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arXiv 2022年

作者： Silva, Suzana S.A. Murabito, Mariarita Jafarzadeh, Shahin Stangliani, Marco Verth, Gary Ballai, Istvan Fedun, Viktor Plasma Dynamics Group Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering University of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom Department of Physics Aeronautics Institute of Technology São José dos Campos Brazil INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma Via Frascati33 Monte Porzio Catone RM 00078 Italy Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 3 Göttingen37077 Germany Rosseland Centre for Solar Physics University of Oslo P.O. Box 1029 Blindern OsloNO-0315 Norway ASI Italian Space Agency Via del Politecnico snc Rome00133 Italy Plasma Dynamics Group School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom

The electromagnetic energy flux in the lower atmosphere of the Sun is a key tool to describe the energy balance of the solar atmosphere. Current investigations on energy flux in the solar atmosphere focus primarily on the vertical electromagnetic flux through the photosphere, ignoring the Poynting flux in other directions and its possible contributions to local heating. Based on a realistic Bifrost simulation of a quiet-Sun (coronal hole) atmosphere, we find that the total electromagnetic energy flux in the photosphere occurs mainly parallel to the photosphere, concentrating in small regions along intergranular lanes. Thereby, it was possible to define a proxy for this energy flux based on only variables that can be promptly retrieved from observations, namely, horizontal velocities of the small-scale magnetic elements and their longitudinal magnetic flux. Our proxy accurately describes the actual Poynting flux distribution in the simulations, with the electromagnetic energy flux reaching 1010 erg cm−2 s−1. To validate our findings, we extended the analysis to SUNRISE/IMaX data. First, we show that Bifrost realistically describes photospheric quiet-Sun regions, as the simulation presents similar distributions for line-of-sight magnetic flux and horizontal velocity field. Second, we found very similar horizontal Poynting flux proxy distributions for the simulated photosphere and observational data. Our results also indicate that the horizontal Poynting flux in the observations is considerably larger than the vertical electromagnetic flux from previous observational estimates. Therefore, our analysis confirms that the electromagnetic energy flux in the photosphere is mainly horizontal and is most intense in localized regions along intergranular lanes. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetohydrodynamics

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The effective thermal conductivity of a screen-printed thermoelectric film of Bi 2 Te 3 and CsSnI 3

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International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 2025年 250卷

作者： Koji Miyazaki Anjum Mustafa Ajay Kumar Baranwal Shrikant Saini Kosuke Watanabe Asuka Miura Tomohide Yabuki Manabu Ishimaru Shoya Kawano Qing Wang Satoshi Iikubo Qing Shen Shuzi Hayase Department of Mechanical Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology 1-1 Sensui-cho Tobata-ku Kitakyushu Fukuoka 804-8550 Japan Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology Gorakhpur Uttar Pradesh 273010 India Department of Creative Engineering National Institute of Technology Kitakyushu College 5-20-1 Shii Kokuraminami-ku Kitakyushu Fukuoka 802-0985 Japan Department of Materials Science and Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology 1-1 Sensui-cho Tobata-ku Kitakyushu Fukuoka 804-8550 Japan Department of Electronic Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology 1-1 Sensui-cho Tobata-ku Kitakyushu Fukuoka 804-8550 Japan Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Kyushu University 6-1 Kasuga-koen Kasuga Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan i-Powered Energy System Research Center (i-PERC) The University of Electro-Communications

In recent years, printed thermoelectric thin films have attracted attention due to their advantages in enabling large-area and flexible designs. We developed printable thermoelectric composites of bismuth telluride and halide perovskite, which were expected to exhibit superior thermoelectric properties compared to other printable materials, such as conductive organic materials. The measured dimensionless figure of merit was about 0.1 at room temperature due to its low thermal conductivity. We assessed the interfacial thermal resistance between bismuth telluride and halide perovskite using multilayered films to understand the measured low thermal conductivity. The calculated thermal conductivity using the measured interfacial thermal resistance was fairly consistent with the effective thermal conductivity observed. We also discussed the interfacial thermal resistance using a phonon transport model based on ab-initio calculations to confirm the validity of our measurements. Additionally, we found that the high interfacial thermal resistance was achieved due to the low group velocities of both materials in the composites. This mechanism can be applied not only to improve thermoelectric materials but also to address thermal issues in composites.

