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SSRN 2023年

作者： Huang, Zhenhua Zhou, Wenhao Li, Kunhao Jia, Zhaohong School of Internet Anhui University Feixi Road Hefei230039 China Key Lab of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education Hefei China

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown great success in graph processing. However, current message-passing-based GNNs have limitations in feature aggregations and update mechanisms that rely on a fixed mode, resulting in inadequate representations of the neighborhood structure's richness. Furthermore, the convolution layer in most GNNs lacks flexibility and multi-channels compared to convolutional neural networks (CNNs). CNNs employ multiple channels, where different kernels capture shared patterns of images. To address the limitations, we propose a novel scalab.e graph convolution network (SGCN). SGCN enhances structural information learning by introducing an expressive feature aggregation mechanism. Drawing inspiration from the design of CNNs, SGCN designs graph-shaped kernels to perform multi-channel convolutions on the subgraph structure. A sampler based on degree centrality is employed to simplify the computation costs. Extensive experiments demonstrate that SGCN achieved state-of-the-art performances on various scales of graph datasets (accuracy improved up to 5.38%). © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Convolution

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Weighted ROC curve in cost space: extending AUC to cost-sensitive learning 23

Weighted ROC curve in cost space: extending AUC to cost-sens...

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Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Huiyang Shao Qianqian Xu Zhiyong Yang Peisong Wen Peifeng Gao Qingming Huang Key Lab. of Intelligent Information Processing Institute of Computing Tech. CAS and School of Computer Science and Tech. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Lab. of Intelligent Information Processing Institute of Computing Tech. CAS School of Computer Science and Tech. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Computer Science and Tech. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Key Lab. of Intelligent Information Processing Institute of Computing Tech. CAS and BDKM University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

In this paper, we aim to tackle flexible cost requirements for long-tail datasets, where we need to construct a (1) cost-sensitive and (2) class-distribution robust learning framework. The misclassification cost and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) are popular metrics for (1) and (2), respectively. However, limited by their formulations, models trained with AUC are not well-suited for cost-sensitive decision problems, and models trained with fixed costs are sensitive to the class distribution shift. To address this issue, we present a new setting where costs are treated like a dataset to deal with arbitrarily unknown cost distributions. Moreover, we propose a novel weighted version of AUC where the cost distribution can be integrated into its calculation through decision thresholds. To formulate this setting, we propose a novel bilevel paradigm to bridge weighted AUC (WAUC) and cost. The inner-level problem approximates the optimal threshold from sampling costs, and the outer-level problem minimizes the WAUC loss over the optimal threshold distribution. To optimize this bilevel paradigm, we employ a stochastic optimization algorithm (SACCL) which enjoys the same convergence rate (O(ε-4)) with the SGD. Finally, experiment results show that our algorithm performs better than existing cost-sensitive learning methods and two-stage AUC decisions approach.

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High Capacity Reversible Data Hiding Scheme based on Interpolation and Tetris Matrix

High Capacity Reversible Data Hiding Scheme based on Interpo...

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第41届中国控制会议

作者： Fei-Fei Qian Nuo Xu Wan-Li Lyu Key Lab of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education School of Computer Science and TechnologyAnhui University

ISBN: (数字)9789887581536

ISBN: (纸本)9781665482561

Interpolation technology has evolved into a powerful tool for reversible data hiding in the image processing ***,existing interpolated algorithms only have a trivial impact on image *** this paper,an innovative interpolation and matrix-based algorithm is proposed.A novel concept of the difference between interpolated pixels is represented to dramatically improve the visual quality of the image,which lays a solid foundation for the subsequent data hiding *** is growing evidence that the Tetris matrix plays a vital role in improving embedding *** is worth mentioning that our scheme can intensely resist different attacks of various *** experimental findings demonstrate that the effect of our proposed scheme is unprecedentedly perfect even though a higher capacity is embedded than with traditional steganography approaches.

关键词： Data hiding interpolation image processing

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Understanding the Robustness of 3D Object Detection with Bird'View Representations in Autonomous Driving

Understanding the Robustness of 3D Object Detection with Bir...

