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Enhancing Multiclass Pneumonia Classification with Machine Learning and Textural Features

Machine Graphics and Vision 2023年第3-4期32卷 83-106页

作者： Godbin, A. Beena Jasmine, S. Graceline School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai India

The highly infectious and mutating COVID-19, known as the novel coronavirus, poses a substantial threat to both human health and the global economy. Detecting COVID-19 early presents a challenge due to its resemblance to pneumonia. However, distinguishing between the two is critical for saving lives. Chest X-rays, empowered by machine learning classifiers and ensembles, prove effective in identifying multiclass pneumonia in the lungs, leveraging textural characteristics such as GLCM and GLRLM. These textural features are instilled into the classifiers and ensembles within the domain of machine learning. This article explores the multiclass categorization of X-ray images across four categories: COVID-19-impacted, bacterial pneumonia-affected, viral pneumonia-affected, and normal lungs. The classification employs Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbor, LGBM, and XGBoost. Random Forest and LGBM achieve an impressive accuracy of 92.4% in identifying GLCM features. The network’s performance is evaluated based on accuracy, precision, sensitivity and F1-score. © 2023 institute of Information Technology, Warsaw University of Life sciences - SGGW. All rights reserved.

关键词： COVID-19

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iLIAC: An approach of identifying dissimilar groups on unstructured numerical image dataset using improved agglomerative clustering technique

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第39期83卷 86359-86381页

作者： S, Sreedhar Kumar Ahmed, Syed Thouheed Fathima, Afifa Salsabil Mathivanan, Sandeep Kumar Jayagopal, Prabhu Saif, Abdu Gupta, Sachin Kumar Sinha, Garima Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Technology CMR University Karnataka Bengaluru India Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Telangana Kandi India School of Computer Science and Engineering REVA University Bangalore India School of Computer Science and Engineering Galgotias University Uttar Pradesh Greater Noida203201 India School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore632014 India Department of Communication and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and IT Taiz University Taiz Yemen Katra India Department of Computer Science Engineering Jain University Bangalore India

Unstructured Numerical Image Dataset Separation (UNIDS) method employing an enhanced unsupervised clustering technique. The objective is to delineate an optimal number of distinct groups within the input grayscale (G-S) image content, utilizing the improved limited iteration agglomerative clustering (iLIAC) clustering technique for the separation and enhancement of picture elements. The UNIDS method is structured into two primary stages: partitioning and validation. In the partitioning stage, the UNIDS method identifies an appropriate number of discrete clusters within the grayscale image using the iLIAC technique, eliminating the need for predetermined procedures. Subsequently, the method evaluates the similarity and deviation among data elements within the same group in the resultant image dataset. Additionally, it assesses the proximity and inters severance among clusters in the outcome of the image dataset through the partitioning process. Empirical results indicate that the UNIDS system excels in the spontaneous identification of an optimal number of discrete clusters within the input G-S image. The system demonstrates superior thickness, reduced deviation among data elements within the same cluster, increased inter-separation, and diminished inter-closeness between cluster elements. Furthermore, empirical analysis establishes the superior performance of the UNIDS approach compared to existing clustering techniques. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Iterative methods

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An improved evaporation rate water cycle algorithm for energy-efficient routing protocol in WSNs

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2023年第1期16卷 30-45页

作者： Vimala Dayalan Manikandan Kuppusamy School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyVelloreIndia

Purpose-The paper aims to introduce an efficient routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks(WSNs).It proposes an improved evaporation rate water cycle(improved ER-WC)algorithm and outlining the systems performance in improving the energy efficiency of *** proposed technique mainly analyzes the clustering problem of WSNs when huge tasks are ***/methodology/approach-This proposed improved ER-WC algorithm is used for analyzing various factors such as network cluster-head(CH)energy,CH location and CH density in improved *** proposed study will solve the energy efficiency and improve network throughput in ***-This proposed work provides optimal clustering method for Fuzzy C-means(FCM)where efficiency is improved in *** evaluations are conducted to find network lifespan,network throughput,total network residual energy and network *** limitations/implications-The proposed improved ER-WC algorithm has some implications when different energy levels of node are used in *** implications-This research work analyzes the nodes’energy and throughput by selecting correct CHs in intra-cluster *** can possibly analyze the factors such as CH location,network CH energy and CH ***/value-This proposed research work proves to be performing better for improving the network throughput and increases energy efficiency for WSNs.

