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Hard jet substructure in a multistage approach

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Tachibana, Y. Kumar, A. Majumder, A. Angerami, A. Arora, R. Bass, S.A. Cao, S. Chen, Y. Dai, T. Du, L. Ehlers, R. Elfner, H. Fan, W. Fries, R.J. Gale, C. He, Y. Heffernan, M. Heinz, U. Jacak, B.V. Jacobs, P.M. Jeon, S. Ji, Y. Kauder, K. Kasper, L. Ke, W. Kelsey, M. Kordell, M. Latessa, J. Lee, Y.-J. Liyanage, D. Lopez, A. Luzum, M. Mak, S. Mankolli, A. Martin, C. Mehryar, H. Mengel, T. Mulligan, J. Nattrass, C. Oliinychenko, D. Paquet, J.-F. Putschke, J.H. Roland, G. Schenke, B. Schwiebert, L. Sengupta, A. Shen, C. Silva, A. Sirimanna, C. Soeder, D. Soltz, R.A. Soudi, I. Staudenmaier, J. Strickland, M. Velkovska, J. Vujanovic, G. Wang, X.-N. Wolpert, R.L. Zhao, W. Akita International University Yuwa Akita010-1292 Japan Department of Physics McGill University MontréalQCH3A2T8 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy Wayne State University DetroitMI48201 United States Department of Physics University of Regina ReginaSKS4S 0A2 Canada Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA94550 United States Research Computing Group University Technology Solutions The University of Texas at San Antonio San AntonioTX78249 United States Department of Physics Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University Shandong Qingdao266237 China Laboratory for Nuclear Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996 United States Physics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37830 United States Department of Physics University of California BerkeleyCA94270 United States Nuclear Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94270 United States GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung Darmstadt64291 Germany Institute for Theoretical Physics Goethe University Frankfurt am Main60438 Germany Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies Frankfurt am Main60438 Germany Cyclotron Institute Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science Institute of Quantum Matter South China Normal University Guangzhou510006 China Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter Southern Nuclear Science Computing Center South China Normal University Guangzhou510006 China Depar

We present predictions and postdictions for a wide variety of hard jet-substructure observables using a multistage model within the jetscape framework. The details of the multistage model and the various parameter choices are described in [Phys. Rev. C 107, 034911 (2023)]. A novel feature of this model is the presence of two stages of jet modification: a high virtuality phase [modeled using the matter modular all twist transverse-scattering elastic-drag and radiation model (matter)], where modified coherence effects diminish medium-induced radiation, and a lower virtuality phase [modeled using the linear Boltzmann transport model (lbt)], where parton splits are fully resolved by the medium as they endure multiple scattering induced energy loss. Energy-loss calculations are carried out on event-by-event viscous fluid dynamic backgrounds constrained by experimental data. The uniform and consistent descriptions of multiple experimental observables demonstrate the essential role of modified coherence effects and the multistage modeling of jet evolution. Using the best choice of parameters from [Phys. Rev. C 107, 034911 (2023)], and with no further tuning, we present calculations for the medium modified jet fragmentation function, the groomed jet momentum fraction zg and angular separation rg distributions, as well as the nuclear modification factor of groomed jets. These calculations provide accurate descriptions of published data from experiments at the Large Hadron Collider. Furthermore, we provide predictions from the multistage model for future measurements at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Multiple scattering

Khuri-Treiman analysis of J/ψ→π+π−π0

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Physical Review D 2023年第1期108卷 014035-014035页

作者： M. Albaladejo S. Gonzàlez-Solís Ł. Bibrzycki C. Fernández-Ramírez N. Hammoud V. Mathieu M. Mikhasenko G. Montaña R. J. Perry A. Pilloni A. Rodas W. A. Smith A. Szczepaniak D. Winney Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad de Valencia E-46071 Valencia Spain Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA AGH University of Krakow Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science al. Adama Mickiewicza 30 30-059 Kraków Departamento de Física Interdisciplinar Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) Madrid E-28040 Spain Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México 04510 Mexico Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences 31-342 Kraków Poland Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica and Institut de Ciències del Cosmos Universitat de Barcelona E08028 Barcelona Spain Departamento de Física Teórica Universidad Complutense de Madrid and IPARCOS 28040 Madrid Spain ORIGINS Excellence Cluster 85748 Garching Germany Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität 80539 Munich Germany Theory Center Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Newport News Virginia 23606 USA Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra Università degli Studi di Messina I-98122 Messina Italy INFN Sezione di Catania I-95123 Catania Italy Department of Physics Indiana University Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter Indiana University Bloomington Indiana 47403 USA Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science Institute of Quantum Matter South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter Southern Nuclear Science Computing Center South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China

