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9th Purple Mountain Form on Smart Grid Protection and control, PMF 2024

作者： Wei, Xiaoqiang Liu, Naiyuan He, Zhifeng Yang, Hao Sun, Zhenglong State Grid Heilongjiang Electric Power Company Limited Harbin150000 China Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control & Renewable Energy Technology Ministry of Education Northeast Electric Power University Jilin132000 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819616701

There is an urgent need to address the transient synchronization stability (TSS) problem caused by the increasing penetration of renewable resources into the power network through grid-following converters (GFL-VSCs). It is challenging to analyze the TSS in power systems with high penetration of renewable resources due to the complex interaction between a large number of GFL-VSCs and power network. Although some research has been carried out on TSS assessment of GFL-VSC systems, its application is limited because measuring the numerous internal parameters of distributed converters is hard. To fill this gap, this paper proposes a TSS analysis method using local network measurements. The present study first constructs a port energy function for PLL-controlled converters, establishing the relationship between the internal control and the transient energy of the converter. Secondly, the branch energy function is constructed using the law of energy conservation. Due to transient energy interactions between the converters and the branches, the transient instability characteristics of the converters are mapped into the network. Transient instability characteristics are extracted through PMUs in the network. On this basis, the TSS of the GFL-VSC systems is analyzed through the identified critical branches. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through simulations on the modified IEEE 39-BUS system and a practical power system. © State Grid Electric power 2025.

关键词： Transient stability

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Analysis of the impact of substation grounding network on the resistive coupling of the surrounding gas pipeline system and the newly built grounding system under high frequency lightning currents

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Dianli Xitong Baohu yu Kongzhi/power system Protection and control 2025年第9期53卷 166-175页

作者： Ma, Chenglian Yao, Xinyue Song, Mengqing Liu, Chunming Yang, Mao Sun, Li Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control & Renewable Energy Technology Ministry of Education [Northeast Electric Power University Jilin132012 China Beijing102206 China

Based on the analysis of the power frequency grounding network, this paper focuses on the upgrading of the old grounding networks in some substations and the safety protection of the surrounding pipeline systems in the power grid, taking a 500 kV substation’s new grounding network renovation project and a 220 kV substation’s grounding network pipeline stray current interference protection project as examples. Based on the four-layer soil model calculated using ETAP power Station and CDEGS, combined with the CDEGS grounding network simulation software, actual models of the new and old grounding networks and surrounding metal pipelines are built. The resistive coupling effects on the grounding networks and its surrounding structures under power frequency and high-frequency currents are compared and analyzed. This paper specifically examines the similarities and differences between the effects of lightning currents and power frequency short-circuit currents on substation grounding networks and surrounding pipeline systems, identifying weak points in the discharge and dispersion process of high-frequency lightning currents. The results show that high-frequency lightning currents cause a sharp increase in the ground potential at the current injection point, with a rapid stepwise decaying of current amplitude, resulting in minimal impact on the ground potential at the edge of the grounding network. When metal pipelines exist around the substation, the sudden rise in transient voltage can easily cause partial discharge in the pipeline insulation layer, leading to a sudden drop in the potential of the gas pipeline insulation layer and resulting in breakdown. © 2025 power system Protection and control Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： Short circuit currents

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Online Optimization to Suppress the Grid-Injected power Deviation of Wind Farms with Battery-Hydrogen Hybrid energy Storage systems

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energy Engineering 2025年第4期122卷 1403-1424页

作者： Min Liu Qiliang Wu Zhixin Li Bo Zhao Leiqi Zhang Junhui Li Xingxu Zhu State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co. Ltd.Electric Power Research InstituteHangzhou310014China Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation Control and Green Power New Technology of the Ministry of Education Northeast Electric Power UniversityJilin132012China