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2023 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR 2023

作者： Zhu, Zijian Zhang, Yichi Chen, Hai Dong, Yinpeng Zhao, Shu Ding, Wenbo Zhong, Jiachen Zheng, Shibao Institute of Image Communication and Network Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Institute for Ai Tsinghua University BNRist Center Thbi Lab Dept. of Comp. Sci. and Tech. China School of Computer Science and Technology Anhui University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing Ministry of Education Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province China Saic Motor Ai Lab Zhongguancun Laboratory China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

3D object detection is an essential perception task in autonomous driving to understand the environments. The Bird's-Eye-View (BEV) representations have significantly improved the performance of 3D detectors with camera inputs on popular benchmarks. However, there still lacks a systematic understanding of the robustness of these vision-dependent BEV models, which is closely related to the safety of autonomous driving systems. In this paper, we evaluate the natural and adversarial robustness of various representative models under extensive settings, to fully understand their behaviors influenced by explicit BEV features compared with those without BEV. In addition to the classic settings, we propose a 3D consistent patch attack by applying adversarial patches in the 3D space to guarantee the spatiotemporal consistency, which is more realistic for the scenario of autonomous driving. With substantial experiments, we draw several findings: 1) BEV models tend to be more stable than previous methods under different natural conditions and common corruptions due to the expressive spatial representations;2) BEV models are more vulnerable to adversarial noises, mainly caused by the redundant BEV features;3) Camera-LiDARfusion models have superior performance under different settings with multi-modal inputs, but BEV fusion model is still vulnerable to adversarial noises of both point cloud and image. These findings alert the safety issue in the applications of BEV detectors and could facilitate the development of more robust models. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Autonomous driving

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HD-KT: Advancing Robust Knowledge Tracing via Anomalous Learning Interaction Detection 24

HD-KT: Advancing Robust Knowledge Tracing via Anomalous Lear...

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33rd ACM Web Conference, WWW 2024

作者： Ma, Haiping Yang, Yong Qin, Chuan Yu, Xiaoshan Yang, Shangshang Zhang, Xingyi Zhu, Hengshu Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Anhui Hefei China Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Anhui Hefei China Career Science Lab BOSS Zhipin PBC School of Finance Tsinghua University Beijing China School of Artificial Intelligence Anhui University Anhui Hefei China The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education School of Computer Science and Technology Anhui University Anhui Hefei China Career Science Lab BOSS Zhipin Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400701719

Knowledge tracing (KT) is a crucial task in online learning, aimed at tracing and predicting each student's knowledge states throughout their learning process. Over the past decade, it has garnered widespread attention due to it provides the potential for more tailored and adaptive online learning experiences. Although most current KT methodologies emphasize optimizing network structures to enhance predictive accuracy for future student performance, they often neglect anomalous interactions in students' learning processes, which may arise from low data quality (i.e., inferior question quality) and abnormal student behaviors (i.e., guessing and mistakes). To this end, in this paper, we propose a novel framework, termed HD-KT, designed to enhance the robustness of existing KT methodologies with Hybrid learning interactions Denoising approach. Specifically, we introduce two detectors for anomalous learning interactions, namely knowledge state-guided anomaly detector and student profile-guided anomaly detector. In the first detection module, we design a sequential autoencoder to identify anomalous learning interactions by detecting atypical student knowledge states. In the second module, we incorporate an attention mechanism by modeling a student's long-term profile to capture irregular interactions. Extensive experiments on four real-world benchmark datasets have decisively shown our HD-KT markedly boosts the robustness of numerous prevailing KT models, consequently increasing the accuracy of future student performance predictions. Additionally, our case studies highlight the versatility of HD-KT in addressing diverse downstream tasks, such as exercise quality analysis and learning behavior-based student clustering. © 2024 ACM.

关键词： Students

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Suppress Content Shift: Better Diffusion Features via Off-the-Shelf Generation Techniques 38

Suppress Content Shift: Better Diffusion Features via Off-th...

