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Large potential of strengthening the land carbon sink in China through anthropogenic interventions

Science Bulletin 2024年第16期69卷 2622-2631页

作者： Xu Yue Hao Zhou Yang Cao Hong Liao Xiaofei Lu Zhen Yu Wenping Yuan Zhu Liu Yadong Lei Stephen Sitch Jürgen Knauer Huijun Wang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologySchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science&Technology(NUIST)Nanjing 210044China College of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Jiangsu Nanjing Environmental Monitoring Center Nanjing 210013China Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province Institute of EcologySchool of Applied MeteorologyNUISTNanjing 210044China Institute of Carbon Neutrality Sino-French Institute for Earth System ScienceCollege of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of ExeterExeter EX44RJUK Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney UniversityPenrith 2751Australia Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of EducationJoint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment ChangeCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological DisastersNUISTNanjing 210044China

The terrestrial ecosystem in China mitigates 21%-45%of the national contemporary fossil fuel CO_(2) emissions every *** and strengthening the land carbon sink is essential for reaching China’s target of carbon ***,this sink is subject to large uncertainties due to the joint impacts of climate change,air pollution,and human ***,we explore the potential of strengthening land carbon sink in China through anthropogenic interventions,including forestation,ozone reduction,and litter removal,taking advantage of a well-validated dynamic vegetation model and meteorological forcings from 16 climate *** anthropogenic interventions,considering Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSP)scenarios,the land sink is projected to be 0.26-0.56 Pg C a^(-1) at 2060,to which climate change contributes 0.06-0.13 Pg C a^(-1) and CO_(2) fertilization contributes 0.08-0.44 Pg C a^(-1) with the stronger effects for higher emission *** anthropogenic interventions,under a close-to-neutral emission scenario(SSP1-2.6),the land sink becomes 0.47-0.57 Pg C a^(-1) at 2060,including the contributions of 0.12 Pg C a^(-1) by conservative forestation,0.07 Pg C a^(-1) by ozone pollution control,and 0.06-0.16 Pg C a^(-1) by 20%litter removal over planted *** sink can mitigate 90%-110% of the residue anthropogenic carbon emissions in 2060,providing a solid foundation for the carbon neutrality in China.

关键词： Carbon sink Forestation Ozone Litter removal

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Recurrent Attentional Reinforcement Learning for Fault Diagnosis of Hydraulic system

Recurrent Attentional Reinforcement Learning for Fault Diagn...

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International Conference on control, Decision and information Technologies (CoDIT)

作者： Zhenhui Tang Ru Liu Kang Lou Chaojian Gao Jingcheng Wang SJTU Sanya Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Science and Technology Sanya China Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Shanghai Marine Equipment Research Institute Shanghai China Department of Automation the Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China and the Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Autonomous Systems and Intelligent Control International Joint Research Center Xi'an Technological University Xi'an China

ISBN: (数字)9798350373974

ISBN: (纸本)9798350373981

Recognizing fault types of machinery system is a fundamental but challenging task in industrial application. Although data-driven fault diagnosis method attains remarkable progress by learning fault features automatically, the existing data-driven fault diagnosis pipelines learn non-discriminative feature. To deal with these problems, a new data-driven fault diagnosis method with recurrent attentional module is proposed to find a sequence of informative features by localizing distinguishing time fragments about each individual faults iteratively. The contextual sequence dependency between the localized time fragments is enhanced. Then, the fault types are further predicted on localized time fragments. The proposed framework also explicitly models long-term dependencies among these attentional time fragments to capture historical fault information. Experiments on hydraulic system show that the proposed framework achieves superior diagnosis performance and computation efficiency.

关键词： Fault diagnosis Location awareness Accuracy Computational modeling Pipelines Reinforcement learning Hydraulic systems Computational efficiency information technology

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Metal Migration Induced Breakdown from Gate Contact in Bulk FinFET Devices

Metal Migration Induced Breakdown from Gate Contact in Bulk ...

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International Symposium on Physical & Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits

作者： Xin Yang Yihong Qing Kuei-Shu Chang-Liao Yuchong Qiao Chaolun Wang Zhiwei Liu Luoyong Li Chihang Tsai Yongren Wu Yazhen Xie Weisong Yu Xing Wu Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing East China Normal University Shanghai China Center for Advanced Semiconductor & Integrated Micro-System University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China Engineering & System Science National Tsing Hua University Taiwan China China Chinaisti (shanghai) Testing Technology Co. Ltd Shanghai China

Bulk fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) devices with excellent gate control ability are promising to succeed the planar devices under Moore’s law. With the scaling down of the feature size, the reliability of the FinFET device becomes an urgent issue. Also, the miniaturized three-dimensional structure of bulk FinFET makes the failure characterization more challenging. In this paper, we carried out the direct current (DC) breakdown and transmission line pulse (TLP) breakdown in the bulk FinFET. Corresponding microstructural and chemical elements’ differences between gate contact and gate electrode are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). For both experiments, the fin nearest to gate contact is completely damaged under electrical stressing. The destruction of DC is more serious, which has a large area fusion with metal migration. The TLP damage is local and tends to form a void. The gate contact structure is intact with slight elements’ migration. This work paves a guideline for the reliability improvements of FinFET.