To address the issue of coordinated control of multiple hydrogen and battery storage units to suppress the grid-injected power deviation of wind farms,an online optimization strategy for Battery-hydrogen hybrid energy storage systems based on measurement feedback is ***,considering the high charge/discharge losses of hydrogen storage and the low energy density of battery storage,an operational optimization objective is established to enable adaptive energy adjustment in the Battery-hydrogen hybrid energy storage ***,an online optimization model minimizing the operational cost of the hybrid system is constructed to suppress grid-injected power deviations with satisfying the operational constraints of hydrogen storage and ***,utilizing the online measurement of the energy states of hydrogen storage and batteries,an online optimization strategy based on measurement feedback is *** study results show:before and after smoothing the fluctuations in wind power,the time when the power exceeded the upper and lower limits of the grid-injected power accounted for 24.1%and 1.45%of the total time,respectively,the proposed strategy can effectively keep the grid-injected power deviations of wind farms within the allowable *** storage and batteries respectively undertake long-term and short-term charge/discharge tasks,effectively reducing charge/discharge losses of the Battery-hydrogen hybrid energy storage systems and improving its operational efficiency.

关键词： Battery-hydrogen hybrid energy storage systems grid-injected power deviations measurement feedback online optimization energy states

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An equivalent modeling method for integrated water-wind-solar systems based on sparrow search algorithm

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energy Informatics 2025年第1期8卷 1-16页

作者： Lu, Yuanhong Zhang, Jie Zhang, Jingyue Huang, Libin Guo, Haiping Hu, Binjiang Guo, Tianyu State Key Laboratory of HVDC Electric Power Research Institute China Southern Power Grid Guangzhou510663 China National Energy Power Grid Technology R & D Centre Guangzhou510663 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation and Control for New Energy Power System Guangzhou510663 China CSG Key Laboratory for Power System Simulation Electric Power Research Institute China Southern Power Grid Guangzhou510663 China

In the context of extensive integration of renewable energy sources into the electrical grid, the grid's fault transient behaviors have undergone significant changes. However, conventional single-unit equivalent models fail to accurately capture the fault transient responses of combined wind-solar-hydro power stations and often require substantial computational resources, leading to reduced simulation efficiency. This study proposes a cluster-based equivalent modeling approach for hybrid wind-solar-hydro power plants using the Sparrow Search Algorithm. key factors influencing fault characteristics, including the distance to the Point of Common Coupling, DC-side current-limiting measures, irradiance levels, water flow rates, wind speeds, and reactive power at the outlet, are identified and used to construct a transient model. Euclidean distances are computed for these factors, and initial clustering centers for wind turbines are determined using an improved max–min distance technique. These factors and clustering centers serve as the training dataset to establish the clustering equivalent model. simulation results, conducted on the MATLAB2022 platform, demonstrate that the SSA-based model outperforms the single-unit equivalent model by over 150 times in terms of accuracy. Additionally, the SSA-based model achieves a delay time, defined as the time required to compute the system's transient response after a fault, of less than 5 ms, which is less than one-twentieth of the delay time of the single-unit equivalent model. These improvements highlight the model's ability to accurately capture dynamic power responses under various disturbances, making it highly suitable for real-time applications in hybrid renewable energy systems. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： MATLAB

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The electromagnetic transient simulation acceleration algorithm based on delay mitigation of dynamic critical paths

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energy Informatics 2025年第1期8卷 1-12页

作者： Guo, Qi Lu, Yuanhong Zhang, Jie Zhang, Jingyue Huang, Libin Guo, Haiping Guo, Tianyu Tu, Liang State Key Laboratory of HVDC Electric Power Research Institute China Southern Power Grid Guangzhou510663 China National Energy Power Grid Technology R & D Centre Guangzhou510663 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation and Control for New Energy Power System Guangzhou510663 China CSG Key Laboratory for Power System Simulation Electric Power Research Institute China Southern Power Grid Guangzhou510663 China

The task scheduling problem based on directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) has been proven to be NP-complete in general cases or under certain restrictions. In this paper, building upon existing scheduling algorithms, we introduce a static task scheduling algorithm based on directed acyclic graphs. By incorporating the proportion of task transmission delay as a guiding metric in the optimization process, processors can be prioritized for tasks with high latency, thereby improving computational efficiency. We first validate the theoretical feasibility of the algorithm using a theoretical case study and illustrate the algorithmic effectiveness using two real case studies, direct current (DC) model and alternating current (AC) model respectively. The research indicates that the scheduling algorithm proposed in this paper achieves an average scheduling length improvement of over 1.2% compared to the Heterogeneous Earliest-Finish-Time algorithm (HEFT) in topologies with high latency tasks. Additionally, the experiments show that the HEFT algorithm consumes 39.85us and the EMT-DM algorithm consumes 38.29us during simulation using DC, and the HEFT algorithm consumes 31.23us and the EMT-DM algorithm consumes 26.51us during simulation using AC, both of which are improved compared to the HEFT algorithm. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Flow graphs

