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A Machine Learning, Multi-Band Spectral Reflectance Clustering Approach for Examining Physical Transformations in Landfast Sea Ice Environments Affected by Spring Freshets

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Catipovic, Luka Laney, Samuel R. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods HoleMA United States The MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering Cambridge and Woods Hole MA United States City College of New York New YorkNY United States

Highlights• ML algorithms can classify water and sea ice characteristics in the coastal Arctic.• Spring freshet runoff over sea ice is optically distinct from surface melt ponds.• Time-series analyses of satellite ima... 详细信息

关键词： Sea ice

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Distributed Certifiably Correct Range-Aided SLAM

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Thoms, Alexander Papalia, Alan Velasquez, Jared Rosen, David M. Narasimhan, Sriram Sensing and Robotics for Infrastructure Laboratory University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles United States The Massachusetts Institute of Technology The MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science & Engineering Woods Hole CambridgeMA United States Robust Autonomy Lab Northeastern University BostonMA United States

Reliable simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms are necessary for safety-critical autonomous navigation. In the communication-constrained multi-agent setting, navigation systems increasingly use point-to-point range sensors as they afford measurements with low bandwidth requirements and known data association. The state estimation problem for these systems takes the form of range-aided (RA) SLAM. However, distributed algorithms for solving the RA-SLAM problem lack formal guarantees on the quality of the returned estimate. To this end, we present the first distributed algorithm for RA-SLAM that can efficiently recover certifiably globally optimal solutions. Our algorithm, distributed certifiably correct RA-SLAM (DCORA), achieves this via the Riemannian Staircase method, where computational procedures developed for distributed certifiably correct pose graph optimization are generalized to the RA-SLAM problem. We demonstrate DCORA’s efficacy on real-world multi-agent datasets by achieving absolute trajectory errors comparable to those of a state-of-the-art centralized certifiably correct RA-SLAM algorithm. Additionally, we perform a parametric study on the structure of the RA-SLAM problem using synthetic data, revealing how common parameters affect DCORA’s performance. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Navigation systems

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Novel presentation and pathophysiology of heavy parasitic burdens in Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) during sedation

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BMC Veterinary Research 2025年第1期21卷 1-12页

作者： Shero, Michelle R. Burek-Huntington, Kathy McCorkell, Robert Nadler, Steven A. Rzucidlo, Caroline L. Klink, Amy C. Hindle, Allyson G. Burns, Jennifer M. Johnson, Shawn Biology Department Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA United States Alaska Veterinary Pathology Services Eagle River AK United States Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Canada Department of Entomology and Nematology University of California Davis Davis CA United States MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science & Engineering Woods Hole and Cambridge MA United States School of Life Sciences University of Nevada Las Vegas Las Vegas NV United States Department of Biological Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock TX United States Sea Change Health Sunnyvale CA United States

Background: Marine mammals act as sentinel species, with top predators’ overall health reflecting their ecosystem, integrated across multiple trophic levels. Yet apparently healthy wild animals may have significant subclinical pathology that goes undetected due to unknown medical histories. Marine mammals, particularly phocid seals, often suffer from heavy parasite burdens. While there are documented cases of severe respiratory infections resulting in complications during sedation, there have been no reports of gastrointestinal parasites contributing to poor outcomes during examinations requiring sedation or anesthesia. This report describes two unique presentations of high intestinal parasite loads that purportedly predisposed Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) to complications under sedation, and characterizes underlying pathology. Case presentation: Two adult female Weddell seals exhibited prolonged apnea and vomiting while under intravenous sedation, that led to aspiration and mortality despite resuscitation attempts. Post-mortem examination revealed a severe Diphyllobothrium tapeworm impaction in the duodenum, with the parasitic mass causing a partial or complete obstruction. In both cases, the stomach was remarkably distended, suggesting the parasitic mass slowed gastric emptying. Both animals’ stomachs contained a high parasite burden with roundworms embedded into the mucosa. Histological analysis identified underlying pathological conditions that were likely parasite related, including chronic pneumonia associated with lungworm infestations, reactive, depleted and fibrosed lymph nodes, granulomatous lymphadenitis and hepatitis. Further examination in one of the animals revealed severe gastritis and necrotizing duodenitis at the site of the cestode infection. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first description of a significant gastrointestinal parasitic impaction being linked to acute distress during sedation in a marine mammal. We provide an in

关键词： Cestode Duodenitis Gastritis Inflammation Nematode Obstruction Parasite Pinniped Weddell seal