We study the decay J/ψ→π+π−π0 within the framework of the Khuri-Treiman equations. We find that the BESIII experimental dipion mass distribution in the ρ(770)-region is well reproduced with a once-subtracted P-wave amplitude. Furthermore, we show that F-wave contributions to the amplitude improve the description of the data in the ππ mass region around 1.5 GeV. We also present predictions for the J/ψ→π0γ* transition form factor.

关键词： Form factors Particle interactions Strong interaction Mesons

Khuri-Treiman analysis of J/ψ → π+π−π0

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Albaladejo, M. Gonzàlez-Solís, S. Bibrzycki, L. Fernández-Ramírez, C. Hammoud, N. Mathieu, V. Mikhasenko, M. Montaña, G. Perry, R.J. Pilloni, A. Rodas, A. Smith, W.A. Szczepaniak, A. Winney, D. Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad de Valencia ValenciaE-46071 Spain Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States AGH University of Krakow Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science al. Adama Mickiewicza 30 Kraków30-059 Poland MadridE-28040 Spain Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México04510 Mexico Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Kraków31-342 Poland Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica Institut de Ciències del Cosmos Universitat de Barcelona E08028 Spain Departamento de Física Teórica Universidad Complutense de Madrid IPARCOS Madrid28040 Spain ORIGINS Excellence Cluster Garching85748 Germany Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich80539 Germany Theory Center Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Newport NewsVA23606 United States Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra Uni-versità degli Studi di Messina MessinaI-98122 Italy INFN Sezione di Catania CataniaI-95123 Italy Department of Physics Indiana University BloomingtonIN47405 United States Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter Indiana University BloomingtonIN47403 United States Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science Institute of Quantum Matter South China Normal University Guangzhou510006 China Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter Southern Nuclear Science Computing Center South China Normal University Guangzhou510006 China

We study the decay J/ψ → π+π−π0 within the framework of the Khuri-Treiman equations. We find that the BESIII experimental di-pion mass distribution in the ρ(770)-region is well reproduced with a once-subtracted P-wave amplitude. Furthermore, we show that F-wave contributions to the amplitude improve the description of the data in the ππ mass region around 1.5 GeV. We also present predictions for the J/ψ → π0γ∗ transition form factor. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Seismic waves

quantum algorithm for Petz recovery channels and pretty good measurements

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Gilyén, András Lloyd, Seth Marvian, Iman Quek, Yihui Wilde, Mark M. Institute for Quantum Information and Matter California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Physics Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States Information Systems Laboratory Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics Department of Physics and Astronomy Center for Computation and Technology Louisiana State University Baton RougeLA70803 United States Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States

The Petz recovery channel plays an important role in quantum information science as an operation that approximately reverses the effect of a quantum channel. The pretty good measurement is a special case of the Petz recovery channel, and it allows for near-optimal state discrimination. A hurdle to the experimental realization of these vaunted theoretical tools is the lack of a systematic and efficient method to implement them. This paper sets out to rectify this lack: using the recently developed tools of quantum singular value transformation and oblivious amplitude amplification, we provide a quantum algorithm to implement the Petz recovery channel when given the ability to perform the channel that one wishes to reverse. Moreover, we prove that, in some sense, our quantum algorithm’s usage of the channel implementation cannot be improved by more than a quadratic factor. Our quantum algorithm also provides a procedure to perform pretty good measurements when given multiple copies of the states that one is trying to distinguish. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Recovery

Role of bulk viscosity in deuteron production in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions

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Physical Review C 2022年第6期106卷 064901-064901页