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Monthly Reduced Time-Period Scheduling of Thermal Generators and energy Storage Considering Daily Minimum Chargeable energy of energy Storage

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energy Engineering 2025年第4期122卷 1469-1489页

作者： Xingxu Zhu Shiye Wang Gangui Yan Junhui Li Hongda Dong Chenggang Li Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation Control and Green Power New Technology of the Ministry of Education Northeast Electric Power UniversityJilin132012China State Grid Jilin Electric Power Co. Ltd.Electric Power Science Research InstituteJilin130021China

To address the excessive complexity of monthly scheduling and the impact of uncertain net load on the chargeable energy of storage,a reduced time-period monthly scheduling model for thermal generators and energy storage,incorporating daily minimum chargeable energy constraints,was ***,considering the variations in the frequency of unit start-ups and shutdowns under different levels of net load fluctuation,a method was proposed to reduce decision time periods for unit start-up and shut-down *** approach,based on the characteristics of net load fluctuations,minimizes the decision variables of units,thereby simplifying the monthly ***,the relationship between energy storage charging and discharging power,net load,and the total maximum/minimum output of units was *** on this,daily minimum chargeable energy constraints were established to ensure the energy storage system meets charging requirements under extreme net load ***,taking into account the operational costs of thermal generators and energy storage,load loss costs,and operational constraints,the reduced time-period monthly schedulingmodel was *** studies demonstrate that the proposedmethod effectively generates economical monthly operation plans for thermal generators and energy storage,significantly reduces model solution time,and satisfies the charging requirements of energy storage under extreme net load conditions.

关键词： Monthly scheduling thermal generators energy storage daily minimum chargeable energy decision time-period reduction unit start-up and shut-down unit commitment renewable energy

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Optimized Strategies for Peak Shaving and BESS Efficiency Enhancement through Cycle-Based control and Cluster-Level power Allocation

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Gan, Guo Junhui, Li Gang, Mu Gangui, Yan Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control & Renewable Energy Technology Ministry of Education Northeast Electric Power University Jilin132012 China

Battery energy Storage systems (BESS) are essential for peak shaving, balancing power supply and demand while enhancing grid efficiency. This study proposes a cycle-based control strategy for charging and discharging, which optimizes capture rate (CR), release rate (RR), and capacity utilization rate (CUR), improving BESS performance. Compared to traditional day-ahead methods, the cycle-based approach enhances operational accuracy and reduces capacity waste, achieving a CUR increase from 75.1% to 79.9%. An innovative cluster-level power allocation method, leveraging an improved Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, is introduced. This strategy reduces daily energy loss by 174.21 kWh (3.7%) and increases BESS efficiency by 0.4%. Transient and steady-state energy loss components are analyzed, revealing that transient loss proportion decreases significantly as power depth increases, from 27.2% at 1 MW to 1.3% at 10 MW. simulations based on a detailed Simulink/Simscape model validate these methods, demonstrating enhanced peak shaving effectiveness and prolonged BESS lifespan by reducing equivalent cycles. The study provides a robust framework for optimizing BESS performance and efficiency in real-world applications. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Charge storage

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power grid transformer vibration-noise coupling effect considering subway stray current interference

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Dianli Xitong Baohu yu Kongzhi/power system Protection and control 2025年第9期53卷 70-81页

作者： Pan, Chao An, Jingge Liu, Chuang Li, Zaiyuan Shi, Xiaobo Du, Yi Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control & Renewable Energy Technology Northeast Electric Power University Ministry of Education Jilin132012 China Dalian Power Supply Company State Grid Dalian Electric Power Co. Ltd. Dalian116001 China