关键词： Thin films

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Supplementary material for CDC submission no. 1461

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Ju, Yue Chen, Tianshi Mu, Biqiang Ljung, Lennart Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen518172 Hong Kong School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen518172 Hong Kong Key Laboratory of Systems and Control Institute of Systems Science Academy of Mathematics and System Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Division of Automatic Control Department of Electrical Engineering Linköping University LinköpingSE-58183 Sweden

In this paper, we study the influence of ill-conditioned regression matrix on two hyper-parameter estimation methods for the kernel-based regularization method: the empirical Bayes (EB) and the Stein’s unbiased risk estimator (SURE). First, we consider the convergence rate of the cost functions of EB and SURE, and we find that they have the same convergence rate but the influence of the ill-conditioned regression matrix on the scale factor are different: the scale factor for SURE contains one more factor cond(ΦTΦ) than that of EB, where Φ is the regression matrix and cond(·) denotes the condition number of a matrix. This finding indicates that when Φ is ill-conditioned, i.e., cond(ΦTΦ) is large, the cost function of SURE converges slower than that of EB. Then we consider the convergence rate of the optimal hyper-parameters of EB and SURE, and we find that they are both asymptotically normally distributed and have the same convergence rate, but the influence of the ill-conditioned regression matrix on the scale factor are different. In particular, for the ridge regression case, we show that the optimal hyper-parameter of SURE converges slower than that of EB with a factor of 1/n2, as cond(ΦTΦ) goes to ∞, where n is the FIR model order. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cost functions

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Effects of mn substitution on magnetic properties of zno nanoparticles

Effects of mn substitution on magnetic properties of zno nan...

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International Conference on Magnetism and Its Application, ICMIA 2019

作者： Asih, Retno Dhari, Rosana Martina Baqiya, Malik Anjelh Astuti, Fahmi Harsono, Heru Saiyasombat, Chatree Kawamata, Takayuki Noji, Takashi Sato, Hidetaka Kato, Masatsune Watanabe, Isao Darminto Department of Physics Faculty of Science Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya60111 Indonesia Meson Science Laboratory RIKEN Nishina Center Wako351-0198 Japan Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science University of Brawijaya Malang65145 Indonesia Synchroton Light Research Institute 111 University Avenue Muang District Nakhon Ratchasima3000 Thailand Department of Applied Physics Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai980-8579 Japan Center of Excellence in Automotive Control and System Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya60111 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9783035717044

Effects of Mn-substitution on magnetic properties of Zn1-xMnxO (MZO) nanoparticles with x= 0.00, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07 have been investigated along with their local structure. The study on Mn K-edge XANES spectra of MZO reveals that the oxidation state increases by the Mn-substitution, which further implies that MZO exhibits a mixed valence state of Mn3+/Mn4+. The local structure analysis on Mn K-edge EXAFS spectra shows that the coordination number (CN) of Mn reduces by increasing Mn concentration, thus the amount of oxygen vacancy (VO) increases by the Mn-substitution. Interestingly, the magnetization of MZO also tend to increase as the Mn concentration increases. The M(H) curves exhibit linear (paramagnetic) behavior, showing no evidence of room-temperature ferromagnetism. Our results show that the magnetism of MZO is related to the correlation between the Mn magnetic moment and VO. © 2020 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

关键词： Oxygen vacancies

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Foliar Cadmium Uptake, Transfer, and Redistribution in Chili: A Comparison of Foliar and Root Uptake, Metabolomic, and Contribution

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Ouyang, Xiaoxue Ma, Jie Liu, Yong Li, Pan Wei, Rongfei Chen, Qiusheng Weng, Liping Chen, Yali Li, Yongtao Agro-Environmental Protection Institute Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Tianjin300191 China Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Product Quality Safety Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Tianjin300191 China Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences Tianjin300192 China School of Earth System Science Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Department of Soil Quality Wageningen University Wageningen Netherlands College of Natural Resources and Environment South China Agricultural University Guangzhou510642 China College of Resource and Environmental Engineering Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Jiangxi Ganzhou341000 China

Atmospheric deposition is an essential cadmium (Cd) pollution source in agricultural ecosystems, entering crops via roots and leaves. In this study, atmospherically deposited Cd was simulated using cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CdSN), and chili (Capsicum frutescens L.) was used to conduct a comparative foliar and root experiment. Root and foliar uptake significantly increased the Cd content of chili tissues and subcellular. Scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry showed that Cd that entered the leaves via stomata was fixed in leaf cells, and the rest was mainly through phloem transport to the other organs. In leaf, stem, and root cell walls, Cd signal intensities were 47.4%, 72.2%, and 90.0%, respectively. Foliar Cd uptake significantly downregulated purine metabolism in leaves, whereas root uptake of Cd inhibited stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid, and gingerol biosynthesis in roots. Root uptake contributed 94% Cd in fruits under simultaneous root and foliar uptake conditions attributed to xylem and phloem involvement in Cd translocation. Moreover, root uptake had a significant effect on tissue enzyme activity and fruit metabolic pathways than foliar uptake. These findings facilitate understanding of the absorption and accumulation of atmospheric Cd within plants, which is critical for choosing pollution control technologies and ensuring food security. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sulfur compounds

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Localization and Surface Characterization by Zhurong Mars Rover at Utopia Planitia