作者： D. Everett D. Oliinychenko M. Luzum J.-F. Paquet G. Vujanovic S. A. Bass L. Du C. Gale M. Heffernan U. Heinz L. Kasper W. Ke D. Liyanage A. Majumder A. Mankolli C. Shen D. Soeder J. Velkovska A. Angerami R. Arora S. Cao Y. Chen T. Dai R. Ehlers H. Elfner W. Fan R. J. Fries F. Garza Y. He B. V. Jacak P. M. Jacobs S. Jeon M. Kelsey M. Kordell, II A. Kumar J. Latessa Y.-J. Lee A. Lopez S. Mak C. Martin H. Mehryar T. Mengel J. Mulligan C. Nattrass J. H. Putschke G. Roland B. Schenke L. Schwiebert A. Silva C. Sirimanna R. A. Soltz J. Staudenmaier M. Strickland Y. Tachibana X.-N. Wang R. L. Wolpert Department of Physics The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA Institute for Nuclear Theory Department of Physics University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA Nuclear Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94270 USA Instituto de Fìsica Universidade de São Paulo C.P. 66318 05315-970 São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Department of Physics and Astronomy Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37235 USA Department of Mathematics Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37235 USA Department of Physics Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Wayne State University Detroit Michigan 48201 USA Department of Physics University of Regina Regina Saskatchewan S4S 0A2 Canada Department of Physics McGill University Montréal Québec H3A 2T8 Canada Los Alamos National Laboratory Theoretical Division Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA Department of Physics University of California Berkeley California 94270 USA RIKEN BNL Research Center Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973 USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore California 94550 USA Research Computing Group University Technology Solutions The University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio Texas 78249 USA Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China Laboratory for Nuclear Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA Physics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37830 USA GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung 64291 Darmstadt Germany Institute for Theoretical Physics Goethe University 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies 60438 Frankfurt am Main Ge

We use a Bayesian-calibrated multistage viscous hydrodynamic model to explore deuteron yield, mean transverse momentum and flow observables in Pb-Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. We explore theoretical uncertainty in the production of deuterons, including (i) the contribution of thermal deuterons, (ii) models for the subsequent formation of deuterons (hadronic transport vs coalescence), and (iii) the overall sensitivity of the results to the hydrodynamic model, in particular to bulk viscosity, which is often neglected in studies of deuteron production. Using physical parameters set by a comparison to only light hadron observables, we find good agreement with measurements of the mean transverse momentum 〈pT〉 and elliptic flow v2 of deuterons; however, tension is observed with experimental data for the deuteron multiplicity in central collisions. The results are found to be sensitive to each of the mentioned theoretical uncertainties, with a particular sensitivity to bulk viscosity, indicating that the latter is an important ingredient for an accurate treatment of deuteron production.

关键词： Collective flow Particle & resonance production Particle correlations & fluctuations Quark-gluon plasma Relativistic heavy-ion collisions Thermal & statistical models Bayesian methods

Laser-Seeding Attack in quantum Key Distribution

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Physical Review Applied 2019年第6期12卷 064043-064043页

作者： Anqi Huang Álvaro Navarrete Shi-Hai Sun Poompong Chaiwongkhot Marcos Curty Vadim Makarov Institute for Quantum Information & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 People’s Republic of China Institute for Quantum Computing University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada N2L 3G1 EI Telecomunicación Department of Signal Theory and Communications University of Vigo Vigo E-36310 Spain School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-Sen University Zhuhai 519082 People’s Republic of China Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada N2L 3G1 Russian Quantum Center Skolkovo Moscow 121205 Russia Shanghai Branch National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai 201315 People’s Republic of China NTI Center for Quantum Communications National University of Science and Technology MISiS Moscow 119049 Russia

quantum key distribution (QKD) based on the laws of quantum physics allows the secure distribution of secret keys over an insecure channel. Unfortunately, imperfect implementations of QKD compromise its information-theoretical security. Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI QKD) is a promising approach to remove all side channels from the measurement unit, which is regarded as the “Achilles’ heel” of QKD. An essential assumption in MDI QKD is, however, that the sources are trusted. Here we experimentally demonstrate that a practical source based on a semiconductor laser diode is vulnerable to a laser-seeding attack, in which light injected from the communication line into the laser results in an increase of the intensities of the prepared states. The unnoticed increase of intensity may compromise the security of QKD, as we show theoretically for the prepare-and-measure decoy-state BB84 and MDI QKD protocols. Our theoretical security analysis is general and can be applied to any vulnerability that increases the intensity of the emitted pulses. Moreover, a laser-seeding attack might be launched as well against decoy-state-based quantum cryptographic protocols beyond QKD.