关键词： WSNs Improved ER-WCA Energy efficiency Routing protocol PCM Fuzzy C-Means Paper type Research paper

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Advanced functional connectivity analysis with integrated EEG signal enhancement and GTW-EEG-GAN for emotion detection

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International Journal of computers and Applications 2024年第12期46卷 1152-1165页

作者： Babu, Nirmal Varghese Kanaga, E. Grace Mary Division of Computer Science and Engineering School of Computer Science and Technology Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India Division of Data Science and Cyber Security School of Computer Science and Technology Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India

Emotion recognition is crucial in human-computer interaction and psychological research, utilizing modalities such as facial expressions, voice intonations, and EEG signals. This research investigates AI-driven techniques by employing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) on functional connectivity matrices derived from EEG data to advance emotion recognition. Our approach integrates sophisticated preprocessing methods, including Integrated EEG Signal Enhancement (IESE) and novel augmentation techniques such as Gaussian Time Warping Generative Adversarial Network (GTW-EEG-GAN). This integration aims at enhancing data quality and diversity. Signal decomposition using EMD-Wavelet Hybrid Decomposition further refines feature extraction, enabling robust analysis of EEG signals. Functional connectivity metrics capture critical neural interactions intended for precise emotion characterization. The GNN architecture effectively processes these features, achieving significant accuracy improvements. Evaluations on the DEAP dataset demonstrate promising results, attaining 94.5% accuracy before hyperparameter tuning and further improving to 98.6% after tuning, highlighting the system's efficacy. The methodology showcases the integration of advanced signal processing techniques with AI, offering a comprehensive framework for future studies. The findings advocate potential applications in areas such as personalized mental health monitoring, adaptive learning environments, and responsive gaming experiences, demonstrating the broad impact and versatility of AI-driven EEG-based emotion recognition. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Emotion Recognition

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COVINet: A hybrid model for classification of COVID and Non-COVID pneumonia in CT and X-Ray imagery

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International Journal of Cognitive Computing in engineering 2023年第1期4卷 149-159页

作者： Mittal, Vasu Kumar, Akhil School of Computer Science & Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai India

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a significant increase in the number of pneumonia cases, including those caused by the Coronavirus. To detect COVID pneumonia, RT-PCR is used as the primary detection tool for COVID-19 pneumonia but chest imaging, including CT scans and X-Ray imagery, can also be used as a secondary important tool for the diagnosis of pneumonia, including COVID pneumonia. However, the interpretation of chest imaging in COVID-19 pneumonia can be challenging, as the signs of the disease on imaging may be subtle and may overlap with normal pneumonia. In this paper, we propose a hybrid model with the name COVINet which uses ResNet-101 as the feature extractor and classical K-Nearest Neighbors as the classifier that led us to give automated results for detecting COVID pneumonia in X-Rays and CT imagery. The proposed hybrid model achieved a classification accuracy of 98.6%. The model's precision, recall, and F1-Score values were also impressive, ranging from 98-99%. To back and support the proposed model, several CNN-based feature extractors and classical machine learning classifiers have been exploited. The outcome with exploited combinations suggests that our model can significantly enhance the accuracy and precision of detecting COVID-19 pneumonia on chest imaging, and this holds the potential of being a valuable resource for early identification and diagnosis of the illness by radiologists and medical practitioners. © 2023

关键词： COVID-19

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A Study on the Impact of Sentiment Analysis on Stock Market Prediction

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Recent Advances in computer science and Communications 2023年第1期16卷 73-93页

作者： Dhanasekaren, Kiran Aluri, Sri Teja Karthikeyan, Neeraj Baskaran, Saravanan Hari Selvanambi, Ramani School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India

Background: Investors estimate how a company's stock or financial instrument will perform in the future, which is known as the stock market prediction. Stock markets are one of the many industries that have benefited substantially from the incredible breakthroughs in machine learning. To effectively estimate these markets, many researchers and companies are continually researching and developing various state-of-the-art approaches and algorithms. Objective: The objective is to predict stock prices based on public sentiments. With a big collection of data from microblogging sites like Twitter, it is possible to analyse the thoughts or feelings of users on a wide scale. These sentiments play a major part in the way the stock market works. We review multiple papers and provide the advantages and disadvantages of various methods. Methods: An in-depth examination of the most recent methodologies for predicting stock market values using sentiment analysis is offered, as well as the multiple consequences for stock markets when epidemics or major events occur. Results: According to the findings, impact sentiment analysis has a significant part in predicting stock market price movement, allowing for greater profit. Conclusion: With modern machine learning and deep learning processes, we can forecast stock costs with a few degrees of precision. This research examines how stock expectations have changed over time, as well as the most recent and effective technique for forecasting, supplying, and minimizing speculators' losses. © 2023 Bentham science Publishers.