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Rapid recovery of an arctic lake ecosystem from a pulse disturbance caused by thermokarst failure

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Oecologia 2025年第6期207卷 1-16页

作者： Budy, Phaedra Pennock, Casey. A. Messenger, Sarah Pehrson, Hunter Adler, Emily Thiede, Gary P. Christman, Natasha R. Crump, Byron C. Giblin, Anne E. Kling, George W. U.S. Geological Survey Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Utah State University Logan UT United States Department of Watershed Sciences Utah State University Logan UT United States Department of Evolution Ecology and Organismal Biology and Aquatic Ecology Laboratory The Ohio State University Columbus OH United States The Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole Falmouth MA United States College of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis OR United States Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography and Applied Ocean Science and Engineering Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole Falmouth MA United States Department of Integrative Biology University of Wisconsin Madison WI United States

Due to rapid climate change, arctic ecosystems are experiencing an increase in disturbances including localized land-surface failures caused by melting ground ice (thermokarst failures). These failures result in the mass transport of sediment and organic materials into surface waters, with the potential to dramatically alter aquatic ecosystem function and biotic interactions. We coupled direct comparisons and long-term data of a suite of abiotic and biotic variables in a thermokarst-impacted lake and nearby reference lake to assess the impacts of thermokarst failure. After the thermokarst failure and relative to long-term averages, water transparency was substantially reduced. We hypothesized there would be subsequent changes to lower trophic levels and profound declines in fish foraging efficiency. However, these characteristics were within the range of natural variability and/or rapidly recovered to values within the range of long-term variability. In addition, although there was limited evidence of taxa-specific changes, we did not observe any strong changes in the total relative densities, growth rates, or composition of the bacterioplankton and zooplankton communities, benthic macroinvertebrates, or changes in fish diet, that could be attributed statistically to the thermokarst event. In sum, the thermokarst disturbance had substantial effects on water transparency and some lower trophic levels, which surprisingly were not manifested in higher trophic levels. Overall, the lake ecosystem appeared resistant to thermokarst disturbance with rapid recovery within two years after the disturbance. © The Authors. Parts of this work were authored by US Federal Government authors and are not under copyright protection in the US;foreign copyright protection may apply. 2025.

关键词： Climate change Fish Microbe Warming Water quality Zooplankton

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Glacial isostatic adjustment shifted early Holocene river hydrology in Maine, USA

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Geology 2025年第5期53卷 446-450页

作者： Sanborn, Lily H. Pico, Tamara Donnelly, Jeffrey P. Perron, J. Taylor Massachusetts Institute of Technology Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering Cambridge 02139 Woods HoleMA02543 United States Earth & Planetary Sciences Department University of California Santa Cruz Santa CruzCA95064 United States Department of Geology & Geophysics Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods HoleMA02543 United States Department of Earth Atmospheric & Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

Glacial isostatic adjustment produces crustal deformation capable of altering the slope of the landscape and diverting surface water drainage, thereby modulating the hydraulic conditions that govern river evolution. These effects can be especially important near the margins of ice sheets. In Maine, USA, post-glacial changes in sedimentation within major river systems have been interpreted as the result of regional tilting and drainage rerouting due to glacial isostatic adjustment. In this study, we model isostatic adjustment driven by retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, quantify the associated tilting and drainage rerouting, and explore how these changes impacted sediment transport in Maine’s rivers. Through an analysis of changes to river slope and drainage area produced by glacial isostatic adjustment, we show that ice sheet retreat altered the median sediment grain size that rivers could entrain. We also find support for previous estimates of the timing and direction of drainage reversal at Moosehead Lake, Maine’s largest lake. Our results suggest that the history of sedimentation in Maine’s rivers reflects time-dependent effects of glacial isostatic adjustment that are superimposed on any changes in runoff associated with deglaciation. Further, our case study demonstrates that isostatic adjustment affects alluvial channel evolution and sediment delivery to the coastline for several millennia after an ice sheet retreats. © 2025 Geological Society of America.

关键词： Glacial geology

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Soft-Adaptive Turbo Equalization: Using Soft Information in Adaptation

Soft-Adaptive Turbo Equalization: Using Soft Information in ...

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46th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers

作者： Yellepeddi, Atulya Preisig, James C. Electrical Engineering/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering MIT-WHOI Joint Program USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467350518

Turbo equalizers have been exploited for underwater wireless communication due to their excellent practical performance. As the equalizer is adaptive, it is possible to take advantage of the soft information available from the decoder in the adaptation process. In this paper, we consider a method to do this and compare it with the use of soft information in feedback, which is a method that has been considered in the past. Data from the KAM11 experiment demonstrates that using soft information in adaptation can improve performance over using it only in feedback. We also consider combining these different approaches and how this affects performance.