关键词： Optical quantum information processing Optoelectronics Photonics quantum algorithms quantum communication quantum cryptography Semiconductor quantum optics Photodiodes

quantum Simulation for High Energy Physics

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Bauer, Christian W. Davoudi, Zohreh Balantekin, A. Baha Bhattacharya, Tanmoy Carena, Marcela de Jong, Wibe A. Draper, Patrick El-Khadra, Aida Gemelke, Nate Hanada, Masanori Kharzeev, Dmitri Lamm, Henry Li, Ying-Ying Liu, Junyu Lukin, Mikhail Meurice, Yannick Monroe, Christopher Nachman, Benjamin Pagano, Guido Preskill, John Rinaldi, Enrico Roggero, Alessandro Santiago, David I. Savage, Martin J. Siddiqi, Irfan Siopsis, George Van Zanten, David Wiebe, Nathan Yamauchi, Yukari Yeter-Aydeniz, Kübra Zorzetti, Silvia Physics Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Physics Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Physics University of Wisconsin MadisonWI53706 United States T-2 Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory BataviaIL60510 United States Enrico Fermi Institute University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Department of Physics University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Department of Physics Illinois Center for the Advanced Study of the Universe and Illinois Quantum Information Science and Technology Center University of Illinois UrbanaIL61801 United States QuEra Computing Inc BostonMA02135 United States Department of Mathematics University of Surrey Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH United Kingdom Center for Nuclear Theory Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University NY11794-3800 United States Department of Physics Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11973 United States Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering Chicago Quantum Exchange Kadanoff Center for Theoretical Physics University of Chicago IL60637 United States QBraid Co. Harper Court 5235 ChicagoIL60615 United States Department of Physics Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Iowa Iowa CityIA52242 United States Duke Quantum Center Duke University DurhamNC27701 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States Department of Physics Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States IonQ Inc. College ParkMD20740 United States Physics and Astronomy Department Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Institute for Quantum Information and Matter Californi

It is for the first time that quantum simulation for High Energy Physics (HEP) is studied in the U.S. decadal particle-physics community planning, and in fact until recently, this was not considered a mainstream topic in the community. This fact speaks of a remarkable rate of growth of this subfield over the past few years, stimulated by the impressive advancements in quantum Information Sciences (QIS) and associated technologies over the past decade, and the significant investment in this area by the government and private sectors in the U.S. and other countries. High-energy physicists have quickly identified problems of importance to our understanding of nature at the most fundamental level, from tiniest distances to cosmological extents, that are intractable with classical computers but may benefit from quantum advantage. They have initiated, and continue to carry out, a vigorous program in theory, algorithm, and hardware co-design for simulations of relevance to the HEP mission. This community whitepaper is an attempt to bring this exciting and yet challenging area of research to the spotlight, and to elaborate on what the promises, requirements, challenges, and potential solutions are over the next decade and beyond. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： High energy physics

quantum gravity in the lab: Teleportation by size and traversable wormholes

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Brown, Adam R. Gharibyan, Hrant Leichenauer, Stefan Lin, Henry W. Nezami, Sepehr Salton, Grant Susskind, Leonard Swingle, Brian Walter, Michael Google Mountain ViewCA94043 United States Department of Physics Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Institute for Quantum Information and Matter Caltech PasadenaCA91125 United States Physics Department Princeton University PrincetonNJ08540 United States Institute for Quantum Information and Matter Caltech PasadenaCA91125 United States Amazon Quantum Solutions Lab SeattleWA98170 United States AWS Center for Quantum Computing PasadenaCA91125 United States Condensed Matter Theory Center Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics Department of Physics University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Korteweg-de Vries Institute for Mathematics Institute for Theoretical Physics Institute for Logic Language and Computation & QuSoft University of Amsterdam Netherlands

