non-symbolic probability reasoning ability using the Neural Probability Learner and Sampler (NPLS) system. We demonstrate that NPLS can accurately simulate children's probability judgments at different ages, tasks and difficulty levels to discriminate two probabilistic choices through accurate probability learning and sampling. An extension of NPLS using a skewed heuristic distribution can also model children's tendency to wrongly select the outcome with more favorable items but less likely to draw the favorable ones when the probabilistic choices are similar. We discuss the roles of two model parameters that can be adjusted to simulate the probability matching versus probability maximization phenomena in children, and why frequency biases children's probabilistic judgments. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Probability distributions

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Proactive Opinion-Driven Robot Navigation Around Human Movers

Proactive Opinion-Driven Robot Navigation Around Human Mover...

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IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

作者： Charlotte Cathcart María Santos Shinkyu Park Naomi Ehrich Leonard Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Princeton University Princeton NJ USA Park is with the Electrical and Computer Engineering program King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia

We propose, analyze, and experimentally verify a new proactive approach for robot social navigation driven by the robot's “opinion” for which way and by how much to pass human movers crossing its path. The robot forms an opinion over time according to nonlinear dynamics that depend on the robot's observations of human movers and its level of attention to these social cues. For these dynamics, it is guaranteed that when the robot's attention is greater than a critical value, deadlock in decision making is broken, and the robot rapidly forms a strong opinion, passing each human mover even if the robot has no bias nor evidence for which way to pass. We enable proactive rapid and reliable social navigation by having the robot grow its attention across the critical value when a human mover approaches. With human-robot experiments we demonstrate the flexibility of our approach and validate our analytical results on deadlock-breaking. We also show that a single design parameter can tune the trade-off between efficiency and reliability in human-robot passing. The new approach has the additional advantage that it does not rely on a predictive model of human behavior.

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Short Wave Infrared Upconversion Imager with Electron Blocking Layer to Screen Electron Injection into Photosensitive Layer

Short Wave Infrared Upconversion Imager with Electron Blocki...

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IEEE International Conference on Flexible and Printable Sensors and Systems (FLEPS)

作者： Chanho Shin Ning Li Tse Nga Ng Material Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego La Jolla USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla USA

In this work, we demonstrated upconversion imagers integrated with shortwave infrared photodetectors paired with an electron blocking layer. The use of electron blocking layer screened charge injection to prevent recombination in photosensitive layer. The characteristics of each electron blocking layer were analyzed in aspects of noise and detectivity. For the optimized device, the parasitic luminance in the dark was efficiently suppressed, and the photon-to-photon efficiency was increased. The electron blocking layer used in this work is generally applicable for upconversion imagers using different absorption and emitting materials.

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Assessment of ATH-Filled Silicone Rubber Under DC Dry Band Arcing 24

Assessment of ATH-Filled Silicone Rubber Under DC Dry Band A...

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24th International Middle East Power System Conference, MEPCON 2023

作者： Mehmood, Basharat Ghunem, Refat El-Hag, Ayman Hassan, Mohammad K. Al-Sulaiti, Leena Abdala, Ahmed University of Waterloo Electrical & Computer Engineering Department 200 University Avenue W WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada OttawaONK1A0R6 Canada Qatar University Center for Advanced Materials Qatar Texas A&m University at Qatar Chemical Engineering Program Doha Qatar

ISBN: (纸本)9798350358469

This paper investigates the tracking and erosion performance of silicone rubber filled with alumina trihydrate under DC dry band arcing in the inclined plane tracking and erosion test (IPT). Alumina trihydrate is incorporated into silicone rubber at 50 wt.% loading level for preparing silicone rubber composites, which are exposed to DC dry band arcing under mild and severe voltage levels in the inclined plane tracking and erosion test. Test outcomes indicate that the mechanism of silicone rubber deterioration changes with respect to the severity of the DC dry band arcing. It is found that dry band arcing tends to stimulate surface tracking under mild voltage levels and erosion due to thermal degradation under relatively higher voltage levels (critical). Moreover, test results indicate that silicone rubber erosion is not solely influenced by the dry band arcing power derived from the leakage current, but also dependent on additional contributing mechanisms leading to elevated surface temperatures and severe erosion. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Erosion

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Effect of Parasitic Leakage Currents Associated with the Regrown Aperture of AlGaN/GaN Current Aperture Vertical Electron Transistors (CAVETs)

Effect of Parasitic Leakage Currents Associated with the Reg...