关键词： Integrated circuits Electric breakdown Transmission electron microscopy Contacts Metals Logic gates FinFETs

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Syndrome Classification Based on Multi-Graph Attention Network

Syndrome Classification Based on Multi-Graph Attention Netwo...

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IEEE International Symposium on information (IT) in Medicine and Education, ITME

作者： Jishun Ma Weikai Lu Changen Zhou Shenghua Teng Zuoyong Li College of Electronic and Information Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao China School of Electronic Electrical Engineering and Physics Fujian University of Technology Fuzhou China Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Fuzhou China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing and Intelligent Control College of Computer and Control Engineering Minjiang University Fuzhou China

Syndrome classification is an important step in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, we propose a multi-graph attention network (MGAT) based method to simulate TCM doctors to infer the syndromes. Specifically, the complex relationships between symptoms and state elements are aggregated using graph attention networks (GAT) and syndromes are classified by a multilayer perceptron (MLP). To verify the effectiveness of the model, extensive experiments are conducted on the Treatise on Febrile Diseases dataset. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms several typical methods in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The MGAT model has high accuracy in syndrome classification and has practical application value.

关键词： Computational modeling Education Medical services Multilayer perceptrons Feature extraction Computer aided diagnosis information technology

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Covert beamforming design for intelligent reflecting surface assisted IoT networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Ma, Shuai Zhang, Yunqi Li, Hang Sun, Junchang Shi, Jia Zhang, Han Shen, Chao Li, Shiyin School of Information and Control Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou221116 China Data-driven Information System Laboratory Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data Guangdong Shenzhen518172 China State Key Laboratory of ISN School of Telecommunications Engineering Xidian University Xi’an710071 China Institute for Communication Systems University of Surrey GuildfordGU2 7XH United Kingdom State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China

In this paper, we consider covert beamforming design for intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted Internet of Things (IoT) networks, where Alice utilizes IRS to covertly transmit a message to Bob without being recognized by Willie. We investigate the joint beamformer design of Alice and IRS to maximize the covert rate of Bob when the knowledge about Willie’s channel state information (WCSI) is perfect and imperfect at Alice, respectively. For the former case, we develop a covert beamformer under the perfect covert constraint by applying semidefinite relaxation. For the later case, the optimal decision threshold of Willie is derived, and we analyze the false alarm and the missed detection probabilities. Furthermore, we utilize the property of Kullback-Leibler divergence to develop the robust beamformer based on a relaxation, S-Lemma and alternate iteration approach. Finally, the numerical experiments evaluate the performance of the proposed covert beamformer design and robust beamformer design. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Beamforming

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Dual-Net for Joint Channel Estimation and Data Recovery in Grant-free Massive Access

Dual-Net for Joint Channel Estimation and Data Recovery in G...

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2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)

作者： Yanna Bai Wei Chen Yuan Ma Ning Wang Bo Ai State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Beijing Jiaotong University China Beijing Engineering Research Center of High-speed Railway Broadband Mobile Communications Beijing China Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-speed Railway System Beijing China College of Electronics and Information Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China School of Information Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China Key Laboratory of Railway Industry of Broadband Mobile Information Communications Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728181059

In massive machine-type communications (mMTC), the conflict between millions of potential access devices and limited channel freedom leads to a sharp decrease in spectral efficiency. The sparse nature of mMTC provides a solution by using compressive sensing (CS) to perform multiuser detection (MUD) but suffers conflict between the high computation complexity and low latency requirements. In this paper, we propose a novel Dual-network for joint channel estimation and data recovery. The proposed Dual-Net utilizes the sparse consistency between the channel vector and data matrix of all users. Experimental results show that the proposed Dual-Net outperforms existing CS algorithms and general neural networks in computation complexity and accuracy, which means reduced access delay and more supported devices.

关键词： Multiuser detection Performance evaluation Spectral efficiency Channel estimation Sensors Delays Sparse matrices

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A Single-Cell Clustering Algorithm Based on Structure Perturbation Non-Negative Matrix Factorization

A Single-Cell Clustering Algorithm Based on Structure Pertur...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2024

作者： Jiang, Hanjing Wang, Meineng Zhang, Luping Huang, Yu-An Li, Yangyuan Huang, Yabing Huazhong University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control Education Ministry of China Institute of Artificial Intelligence School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Hubei Wuhan430074 China China University of Mining and Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Xuzhou221116 China Yichun University School of Mathematics and Computer Science Yichun336000 China East China University of Technology School of Information Engineering Nanchang330013 China Northwestern Polytechnical University School of Computer Science Xi'an710129 China Renmin Hospital Wuhan University Department of Pathology Wuhan430060 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386226