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38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, NeurIPS 2024

作者： Meng, Benyuan Xu, Qianqian Wang, Zitai Yang, Zhiyong Cao, Xiaochun Huang, Qingming Institute of Information Engineering CAS China School of Cyber Security University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China Key Lab. of Intelligent Information Processing Institute of Computing Technology CAS China Peng Cheng Laboratory China School of Computer Science and Tech. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China School of Cyber Science and Tech. Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University China Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Knowledge Management CAS China

Diffusion models are powerful generative models, and this capability can also be applied to discrimination. The inner activations of a pre-trained diffusion model can serve as features for discriminative tasks, namely, diffusion feature. We discover that diffusion feature has been hindered by a hidden yet universal phenomenon that we call content shift. To be specific, there are content differences between features and the input image, such as the exact shape of a certain object. We locate the cause of content shift as one inherent characteristic of diffusion models, which suggests the broad existence of this phenomenon in diffusion feature. Further empirical study also indicates that its negative impact is not negligible even when content shift is not visually perceivable. Hence, we propose to suppress content shift to enhance the overall quality of diffusion features. Specifically, content shift is related to the information drift during the process of recovering an image from the noisy input, pointing out the possibility of turning off-the-shelf generation techniques into tools for content shift suppression. We further propose a practical guideline named GATE to efficiently evaluate the potential benefit of a technique and provide an implementation of our methodology. Despite the simplicity, the proposed approach has achieved superior results on various tasks and datasets, validating its potential as a generic booster for diffusion features. Our code is availab.e at this url. © 2024 Neural information processing systems foundation. All rights reserved.

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Not All Diffusion Model Activations Have Been Evaluated as Discriminative Features 38

Not All Diffusion Model Activations Have Been Evaluated as D...

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38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, NeurIPS 2024

作者： Meng, Benyuan Xu, Qianqian Wang, Zitai Cao, Xiaochun Huang, Qingming Institute of Information Engineering CAS China School of Cyber Security University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China Key Lab. of Intelligent Information Processing Institute of Computing Technology CAS China Peng Cheng Laboratory China School of Cyber Science and Tech. Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University China School of Computer Science and Tech. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Knowledge Management CAS China

Diffusion models are initially designed for image generation. Recent research shows that the internal signals within their backbones, named activations, can also serve as dense features for various discriminative tasks such as semantic segmentation. Given numerous activations, selecting a small yet effective subset poses a fundamental problem. To this end, the early study of this field performs a large-scale quantitative comparison of the discriminative ability of the activations. However, we find that many potential activations have not been evaluated, such as the queries and keys used to compute attention scores. Moreover, recent advancements in diffusion architectures bring many new activations, such as those within embedded ViT modules. Both combined, activation selection remains unresolved but overlooked. To tackle this issue, this paper takes a further step with a much broader range of activations evaluated. Considering the significant increase in activations, a full-scale quantitative comparison is no longer operational. Instead, we seek to understand the properties of these activations, such that the activations that are clearly inferior can be filtered out in advance via simple qualitative evaluation. After careful analysis, we discover three properties universal among diffusion models, enabling this study to go beyond specific models. On top of this, we present effective feature selection solutions for several popular diffusion models. Finally, the experiments across multiple discriminative tasks validate the superiority of our method over the SOTA competitors. Our code is availab.e at this url. © 2024 Neural information processing systems foundation. All rights reserved.

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Harnessing hierarchical lab.l distribution variations in test agnostic long-tail recognition 24

Harnessing hierarchical label distribution variations in tes...

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Proceedings of the 41st International Conference on Machine Learning

作者： Zhiyong Yang Qianqian Xu Zitai Wang Sicong Li Boyu Han Shilong Bao Xiaochun Cao Qingming Huang School of Computer Science and Tech. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Lab. of Intelligent Information Processing Institute of Computing Tech. CAS Institute of Information Engineering CAS and School of Cyber Security University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Lab. of Intelligent Information Processing Institute of Computing Tech. CAS and School of Computer Science and Tech. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Cyber Science and Tech. Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University School of Computer Science and Tech. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences and 2Key Lab. of Intelligent Information Processing Institute of Computing Tech. CAS and BDKM University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