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IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference (EDTM)

作者： Sara Pouladi Jae Hyun Ryou Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas Center for Superconductivity at UH Advanced Manufacturing Institute University of Houston USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Houston USA

We present a numerical simulation on the effect of leakage paths in the regrown GaN layer in the aperture and above the current blocking layer (CBL) of current aperture vertical electron transistor (CAVET) devices. Here, a 2D TCAD modeling is employed to simulate a CAVET device structure considering two main origins of parasitic leakage current from CBL/regrown-GaN interface and gate/regrown-GaN bulk and their degree of detrimental effect on the characteristics of AlGaN/GaN CAVETs.

关键词： Performance evaluation Apertures Logic gates Numerical simulation Wide band gap semiconductors Numerical models Leakage currents

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Unsupervised Homography Estimation on Multimodal Image Pair via Alternating Optimization

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Song, Sanghyeob Lew, Jaihyun Jang, Hyemi Yoon, Sungroh Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence Seoul National University Korea Republic of Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Korea Republic of Samsung Electro-Mechanics Korea Republic of

Estimating the homography between two images is crucial for mid- or high-level vision tasks, such as image stitching and fusion. However, using supervised learning methods is often challenging or costly due to the difficulty of collecting ground-truth data. In response, unsupervised learning approaches have emerged. Most early methods, though, assume that the given image pairs are from the same camera or have minor lighting differences. Consequently, while these methods perform effectively under such conditions, they generally fail when input image pairs come from different domains, referred to as multimodal image pairs. To address these limitations, we propose AltO, an unsupervised learning framework for estimating homography in multimodal image pairs. Our method employs a two-phase alternating optimization framework, similar to Expectation-Maximization (EM), where one phase reduces the geometry gap and the other addresses the modality gap. To handle these gaps, we use Barlow Twins loss for the modality gap and propose an extended version, Geometry Barlow Twins, for the geometry gap. As a result, we demonstrate that our method, AltO, can be trained on multimodal datasets without any ground-truth data. It not only outperforms other unsupervised methods but is also compatible with various architectures of homography estimators. The source code can be found at: https://***/songsang7/AltO Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Geometry

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Beyond Distribution Shift: Spurious Features Through the Lens of Training Dynamics

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Murali, Nihal Puli, Aahlad Yu, Ke Ranganath, Rajesh Batmanghelich, Kayhan Intelligent Systems Program University of Pittsburgh United States Department of Computer Science New York University United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston University United States

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are prone to learning spurious features that correlate with the label during training but are irrelevant to the learning problem. This hurts model generalization and poses problems when deploying them in safety-critical applications. This paper aims to better understand the effects of spurious features through the lens of the learning dynamics of the internal neurons during the training process. We make the following observations: (1) While previous works highlight the harmful effects of spurious features on the generalization ability of DNNs, we emphasize that not all spurious features are harmful. Spurious features can be "benign" or "harmful" depending on whether they are "harder" or "easier" to learn than the core features for a given model. This definition is model and dataset dependent. (2) We build upon this premise and use instance difficulty methods (like Prediction Depth (Baldock et al., 2021)) to quantify "easiness" for a given model and to identify this behavior during the training phase. (3) We empirically show that the harmful spurious features can be detected by observing the learning dynamics of the DNN’s early layers. In other words, easy features learned by the initial layers of a DNN early during the training can (potentially) hurt model generalization. We verify our claims on medical and vision datasets, both simulated and real, and justify the empirical success of our hypothesis by showing the theoretical connections between Prediction Depth and information-theoretic concepts like V-usable information (Ethayarajh et al., 2021). Lastly, our experiments show that monitoring only accuracy during training (as is common in machine learning pipelines) is insufficient to detect spurious features. We, therefore, highlight the need for monitoring early training dynamics using suitable instance difficulty metrics. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Understanding the stability of advanced inorganic-organic hybrid thin films for advanced resist applications 41

Understanding the stability of advanced inorganic-organic hy...