To address the abnormal vibration and noise in power grid transformers caused by stray currents from urban subways, a transformer instability identification method based on the mapping relationship between stray current variations and inherent noise is proposed. First, the primary paths and mechanisms of stray current interference in the power grid are analyzed, and the characteristics of the stray current variations are summarized based on measured data. Next, a multi-physics transformer coupling model considering stray current interference is proposed, dividing the electromagnetic-mechanical-acoustic coupling into an electromagnetic interference domain and a vibration-noise propagation domain. Through simulation analysis under different scenarios, the interference and propagation patterns of stray current mutation rate and timing on transformer parameters such as current and magnetic flux are studied. Finally, an experimental platform is set up to measure the multi-physics characteristics of transformers, while the correctness of the proposed model and conclusions are verified by comparing experimental and simulation results. Moreover, an instability criterion is established based on the mapping between the stray current mutation rate and noise. The results indicate that the vibration and noise of the transformer intensify significantly at points of stray current mutation, with the problem being most severe when the phase angle difference between the stray current mutation timing and the initial phase of power frequency excitation is 90°, leading to an approximately 10% increase in the inherent noise level. This method provides a basis for situational awareness and equipment protection of grid transformers near rail transit systems. © 2025 power system Protection and control Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： Transformer protection

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A framework of day-ahead wind supply power forecasting by risk scenario perception

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IEEE Transactions on Sustainable energy 2025年

作者： Yang, Mao Huang, Yutong Wang, Zhao Wang, Bo Su, Xin Northeast Electric Power University Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control & Renewable Energy Technology Ministry of Education Jilin132012 China China Electric Power Research Institute State Key Laboratory of Operation and Contr Ol of Renewable Energy & Storage Systems Beijing100912 China

Wind power forecasting (WPF) systems are essential to maintain the safe and stable operation of the power system in case of large-scale grid-connected wind farms. However, the current forecasting has the problem of disunity between statistical value and application value, that is, it only pays attention to its forecasting accuracy and ignores the risks caused by it in the power system. In order to solve the above problems, this study proposes a framework of wind supply power forecasting (WSPF) for wind farm cluster, which takes into account the risk scenario perception. First of all, aiming at the predicted risk phenomenon in WPF, TimesNet combined with the fluctuation information of Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) wind speed is used to identify the corresponding risk scenarios. Secondly, the effective consumption area and power supply risk area evaluation index, as well as the accuracy of WSPF are defined, and the optimal forecasting curve correction scheme is fitted according to the index. Thirdly, taking into account the correction scheme and identification results, a variety of predictors are used to verify the WSPF according to the above framework. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a wind farm cluster in Inner Mongolia Autonomous region of China, the average accuracy of WSPF has increased by 37%, which verifies the effectiveness and universality of this method. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Wind forecasting

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Deep Learning and Projection Neural Network With Finite-Time Convergence for energy Management of Multi-energy system

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IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 2025年第3期16卷 2156-2168页

作者： Liu, Xueying He, Xing Li, Chaojie Huang, Tingwen Southwest University Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Circuits and Intelligent Information Processing College of Electronic and Information Engineering Chongqing400715 China North China Electric Power University State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources Beijing102206 China Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology Faculty of Computer Science and Control Engineering Shenzhen518055 China

In this paper, an approach based on projection neural network (PNN), sliding mode control technique, and deep learning is proposed to solve the energy management problem of multi-energy systems (MES) containing dynamic parameters. First, the sliding mode technique is introduced in the PNN to design a finite-time PNN (FTPNN). The stability and finite-time convergence of the proposed FTPNN are proved by the Lyapunov method and the setting time bound is given. Then, the deep FTPNN (DFTPNN) is designed by combining deep learning with the proposed FTPNN. The dynamic parameters in the MES that change over time are used as input variables for the DFTPNN, allowing the trained DFTPNN to respond immediately to changes in the dynamic parameters and to predict the solutions of the FTPNN with different parameters directly. simulation experiments show that FTPNN has faster convergence compared to PNN. DFTPNN significantly reduces the computation time compared to FTPNN. DFTPNN provides predicted solutions to FTPNN. Since DFTPNN can respond immediately to changes in dynamic parameters and directly provide energy management strategies under different parameters, it can adapt to changing environments and promote the economic and stable operation of MES. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Cogeneration Heuristic algorithms Convergence Deep learning Prediction algorithms Optimization Heating systems energy management Approximation algorithms power system stability

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