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Neuron Coverage Maximization for Effective Test Set Construction with Respect to the Model

Journal of Mathematical Sciences (United States) 2024年第2期285卷 189-200页

作者： Kushchuk, D. Ryndin, M. Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the RAS Moscow Russian Federation

Real world data is not stationary and thus models must be monitored in production. One way to be sure in a model’s performance is regular testing. If the labels are not available, the task of minimizing the labeling cost can be formulated. In this work, we investigate and develop various ways to construct a minimum test set for a given trained model, in a fashion where the accuracy of the model calculated on the chosen subset is as close to the real one as possible. We focus on the white box scenario and propose a novel approach that uses neuron coverage as a observable functional to maximize in order to minimize the number of samples. We evaluate the proposed approach and compare it to Bayesian methods and stratification algorithms that are the main approaches to solve this task in literature. The developed method shows approximately the same level of performance but has a number of advantages over its competitors. It is deterministic, thus eliminating the dispersion of the results. Also, this method can give one a hint on the optimal budget. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

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Realistic Adversarial Attacks on Object Detectors Using Generative Models

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Journal of Mathematical Sciences (United States) 2024年第2期285卷 245-254页

作者： Shelepneva, D. Arkhipenko, K. Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the RAS Moscow Russian Federation

An important limitation of existing adversarial attacks on real-world object detectors lies in their threat model: adversarial patch-based methods often produce suspicious images while image generation approaches do not restrict the attacker’s capabilities of modifying the original scene. We design a threat model where the attacker modifies individual image segments and is required to produce realistic images. We also develop and evaluate a white-box attack that utilizes generative adversarial nets and diffusion models as a generator of malicious images. Our attack is able to produce high-fidelity images as measured by the Fréchet inception distance (FID) and reduces the mAP of Faster R-CNN model by over 0.2 on Cityscapes and COCO-Stuff datasets. A PyTorch implementation of our attack is available at https://***/DariaShel/gan-attack. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： adversarial examples diffusion models generative adversarial networks object detectors

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Automatic verification of the text layer correctness in PDF documents

Automatic verification of the text layer correctness in PDF ...

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2024 ivannikov Memorial Workshop, IVMEM 2024

作者： Belyaeva, Oksana V. Golodkov, Aleksandr Bukhatov, Bekzat Programming of the RAS Ivannikov Institute for System Moscow Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331504663

PDF documents can contain incorrect textual layers due to low scanning quality, font embedding errors or other reasons. An incorrect text layer can significantly hamper automatic document processing and limit document parsing. To help tackle the problem, this work analyzed the causes of incorrect text layers (gibberish characters) and described a method to automatically extract text information by detecting the correct text layer of PDF files, using OCR and a PDF extractor. To determine the correctness/incorrectness of the text layer obtained from PDF extractors in the method, we trained a binary classifier on the generated *** carried out experiments and assessed the quality of various classification models for text correctness, tested the method on real data, thereby confirming the effectiveness of the developed approach. The obtained results can be useful for further development of methods for automatically checking textual layers and improving the quality of automatic processing PDF documents. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Automatic PDF text extraction Corrupted PDF Gibberish text detection Machine learning Reasons for text incorrectness Text classification

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Vector supercomputer 'Electronica SS BIS'

Vector supercomputer 'Electronica SS BIS'

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2024 ivannikov Memorial Workshop, IVMEM 2024

作者： Burdonov, Igor Gaisaryan, Sergey Kosachev, Alexander Prokhorov, Sergei Shnitman, Victor Ivannikov Institute for System Programming RAS Moscow Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331504663

The article outlines the basic design principles of the Electronica SS BIS software and computing complex, aimed at addressing the most complex scientific problems. The developers have researched heterogeneous computing supersystems due to the experience they had accumulated from creating previous systems. Research has shown that integrating closely related subsystems with different architectures results in more effective computing systems. With this approach, supercomputers not only became multiprocessors, but they also combined a number of subsystems or independent functional systems, such as a multi-level memory system, a system of functionally specialized machines, a channel system, and a distributed operating system. Later, this work became the foundation for a new direction in computing technology - computing supersystems. In recent years this direction has been recognized as highly relevant and promising. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Supercomputers

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Numerical and analytical models for prediction of the local scour under pipelines

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第6期36卷 1130-1141页

作者： Andrey Epikhin Igor Potapov Aleksandr Petrov Aleksandr Kukharskii Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the RAS MoscowRussia Computing Center FEB RAS Khabarovsk680000Russia Ishlinsky Institute for Problems in Mechanics RAS MoscowRussia

This paper considers local scour around a pipeline under turbulent *** Navier-Stokes equations are solved with a shear stress turbulence *** original bed deformation equation based on an analytical sediment transport model is used to describe the changes in the bottom *** proposed sediment transport equation is based on Coulomb’s friction law for granular flow,Prandtl’s friction law for turbulent flow,and agrees with a large number of phenomenological formulas by other authors.A numerical algorithm for solving the mathematical model of bed surface erosion is implemented in *** simulations of the problem show that under the influence of turbulent flow generated at the pipeline streamline,a characteristic bottom wave of low steepness appears,the parameters of which asymptotically agree with the experimental *** on the analysis of experimental and numerical studies of the considered case,an assumption about the self-similar behavior of the bed surface evolution is *** on this assumption,a new method of constructing the self-similar dependence of the bed surface on time and space coordinates is *** the proposed approach,the average values of tangential bottom stresses are determined for a number of self-similar bottom surface shapes,and then the rates of change of bottom wave lengths and amplitudes are calculated using the proposed analytical model.A comparison with experimental data and numerical calculations shows that the solution error does not exceed a few percent and the computational time is reduced by up to 30 times.