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Advances in Patterning Materials and Processes XLI 2024

作者： Le, Dan N. Chu, Thi Thu Huong Kim, Jin-Hyun Veyan, Jean-Francois Lee, Won-Il Tiwale, Nikhil Lee, Minjong Choi, Seungsoo Woo, Jihoon Nam, Chang-Yong Choi, Rino Kim, Jiyoung Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Texas at Dallas RichardsonTX75080 United States Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11794 United States Center for Functional Nanomaterials Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11973 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Texas at Dallas RichardsonTX75080 United States Program in Enviromental and Polymer Engineering Inha University Incheon22212 Korea Republic of Department of Materials Science and Engineering Inha University Incheon22212 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9781510672208

In this study, we focus on examining the stability of Al-based inorganic-organic hybrid thin films deposited through the molecular atomic layer deposition (MALD) process in ambient environment. Our observations reveal an initial reduction in material thickness within the first 3 days, followed by a period of stability. XPS analysis is employed to further investigate the chemical alternations in the aged Al-based hybrid thin films, revealing an increase in C=O species as well as overall oxygen content in the material. We also evaluate the effects of atmospheric exposure on the sensitivity of the Al-based hybrid thin films using electron flood exposure. This study aims to enhance the understanding of the stability of a vapor-phase synthesized hybrid thin film system for advanced resist applications. © COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

关键词： Atomic layer deposition

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Terahertz Time-Domain Imaging for Radiotherapy Treatment Monitoring in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Terahertz Time-Domain Imaging for Radiotherapy Treatment Mon...

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CLEO: Applications and Technology in CLEO 2024, CLEO: A and T 2024 - Part of Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

作者： Chakraborty, Debamitra Mills, Bradley N. Cheng, Jing Komissarov, Ivan Gerber, Scott Sobolewski, Roman Materials Science Graduate Program University of Rochester RochesterNY14627 United States Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of Rochester RochesterNY14623-1299 United States Department of Surgery University of Rochester Medical Center RochesterNY14642 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester RochesterNY14627-0231 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171395

Terahertz time-domain imaging was performed of stereotactic body radiotherapy-treated murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with a high spatial resolution. To generate 2D maps of the tissue samples, the refractive index and absorption coefficient were used as imaging markers extracted with the maximum a-posteriori probability (MAP) estimation algorithm. The results were then compared with the terahertz maps of untreated murine PDAC tissue samples and demonstrated that terahertz imaging can probe physical changes with high sensitivity in the tissue post treatment. © Optica Publishing Group 2024, © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： Tissue

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Multi-Resonant Class-E2 DC-DC Converter based on Voltage-Controlled Oscillator

Multi-Resonant Class-E2 DC-DC Converter based on Voltage-Con...

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IEEE Kansas Power and Energy Conference

作者： Lucas Sangoi Mendonça Valmir de Oliveira Academic Department of Electronics Federal University of Technology-Paraná Curitiba Brazil Academic Department of Electronics Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering Federal University of Technology-Paraná Curitiba Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798350372403

ISBN: (纸本)9798350372410

This paper shows the design and implementation of a multi-resonant Class-E 2 DC-DC converter based on voltage- controlled oscillator. By cascading a Class-E inverter to a Class-E rectifier, a double soft-switching converter is obtained, in which, the active switch turns-on with zero voltage switching and the diode turns-off with zero derivative voltage switching. This work relies on design equations based on normalized charts that relate the resonant frequency to the current transfer function, quality factor and peak values for the switch variables. In order to activate the switch, a circuit scheme is proposed based on a voltage-controlled oscillator connected to a low-side gate-driver. Therefore, it is not necessary to use a microcontroller neither auxiliary power sources. Experimental results are presented to show the feasibility of the proposed converter.

关键词： Q-factor Voltage-controlled oscillators Transfer functions Resonant frequency Rectifiers Switches DC-DC power converters

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