Research Square

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research Square 2021年

作者： Ding, Liang Zhou, Ruyi Yu, Tianyi Gao, Haibo Yang, Huaiguang Li, Jian Yuan, Ye Liu, Chuankai Wang, Jia Zhao, Yuyan Wang, Zhengyin Wang, Xiyu Bao, Gang Deng, Zongquan Huang, Lan Li, Nan Cui, Xiaofeng He, Ximing Jia, Yang Yuan, Baofeng Liu, Guangjun Zhang, Hui Zhao, Rui Zhang, Zuoyu Cheng, Ziqing Wu, Fan Xu, Qian Lu, Hao Richter, Lutz Liu, Zhen Niu, Fuliang Qi, Huanan Li, Shu Feng, Wenhao Yang, Chaojie Chen, Baichao Dang, Zhaolong Zhang, Mingming Li, Lichun Wang, Xiaoxue Huang, Zhao Zhang, Jitao Xing, Hongjun Wang, Guanyu Niu, Lizhou Xu, Peng Wan, Wenhui Di, Kaichang State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150080 China Beijing Aerospace Control Center Beijing100094 China Center for Lunar and Planetary Sciences Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Science Guiyang550081 China CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology Hefei230026 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering Beijing100094 China Department of Aerospace Engineering Ryerson University TorontoONM5B 2K3 Canada Hauptstrasse 1e Eching Germany State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China

China’s first Mars rover, Zhurong, has successfully touched down on the southern Utopia Planitia of Mars at 109.925° E, 25.066° N, and since performed cooperative multiscale investigations with the Tianwen-1 orbiter. Here we present primary localization and surface characterization results based on complementary data of the first 60 sols. The Zhurong rover has traversed 450.9 m southwards over a flat surface with mild wheel slippage (less than 0.2 in slip ratio). The encountered crescent-shaped sand dune indicates a NE-SW local wind direction, consistent with larger-range remote-sensing observations. Soil parameter analysis based on terramechanics indicates that the topsoil has high bearing strength and cohesion, and its equivalent stiffness and internal friction angle are ~1390-5872 kPa∙m-n and ~21°-34° respectively. Rocks observed strewn with dense pits, or showing layered and flaky structures, are presumed to be involved in physical weathering like severe wind erosion and potential chemical weathering processes. These preliminary observations suggest great potential of in-situ investigations by the scientific payload suite of the Zhurong rover in obtaining new clues of the region’s aeolian and aqueous history. Cooperative investigations using the related payloads on both the rover and the obiter could peek into the habitability evolution of the northern lowlands on Mars. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Sols

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Development and test research of 10kv DC circuit breaker based on the principle of coupled negative voltage

Development and test research of 10kv DC circuit breaker bas...

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The 16th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission (ACDC 2020)

作者： W. Li B. Liu F. Xiao H. Wang Y. Wang W. Xie Z. Yu Shandong Taikai High-Voltage Switchgear Co. Ltd. Tai’an China China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing China Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power System and Generation Equipment (Department of Electrical Engineering Beijing China

With the increase of multi-terminal flexible DC distribution network projects, medium-voltage DC circuit breaker, as the key equipment to remove DC short-circuit fault, plays a key role in the operation reliability of the whole DC distribution network. In order to meet the engineering needs of DC distribution network, a 10kV hybrid DC circuit breaker based on the coupling negative voltage principle is developed in this paper. Firstly, the topology and working principle of the DC circuit breaker are introduced. Furthermore, the design scheme of key components including fast mechanical switch, power electronic switch and coupling negative voltage device is given. Finally, a 10kV hybrid DC circuit breaker prototype is developed and tested. The results show that the 10kV hybrid DC circuit breaker can break 15kA short circuit current within 2ms, and has the characteristics of low loss and high reliability.

关键词： circuit breakers short-circuit currents DC distribution systems power distribution faults power distribution reliability

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Sources of atmospheric glyoxal and methylglyoxal in Beijing and its impact on wintertime secondary organic aerosol formation

Sources of atmospheric glyoxal and methylglyoxal in Beijing ...

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第二十四届大气污染防治技术研讨会

作者： Xionghui Qiu Shuxiao Wang Qi Ying Lei Duan Jia Xing Jingyuan Cao Di Wu Xiaoxiao Li Chengzhi Xing Xiao Yan Cheng Liu Jiming Hao MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization College of Environmental Science and Engineering North China Electric Power University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Zachry Department of Civil Engineering Texas A&M University College Station School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation University of Science and Technology of China