With the long-term goal of studying models of quantum gravity in the lab, we propose holographic teleportation protocols that can be readily executed in table-top experiments. These protocols exhibit similar behavior to that seen in the recent traversable wormhole constructions of [1, 2]: information that is scrambled into one half of an entangled system will, following a weak coupling between the two halves, unscramble into the other half. We introduce the concept of teleportation by size to capture how the physics of operator-size growth naturally leads to information transmission. The transmission of a signal through a semi-classical holographic wormhole corresponds to a rather special property of the operator-size distribution we call size winding. For more general systems (which may not have a clean emergent geometry), we argue that imperfect size winding is a generalization of the traversable wormhole phenomenon. In addition, a form of signaling continues to function at high temperature and at large times for generic chaotic systems, even though it does not correspond to a signal going through a geometrical wormhole, but rather to an interference effect involving macroscopically different emergent geometries. Finally, we outline implementations feasible with current technology in two experimental platforms: Rydberg atom arrays and trapped ions. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Geometry

Role of bulk viscosity in deuteron production in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Everett, D. Oliinychenko, D. Luzum, M. Paquet, J.-F. Vujanovic, G. Bass, S.A. Du, L. Gale, C. Heffernan, M. Heinz, U. Kasper, L. Ke, W. Liyanage, D. Majumder, A. Mankolli, A. Shen, C. Soeder, D. Velkovska, J. Angerami, A. Arora, R. Cao, S. Chen, Y. Dai, T. Ehlers, R. Elfner, H. Fan, W. Fries, R.J. Garza, F. He, Y. Jacak, B.V. Jacobs, P.M. Jeon, S. Kelsey, M. Kordell, M. Kumar, A. Latessa, J. Lee, Y.-J. Lopez, A. Mak, S. Martin, C. Mehryar, H. Mengel, T. Mulligan, J. Nattrass, C. Putschke, J.H. Roland, G. Schenke, B. Schwiebert, L. Silva, A. Sirimanna, C. Soltz, R.A. Staudenmaier, J. Strickland, M. Tachibana, Y. Wang, X.-N. Wolpert, R.L. Department of Physics The Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Institute for Nuclear Theory Department of Physics University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Nuclear Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94270 United States Instituto de Fìsica Universidade de São Paulo C.P. 66318 SP São Paulo05315-970 Brazil Department of Physics Duke University DurhamNC27708 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Wayne State University DetroitMI48201 United States Department of Physics McGill University MontréalQCH3A2T8 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Los Alamos National Laboratory Theoretical Division Los AlamosNM87545 United States Department of Physics University of California BerkeleyCA94270 United States RIKEN BNL Research Center Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11973 United States Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA94550 United States Research Computing Group University Technology Solutions The University of Texas at San Antonio San AntonioTX78249 United States Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University Shandong Qingdao266237 China Laboratory for Nuclear Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996 United States Physics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37830 United States GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung Darmstadt64291 Germany Institute for Theoretical Physics Goethe University Frankfurt am Main60438 Germany Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies Frankfurt am Main60438 Germany Cyclotron Institute Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Texas A&M University Colleg

We use a Bayesian-calibrated multistage viscous hydrodynamic model to explore deuteron yield, mean transverse momentum and flow observables in LHC Pb-Pb collisions. We explore theoretical uncertainty in the production of deuterons, including (i) the contribution of thermal deuterons, (ii) models for the subsequent formation of deuterons (hadronic transport vs coalescence) and (iii) the overall sensitivity of the results to the hydrodynamic model - in particular to bulk viscosity, which is often neglected in studies of deuteron production. Using physical parameters set by a comparison to only light hadron observables, we find good agreement with measurements of the mean transverse momentum hpTi and elliptic flow v2 of deuterons;however, tension is observed with experimental data for the deuteron multiplicity in central collisions. The results are found to be sensitive to each of the mentioned theoretical uncertainties, with a particular sensitivity to bulk viscosity, indicating that the latter is an important ingredient for an accurate treatment of deuteron production. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deuterium