Based on the wavelength transparency of the Butler matrix(BM)beamforming network,we demonstrate a multibeam optical phased array(MOPA)with an emitting aperture composed of grating couplers at a 1.55μm pitch for wavel...
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Based on the wavelength transparency of the Butler matrix(BM)beamforming network,we demonstrate a multibeam optical phased array(MOPA)with an emitting aperture composed of grating couplers at a 1.55μm pitch for wavelength-assisted two-dimensional *** device is capable of simultaneous multi-beam operation in a field of view(FOV)of 60°×8°in the phased-array scanning axis and the wavelength-tuning scanning axis,*** typical beam divergence is about 4°on both *** multiple linearly chirped lasers,multibeam frequency-modulated continuous wave(FMCW)ranging is realized with an average ranging error of 4 cm.A C-shaped target is imaged for proof-of-concept 2D scanning and ranging.
This paper investigates the consensus problem for linear multi-agent systems with the heterogeneous disturbances generated by the Brown *** main contribution is that a control scheme is designed to achieve the dynamic...
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This paper investigates the consensus problem for linear multi-agent systems with the heterogeneous disturbances generated by the Brown *** main contribution is that a control scheme is designed to achieve the dynamic consensus for the multi-agent systems in directed topology interfered by stochastic *** traditional ways,the coupling weights depending on the communication structure are static.A new distributed controller is designed based on Riccati inequalities,while updating the coupling weights associated with the gain matrix by state errors between adjacent *** introducing time-varying coupling weights into this novel control law,the state errors between leader and followers asymptotically converge to the minimum value utilizing the local *** the Lyapunov directed method and It?formula,the stability of the closed-loop system with the proposed control law is *** simulation results conducted by the new and traditional schemes are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantage of the developed control method.
To understand a document with multiple events, event-event relation extraction (ERE) emerges as a crucial task, aiming to discern how natural events temporally or structurally associate with each other. To achieve thi...
With the rapid development of information technologies and cloud computing, sensor networks play an increasingly important role in our society. Over the past few decades, distributed observer theory has attracted unpr...
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With the rapid development of information technologies and cloud computing, sensor networks play an increasingly important role in our society. Over the past few decades, distributed observer theory has attracted unprecedented attention due to its wide potential applications in different areas. Meanwhile, various approaches and algorithms have been proposed and investigated. The design of distributed observers is one of the frontier topics of system and control research, which has the significant theoretical values and broad application prospects. This paper attempts to review the representative models and the corresponding approaches for distributed observer design in linear time-invariant(LTI) systems. Firstly, the research backgrounds and main advances of distributed observer designs are briefly reviewed. Then, recent results of distributed observer designs for discrete-time and continuous-time LTI multi-agent systems(MASs) are introduced in detail, respectively. Finally, the prospects and the future work directions of the design of distributed observers are put forward. The main purpose of this paper is to promote the emerging topic on the designs of distributed observers, with focuses on the interdisciplinary interest from technological sciences.
Hyper-parameter estimation is one of the fundamental issues for kernel-based regularized system identification methods. Empirical Bayes (EB) estimator and Stein's unbiased risk estimator (SURE) are two popular hyp...
Hyper-parameter estimation is one of the fundamental issues for kernel-based regularized system identification methods. Empirical Bayes (EB) estimator and Stein's unbiased risk estimator (SURE) are two popular hyper-parameter estimators, but they both have advantages and disadvantages. Specifically, EB is not asymptotically optimal in the mean squared error (MSE) sense but SURE is, while SURE is more sensitive to ill-conditioned regression matrix but EB is more robust. In this paper, to find a better estimator by combining their strength and mitigating their weakness, we propose a family of hyper-parameter estimators by linking EB and SURE estimators together through an index. The finite sample and asymptotic properties of this family of estimators have been established. The Monte Carlo simulation results show that there does exist a ‘middle’ hyper-parameter estimator in this family that is superior to the EB and SURE.
In response to concerns over the centralization tendency in the decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), TRUE autonomous organizations and operations (TAOs or TRUE DAOs) have been proposed recently. TAOs aim at ...