This paper explores test-agnostic long-tail recognition, a challenging long-tail task where the test lab.l distributions are unknown and arbitrarily imbalanced. We argue that the variation in these distributions can be broken down hierarchically into global and local levels. The global ones reflect a broad range of diversity, while the local ones typically arise from milder changes, often focused on a particular neighbor. Traditional methods predominantly use a Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) approach, targeting a few fixed test lab.l distributions that exhibit substantial global variations. However, the local variations are left unconsidered. To address this issue, we propose a new MoE strategy, DirMixE, which assigns experts to different Dirichlet meta-distributions of the lab.l distribution, each targeting a specific aspect of local variations. Additionally, the diversity among these Dirichlet meta-distributions inherently captures global variations. This dual-level approach also leads to a more stable objective function, allowing us to sample different test distributions better to quantify the mean and variance of performance outcomes. Theoretically, we show that our proposed objective benefits from enhanced generalization by virtue of the variance-based regularization. Comprehensive experiments across multiple benchmarks confirm the effectiveness of DirMixE. The code is availab.e at https://***/scongl/DirMixE.

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Yolov9-Spe: A Novel Deep Learning Method For Classroom Student Behavior Detection

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Liu, Junxiu Wu, Fengxiang Lu, Baoshan Qin, Sheng Fu, Qiang Luo, Yuling Guangxi Key Lab of Brain-inspired Computing and Intelligent Chips School of Electronic and Information Engineering Guangxi Normal University Guilin541004 China Guangxi Wireless Broadband Communication and Signal Processing Key Laboratory Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin541004 China

Deep learning can significantly enhance student behavior detection in classrooms. However, challenges such as small target recognition, blurry data, occlusion, and multi-scale detection persist. To address these, we propose YOLOv9-SPE, an improved model based on YOLOv9, incorporating Space-to-Depth Convolution (SPD-Conv), Partial Convolution (PConv), and an Efficient Multi-Scale Attention (EMA) Module. SPD-Conv enhances small target recognition and improves feature extraction for blurry data, while PConv, adapted from FasterNet, addresses occlusion issues. EMA is integrated to handle multi-scale targets in classroom student behavior detection. Experimental results on a student behavior dataset show that YOLOv9-SPE achieves a 2.1% improvement in mean average precision over the original YOLOv9. These enhancements provide a more accurate and efficient method for monitoring and analyzing student behavior in educational settings. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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ϵ-π: A Nonparametric Model for Neural Power Spectra Decomposition

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IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics 2024年第5期28卷 2624-2635页

作者： Hu, Shiang Zhang, Zhihao Zhang, Xiaochu Wu, Xiaopei Valdes-Sosa, Pedro A. Anhui University Anhui Provincial Key Lab of Multimodal Cognitive Computation Key Lab of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education School of Computer Science and Technology Hefei230601 China University of Science and Technology of China School of Humanities and Social Science Department of Psychology Hefei230026 China University of Electronic Science and Technology of China MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation School of Life Science and Technology Chengdu611731 China

The power spectra estimated from the brain recordings are the mixed representation of aperiodic transient activity and periodic oscillations, i.e., aperiodic component (AC) and periodic component (PC). Quantitative neurophysiology requires precise decomposition preceding parameterizing each component. However, the shape, statistical distribution, scale, and mixing mechanism of AC and PCs are unclear, challenging the effectiveness of current popular parametric models such as FOOOF, IRASA, BOSC, etc. Here, was proposed to decompose the neural spectra by embedding the nonparametric spectra estimation with penalized Whittle likelihood and the shape language modeling into the expectation maximization framework. was validated on the synthesized spectra with loss statistics and on the sleep EEG and the large sample iEEG with evaluation metrics and neurophysiological evidence. Compared to FOOOF, both the simulation presenting shape irregularities and the batch simulation with multiple isolated peaks indicated that improved the fit of AC and PCs with less loss and higher F1-score in recognizing the centering frequencies and the number of peaks;the sleep EEG revealed that produced more distinguishable AC exponents and improved the sleep state classification accuracy;the iEEG showed that approached the clinical findings in peak discovery. Overall, offered good performance in the spectra decomposition, which allows flexible parameterization using descriptive statistics or kernel functions. is a seminal tool for brain signal decoding in fields such as cognitive neuroscience, brain-computer interface, neurofeedback, and brain diseases. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Electroencephalography

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