The advent of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has facilitated the acquisition of high-resolution data regarding cell heterogeneity across various tissues. A fundamental and critical step in the analysis of scRNA-seq data is cell type identification. An appropriate graph construction strategy can reflect the topological structure between cells and allows for detailed exploration of the relationships between cells and genes. Given the sparsity of scRNA-seq data and the pronounced noise generated by shallow sequencing, choosing an appropriate graph construction strategy has become a significant challenge. In this paper, we propose a single-cell clustering method, named Sc-PNNMF, based on structural perturbation of nonnegative matrix factorization. Sc-PNNMF employs a structural perturbation algorithm to optimize the gene expression matrix. The optimized matrix guides the matrix factorization process, effectively overcoming the impact of data sparsity and significant noise in gene expression data on the graph construction strategy. We compared the clustering abilities of Sc-PNNMF with five other methods on ten real datasets. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Non-negative matrix factorization

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SFDA-rPPG: Source-Free Domain Adaptive Remote Physiological Measurement with Spatio-Temporal Consistency

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Xie, Yiping Yu, Zitong Wu, Bingjie Xie, Weicheng Shen, Linlin Computer Vision Institute School of Computer Science & Software Engineering Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China School of Computing and Information Technology Great Bay University Dongguan523000 China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Singapore

Remote Photoplethysmography (rPPG) is a non-contact method that uses facial video to predict changes in blood volume, enabling physiological metrics measurement. Traditional rPPG models often struggle with poor generalization capacity in unseen domains. Current solutions to this problem is to improve its generalization in the target domain through Domain Generalization (DG) or Domain Adaptation (DA). However, both traditional methods require access to both source domain data and target domain data, which cannot be implemented in scenarios with limited access to source data, and another issue is the privacy of accessing source domain data. In this paper, we propose the first Source-free Domain Adaptation benchmark for rPPG measurement (SFDA-rPPG), which overcomes these limitations by enabling effective domain adaptation without access to source domain data. Our framework incorporates a Three-Branch Spatio-Temporal Consistency Network (TSTC-Net) to enhance feature consistency across domains. Furthermore, we propose a new rPPG distribution alignment loss based on the Frequency-domain Wasserstein Distance (FWD), which leverages optimal transport to align power spectrum distributions across domains effectively and further enforces the alignment of the three branches. Extensive cross-domain experiments and ablation studies demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method in source-free domain adaptation settings. Our findings highlight the significant contribution of the proposed FWD loss for distributional alignment, providing a valuable reference for future research and applications. The source code is available at https://***/XieYiping66/SFDA-rPPG. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photoplethysmography

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Named Entity Driven Zero-Shot Image Manipulation

Named Entity Driven Zero-Shot Image Manipulation

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Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： Zhida Feng Li Chen Jing Tian JiaXiang Liu Shikun Feng School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Real-time Industrial System Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Baidu Inc. Institute of Systems Science National University of Singapore

ISBN: (数字)9798350353006

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353013

We introduced StyleEntity, a zero-shot image manipulation model that utilizes named entities as proxies during its training phase. This strategy enables our model to manipulate images using unseen textual descriptions during inference, all within a single training phase. Additionally, we proposed an inference technique termed Prompt Ensemble Latent Averaging (PELA). PELA averages the manipulation directions derived from various named entities during inference, effectively eliminating the noise directions, thus achieving stable manipulation. In our experiments, StyleEntity exhibited superior performance in a zero-shot setting compared to other methods. The code, model weights, and datasets are available at https://***/feng-zhida/StyleEntity.

关键词： Training Adaptation models Computer vision Codes Computational modeling Noise Stability analysis

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Distributed Prescribed-Time Convex Optimization: Cascade Design and Time-Varying Gain Approach

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zuo, Gewei Zhu, Lijun Wang, Yujuan Chen, Zhiyong School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430072 China Key Laboratory of Imaging Processing and Intelligence Control Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology School of Automation Chongqing University Chongqing400044 China School of Engineering The University of Newcastle CallaghanNSW2308 Australia

In this paper, we address the distributed prescribed-time convex optimization (DPTCO) problem for a class of high-order nonlinear multi-agent systems (MASs) under undirected connected graphs. A cascade design framework is proposed, dividing the DPTCO implementation into two parts: distributed optimal trajectory generator design and local reference trajectory tracking controller design. The DPTCO problem is then transformed into the prescribed-time stabilization problem of a cascaded system. Changing Lyapunov function and time-varying state transformation methods together with the sufficient conditions are proposed to prove the prescribed-time stabilization of the cascaded system as well as the uniform boundedness of internal signals in the closed-loop MASs. The proposed framework is then utilized to solve robust DPTCO problem for a class of chain-integrator MASs with external disturbances by constructing a novel sliding-mode variables and exploiting the property of time-varying gains. The proposed framework is further utilized to solve the adaptive DPTCO problem for a class of strict-feedback MASs with parameter uncertainty, in which backstepping method with prescribed-time dynamic filter is adopted. The descending power state transformation is introduced to compensate the growth of increasing rate induced by the derivative of time-varying gains in recursive steps and the high-order derivative of local reference trajectory is not required. Finally, theoretical results are verified by two numerical examples. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stabilization

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