In response to concerns over the centralization tendency in the decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), TRUE autonomous organizations and operations (TAOs or TRUE DAOs) have been proposed recently. TAOs aim at spreading equitable value distribution and democratized decision-making, distinguishing them from their DAOs counterparts. This study focuses on the treasury within TAOs, which acts as a central fund pool and a crucial element in the decentralized economy (DeEco) system. First, against a backdrop of potential black swan events and other long-tail unforeseen challenges, a reference model for the intelligent treasury management of TAOs is proposed. Then, an evaluation system, namely VALID, is presented with metrics including verifiability, anti-volatility, legitimacy, inclusiveness, and decentralization. Furthermore, a novel parallel treasury management mechanism is proposed to demonstrate a virtual-real interactive closed-loop management and control paradigm of the treasury, thereby fostering the formulation and development of DeEco. This research provides a comprehensive perspective on intelligent treasury management of TAOs and their role in sustainable advancement of DeEco.
The growing complexity of real-world systems necessitates interdisciplinary solutions to confront myriad challenges in modeling,analysis,management,and *** meet these demands,the parallel systems method rooted in the ...
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The growing complexity of real-world systems necessitates interdisciplinary solutions to confront myriad challenges in modeling,analysis,management,and *** meet these demands,the parallel systems method rooted in the artificial systems,computational experiments,and parallel execution(ACP)approach has been *** method cultivates a cycle termed parallel intelligence,which iteratively creates data,acquires knowledge,and refines the actual *** the past two decades,the parallel systems method has continuously woven advanced knowledge and technologies from various disciplines,offering vers atile interdisciplinary solutions for complexsystems across diverse *** review explores the origins and fundamental concepts of the parallel systems method,showcasing its accomplishments as a diverse array of parallel technologies and applica-tions while also prognosticating potential *** posit that this method will considerably augment sustainable development while enhancing interdisciplinary communication and cooperation.
Cellular-connected unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications is an enabling technology to transmit control signaling or payload data for UAVs through cellular networks. Due to the line-of-sight dominant air-to-grou...
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Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence is one of the most important measures to calculate the difference between probability distributions. In this paper, we theoretically study several properties of KL divergence between m...
Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence is one of the most important measures to calculate the difference between probability distributions. In this paper, we theoretically study several properties of KL divergence between multivariate Gaussian distributions. Firstly, for any two n-dimensional Gaussian distributions Ɲ1 and Ɲ2, we prove that when KL(Ɲ2‖Ɲ1) ≤ ε (ε > 0) the supremum of KL (Ɲ1‖Ɲ2) is (1/2) ((-W0 (-e-(1+2ε)))-1 + log(-W0 (-e-(1+2ε))) - 1), where W0 is the principal branch of Lambert W function. For small ε, the supremum is ε + 2ε1.5 + O (ε2). This quantifies the approximate symmetry of small KL divergence between Gaussian distributions. We further derive the infimum of KL(Ɲ1‖Ɲ2) when KL(Ɲ2‖Ɲ1) ≥ M (M > 0). We give the conditions when the supremum and infimum can be attained. Secondly, for any three n-dimensional Gaussian distributions Ɲ1, Ɲ2, and Ɲ3, we theoretically show that an upper bound of KL (Ɲ1‖Ɲ3) is 3ε1 + 3ε2 + 2√ε1ε2 + o(ε1)+ o(ε2) when KL (Ɲ1‖Ɲ2) ≤ ε1 and KL(Ɲ2‖Ɲ3) ≤ ε2 (ε1, ε2 ≥ 0). This reveals that KL divergence between Gaussian distributions follows a relaxed triangle inequality. Note that, all these bounds in the theorems presented in this work are independent of the dimension n. Finally, we discuss several applications of our theories in deep learning, reinforcement learning, and sample complexity research.
Dear editor,The exponentially convergent angular velocity estimator on SO(3) is of great importance for the control of rigid body [1]. Based on the idea of adaptive technique, the angular velocity observer on SO(3) wa...
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Dear editor,The exponentially convergent angular velocity estimator on SO(3) is of great importance for the control of rigid body [1]. Based on the idea of adaptive technique, the angular velocity observer on SO(3) was firstly proposed in [2]. Refs.[3, 4]and references therein mainly focus on constructing different attitude error functions to improve convergence rate. In those studies, based on
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