关键词： Pipelines numerical simulation sediment transport scour hydrodynamics self-similar behavior OpenFOAM

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On The Visualization of Subattractor Under Mixed Tidal Forcing

Scientific Visualization

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Scientific Visualization 2025年第1期17卷 138-149页

作者： Elistratov, Stepan But, Ivan Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS Moscow Russia Ivannikov Institute for System Programming RAS Moscow Russia Sobolev Institute of Mathematics of Siberian Branch RAS Novosibirsk Russia

One of the principle conditions of a wave attractor appearance is a periodic external forcing. Real forcing in natural basins caused by tidal interaction is more complex than a monochromatic which is usually used in internal wave attractors investigations. Multi-frequency forcing may lead to the multiple wave attractor formation, some of them may be of low energy, which affects their detection. In the article we simulate a mixed forcing for an internal wave attractor flow and visualize subattractor formed due to this forcing type using several methods, including Proper Orthogonal Decomposition. It is shown that the latter method reveals sub-attractor even in case of highly turbulent flow. © 2025 National Research Nuclear University. All rights reserved.

关键词： Visualization

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Aerodynamic Analysis of Delta Wing Aircraft and Effect of the Propeller Using OpenFOAM

Aerodynamic Analysis of Delta Wing Aircraft and Effect of th...

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2023 ivannikov ISPRAS Open Conference, ISPRAS 2023

作者： Mkoyan, Ruslan Romanova, Daria Sargsyan, Sevak Epikhin, Andrey Russian-Armenian University Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the Ras Center of Advanced Software Technologies Yerevan Armenia Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the Ras Lomonosov Msu Moscow Russia Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the Ras Moscow Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349993

This paper presents a calculation of the aerodynamic characteristics of the ZOHD Alpha Strike UAV model, designed with a delta wing. The focus of the study is the overall layout of the aircraft and the influence of the propeller on its aerodynamic characteristics. The computational fluid dynamics tool OpenFOAM is used as an effective method to solve the complex aerodynamic problems inherent in this UAV model. Research is carried out in an incompressible flow, due to the low speeds inherent in such aircraft. A numerical methodology is proposed for quick evaluation of the aerodynamic performances of UAV models with a propeller. A simple dynamic model and flight data are presented. The calculation results are verified using a flight experiment. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics

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Crash Report Accumulation During Continuous Fuzzing

Crash Report Accumulation During Continuous Fuzzing

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2024 ivannikov Memorial Workshop, IVMEM 2024

作者： Yegorov, Ilya Savidov, Georgy Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the RAS Russia Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331504663

Crash report accumulation is a necessary step during continuous fuzzing. Dynamic software analysis techniques like fuzzing and dynamic symbolic execution generate a large number of crashes for analysis. However, the time and resource constraints often lead to the postponement of fixing some less critical issues, potentially introducing new errors in future releases. Thus, there is a need to distinguish new errors from old ones. We propose a crash accumulation method and implemented it as part of the CASR toolset. We evaluated our approach on crash reports collected from fuzzing results. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Software design

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Robust Resource Partitioning Approach for ARINC 653 RTOS

Robust Resource Partitioning Approach for ARINC 653 RTOS

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2023 ivannikov ISPRAS Open Conference, ISPRAS 2023

作者： Cheptsov, Vitaly Khoroshilov, Alexey Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349993

Modern airborne operating systems implement the concept of robust time and resource partitioning imposed by the standards for aerospace and airborne-embedded software systems, such as ARINC 653. While these standards do provide a considerable amount of design choices in regards to resource partitioning on the architectural and API levels, such as isolated memory spaces between the application partitions, predefined resource configuration, and unidirectional ports with limited queue and message sizes for inter-partition communication, they do not specify how an operating system should implement them in software. Furthermore, they often tend to set the minimal level of the required guarantees, for example, in terms of memory permissions, and disregard the hardware state of the art, which presently can provide considerably stronger guarantees at no extra cost. In the paper we present an architecture of robust resource partitioning for ARINC 653 real-time operating systems based on completely static MMU configuration. The architecture was implemented on different types of airborne hardware, including platforms with TLB-based and page table-based MMU. Key benefits of the proposed approach include minimised run-time overhead and simpler verification of the memory subsystem. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Real time systems

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Python Fuzzing for Trustworthy Machine Learning Frameworks

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Journal of Mathematical Sciences (United States) 2024年第2期285卷 180-188页

作者： Yegorov, I. Kobrin, E. Parygina, D. Vishnyakov, A. Fedotov, A. Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the RAS Moscow Russian Federation Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russian Federation

Ensuring the security and reliability of machine learning frameworks is crucial for building trustworthy AI-based systems. Fuzzing, a popular technique in the secure software development lifecycle (SSDLC), can be used to develop secure and robust software. Popular machine learning frameworks such as PyTorch and TensorFlow are complex and written in multiple programming languages including C/C++ and Python. We propose a dynamic analysis pipeline for Python projects using the Sydr-Fuzz toolset. Our pipeline includes fuzzing, corpus minimization, crash triaging, and coverage collection. Crash triaging and severity estimation are important steps to ensure that the most critical vulnerabilities are addressed promptly. Furthermore, the proposed pipeline is integrated in GitLab CI. To identify the most vulnerable parts of the machine learning frameworks, we analyze their potential attack surfaces and develop fuzz targets for PyTorch, TensorFlow, and related projects such as h5py. Applying our dynamic analysis pipeline to these targets, we were able to discover 3 new bugs and propose fixes for them. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

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