Atmospheric glyoxal(GLY) and methylglyoxal(MGLY) are key precursors of secondary organic aerosol(SOA). However, anthropogenic emissions of GLY and MGLY and their contribution to surface GLY and MGLY concentrations, as well as the secondary organic aerosol(SOA) formation, are not well quantified. By developing an emission inventory of anthropogenic GLY and MGLY and improving Community Multiscale Air Quality Model(CMAQ) with SOA formation from irreversible surface uptake of GLY and MGLY, as well as a precursor-origin resolved technique, we quantified the source contributions of GLY and MGLY and their impact on wintertime SOA formation in Beijing, China. The total emissions of GLY and MGLY in Beijing in 2017 are 1.1×10～4 kmol and 7.0×10～3 kmol, respectively. Anthropogenic primary emissions are found to be the dominant contributor to GLY and MGLY concentrations(～74% for GLY and ～63% for MGLY). Anthropogenic primary emissions of GLY and MGLY contributes to 30% of GLY/MGLY SOA daily average concentration and accounts for up to 45% of nighttime GLY/MGLY SOA. The study suggests that the anthropogenic GLY and MGLY emissions, mainly from gasoline vehicles and cooking, are important for SOA formation and shall be strictly controlled in Chinese megacities.

关键词： SOA Sources of atmospheric glyoxal and methylglyoxal in Beijing and its impact on wintertime secondary organic aerosol formation

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Detection of toluene at ppb levels using Au catalyst supported on Al-doped ZnO

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Journal of Environmental Chemical engineering 2025年第4期13卷

作者： Jiali Hong Keyu Chen Kaiping Yuan Mingyue Lin Qi Cao Jialong Lin XinLin Wang Xiaoqian Bai Tamao Ishida Toru Murayama Guangli Xiu State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants School of Resources and Environmental Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 PR China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092 PR China Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Frontier Institute of Chip and System State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education School of Energy and Environment Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (ReCAP) Osaka Metropolitan University 3-3-138 Sugimoto Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka 558-8585 Japan Institute for Catalysis Hokkaido University Kita21 Nishi10 Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan

Toluene, a carcinogen widely used in industrial production, necessitates precise detection for environmental and human safety. The semiconductor gas sensor is an efficient and portable test instrument, but most semiconductor gas sensors face the challenge of high detection limit and low sensitivity when detecting trace levels of toluene. Herein, aluminum-doped zinc oxide supported gold nanoparticles (Au/ZnO-Al) material with a small Au nanoparticle size ( d  = 2.80 ± 0.70 nm) was prepared by the deposition precipitation method. Au/ZnO-Al sensor can detect ppb-level toluene with a low detection limit of 1.1 parts per billion (ppb). Additionally, Au/ZnO-Al sensor also shows high response value of 18.3 and excellent selectivity towards 5 parts per million (ppm) toluene at 275 ℃. Meanwhile, Au/ZnO-Al sensor exhibits excellent reproducibility with no significant change in the resistance over five consecutive cycles of the same concentration of 3 ppm and 500 ppb toluene. The developed Au/ZnO-Al sensor can improve the performance of toluene mainly ascribed to the perimeter interface between Au nanoparticles and ZnO as well as the formation of Schottky junction. Furthermore, the co-effect of Au deposition and Al doping significantly increases the amount of adsorbed oxygen, which is beneficial for enhancing the sensing response. Hence, the Au/ZnO-Al sensor has great potential in detecting trace toluene for human safety.

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Redesigning electrification of China’s ammonia and methanol industry to balance decarbonization with power system security

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Nature Energy 2025年 1-12页

作者： Jiarong Li Jin Lin Sirui Wu Zhipeng Yu Chris P. Nielsen Michael B. McElroy Jianxiao Wang Jie Song Xi Lu Yonghua Song Xuefeng Lyu Mingkai Yu Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China Harvard-China Project on Energy Economy and Environment Harvard University Cambridge MA USA State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Tsinghua University Beijing China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analysis and Applications Peking University Beijing China Department of Industrial Engineering and Management College of Engineering Peking University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Sustainability School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing China Institute for Carbon Neutrality Tsinghua University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City University of Macau Macau China School of Nuclear Science and Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing China China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing China

Electrification represents a critical pathway to decarbonize the ammonia and methanol industries by reducing fossil fuel reliance. However, a greater understanding is needed of how the spatio-temporal mismatch between renewable generation and chemical load patterns may impact on power system emissions and security. Here we assess different electrification pathways across 22 Chinese provinces from 2020 to 2050. Using 2020 data, we show that reliance on grid electricity offsets CO2reductions by increasing power system emissions, raising national emissions by 1%. Integrating co-located renewables without self-balancing flexibility exacerbates power system security risks, potentially increasing balancing requirements by 9%. To address this challenge, we propose the ‘Green Flexible Chemical Electrification’ pathway, transitioning from requirements for stringent co-located renewables to rigid temporal self flexibility. By 2030, Green Flexible Chemical Electrification demonstrates cost competitiveness nationwide, with green ammonia potentially generating 2 billion RMB in profit. Additionally, redesigning electricity pricing to incentivize chemical-side demand management further enhances power–chemical synergies.

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