关键词： adaptive equalisers marine communication turbo codes

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Corrigendum to “Biochemical implications of the Bottom Boundary Layer Detachment at the Mid-Atlantic Bight shelf-break front” [Continent. Shelf Res. 286 (2025) 105408]

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Continental Shelf Research 2025年 288卷

作者： Serena Negroni Dennis J. McGillicuddy Glen G. Gawarkiewicz Paolo Oddo Nadia Pinardi Department of Physics and Astronomy (DIFA) University of Bologna Bologna 40126 Italy MIT/WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Sciences and Engineering Woods Hole 02543 MA USA Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole 02543 MA USA

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Coherent source direction estimation for three-row bathymetric sidescan sonars

Coherent source direction estimation for three-row bathymetr...

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Proceedings of the oceanS '99 MTS/IEEE - Riding the Crest into the 21st Century

作者： Xu, Wen Stewart, W.Kenneth MIT/WHOI Joint Program in Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Cambridge United States

In the context of three-row bathymetric sidescan sonars, a coherent source direction estimator (CSDE) is proposed to resolve two sources from different direction. This method is compared with the ESPRIT-based approach using different sonar models. The simulations show that CSDE works very well for highly coherent sources and at the signal-to-noise ratio above 10dB while the ESPRIT-based method is quite robust for the incoherent source signal model. In addition, CSDE gives the source time series estimation on the basis of the direction estimation as well.

关键词： Sonar

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Reprocessing the NEAT Dataset: Preliminary Results

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Nugent, C.R. Bauer, J.M. Benitez, O. Blain, M. D’Souza, N. Garimella, S. Goldwater, M. Kim, Y. Larsen, H.C.G. Linder, T. Mackowiak, K. McGinnis, Z. Pan, E. Pedersen, C.C. Sadhwani, P. Spoto, F. Tan, N.J. Vereš, P. Xue, C. Olin College of Engineering 1000 Olin Way NeedhamMA02492 United States Department of Astronomy University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Earth and Space Sciences College of the Canyons Santa ClaritaCA91355 United States MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Applied Ocean Science & Engineering Cambridge and Woods Hole MA United States Department of Applied Ocean Physics & Engineering Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 266 Woods Hole Road MS #55 Woods HoleMA02543-1050 United States Aalborg University Fibigerstræde 16 Aalborg9220 Denmark Planetary Science Institute TucsonAZ85719 United States Minor Planet Center Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States School of Physical and Chemical Sciences Te Kura Matū University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch8140 New Zealand

We have created a new image analysis pipeline to reprocess images taken by the Near Earth Asteroid Tracking survey and have applied it to ten nights of observations. This work is the first large-scale reprocessing of images from an asteroid discovery survey in which thousands of archived images are re-calibrated, searched for minor planets, and resulting observations are reported to the Minor Planet Center. We describe the software used to extract, calibrate, and clean sources from the images, including specific techniques that accommodate the unique features of these archival images. This pipeline is able to find fainter asteroids than the original pipeline. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Asteroids

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CUREE: A Curious Underwater Robot for Ecosystem Exploration

CUREE: A Curious Underwater Robot for Ecosystem Exploration

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IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Yogesh Girdhar Nathan McGuire Levi Cai Stewart Jamieson Seth McCammon Brian Claus John E. San Soucie Jessica E. Todd T. Aran Mooney Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering

The current approach to exploring and monitoring complex underwater ecosystems, such as coral reefs, is to conduct surveys using diver-held or static cameras, or deploying sensor buoys. These approaches often fail to capture the full variation and complexity of interactions between different reef organisms and their habitat. The CUREE platform presented in this paper provides a unique set of capabilities in the form of robot behaviors and perception algorithms to enable scientists to explore different aspects of an ecosystem. Examples of these capabilities include low-altitude visual surveys, soundscape surveys, habitat characterization, and animal following. We demonstrate these capabilities by describing two field deployments on coral reefs in the US Virgin Islands. In the first deployment, we show that CUREE can identify the preferred habitat type of snapping shrimp in a reef through a combination of a visual survey, habitat characterization, and a soundscape survey. In the second deployment, we demonstrate CUREE's ability to follow arbitrary animals by separately following a barracuda and stingray for several minutes each in midwater and benthic environments, respectively.

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