关键词： Sentiment analysis

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Retrieval of Interactive Requirements of Data Intensive Applications using Random Forest Classifier

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Informatica (Slovenia) 2023年第9期47卷 35-50页

作者： Raymond, Renita Anouncia, S. Margret School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India

Classifying requirements in data-intensive systems based on their interactions can assist the requirements engineering process in becoming more systematic and transparent, resulting in higher requirement compliance and software project completion. However, understanding the requirements centred on interactions with the system is particularly tough due to the increased complexity of big data. In most cases, awareness of interaction-based requirements is critical in moving forward with prediction and decision-making. As a result, the classification of interactive requirements plays a critical role in removing the difficulties from unclear requirements. Various approaches to effective requirement classification are being devised. However, due to inadequate requirement management reflecting the fast-changing organizational change, classification accuracy does not achieve its maximum potential. The best approach for reducing misclassification rate and retrieving interactive requirements for data-intensive systems would be to use Word Embedding and Random Forest Classifier retrieval mechanism, as none of the studies to date have emphasized it. It also assessed the impact by comparing the results to metrics derived from the Random Forest classifier's training on word count characteristics. The data set used to experiment with the classification, particularly for interaction-based needs, is unique to our work and has not been covered by any other studies to date. The researchers will benefit from this study as they will better understand the requirement classification process. With an F1 score of 0.91, precision of 0.89, and recall of 0.93, statistical analysis showed that Word Embedding followed by Random Forest Classifier produced a relatively high classification result to differentiate interactive requirements for data-intensive systems. © 2023 Slovene Society Informatika. All rights reserved.

关键词： Classification (of information)

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MFR-CNN: A modified faster R-CNN approach based on bounding box and reliable score for cloth image retrieval

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-29页

作者： Kaur, Navneet Pandey, Shreelekha Kalra, Nidhi Department of Computer Science and Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering & ampTechnology Punjab Patiala147004 India School of Computer Science and Engineering RV University South Karnataka Bangalore560059 India

Today, machine learning is used in a broad variety of applications. Convolution neural networks (CNN), in particular, are widely used to analyze visual data. The fashion industry is catching up to the growing usage of machine learning in a variety of fields throughout the world. The proposed model named MFR-CNN, which is a modified Faster R-CNN approach, has been presented in this manuscript. The effectiveness of an algorithm is validated on cloth attributes by established datasets such as the Deep Fashion dataset and the Fashion Landmark dataset, alongside a new dataset created for the same manually. The proposed model detects clothes using bounding boxes and further classifies them. Apart from this, retrieval functionality has also been added. The effectiveness of the proposed model is evident through the learning rate analysis done for the modules present in the same. On the metrics of accuracy, execution time, and total loss, the model proposed here is contrast with existing techniques named R-CNN, Fast R-CNN, and Faster R-CNN. It is found that MFR-CNN is 50% more accurate in contrast to R-CNN. Also, the accuracy of MFR-CNN is 30% and 7% more accurate than the Fast R-CNN and Faster R-CNN, respectively. Moreover, MFR-CNN is quite effective in contrast to other approaches as it takes less time for execution. It consumes 33 seconds less in contrast to R-CNN. Also, the time taken by the MFR-CNN is 17 seconds and 3 seconds less in comparison to Fast R-CNN and Faster R-CNN, respectively. From the experimental results it is being inferred that the MFR-CNN approach for detecting and classifying clothes is both efficient and effective. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Image retrieval

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Conditional adversarial segmentation and deep learning approach for skin lesion sub-typing from dermoscopic images

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第26期36卷 16445-16463页

作者： Mirunalini, P. Desingu, Karthik Aswatha, S. Deepika, R. Deepika, V. Jaisakthi, S.M. Department of Computer Science Engineering Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering Chennai603110 India School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai Campus Chennai600127 India

Automatic skin lesion subtyping is a crucial step for diagnosing and treating skin cancer and acts as a first level diagnostic aid for medical experts. Although, in general, deep learning is very effective in image processing tasks, there are notable areas of the processing pipeline in the dermoscopic image regime that can benefit from refinement. Our work identifies two such areas for improvement. First, most benchmark dermoscopic datasets for skin cancers and lesions are highly imbalanced due to the relative rarity and commonality in the occurrence of specific lesion types. Deep learning methods tend to exhibit biased performance in favor of the majority classes with such datasets, leading to poor generalization. Second, dermoscopic images can be associated with irrelevant information in the form of skin color, hair, veins, etc.;hence, limiting the information available to a neural network by retaining only relevant portions of an input image has been successful in prompting the network towards learning task-relevant features and thereby improving its performance. Hence, this research work augments the skin lesion characterization pipeline in the following ways. First, it balances the dataset to overcome sample size biases. Two balancing methods, synthetic minority oversampling TEchnique (SMOTE) and Reweighting, are applied, compared, and analyzed. Second, a lesion segmentation stage is introduced before classification, in addition to a preprocessing stage, to retain only the region of interest. A baseline segmentation approach based on Bi-Directional ConvLSTM U-Net is improved using conditional adversarial training for enhanced segmentation performance. Finally, the classification stage is implemented using EfficientNets, where the B2 variant is used to benchmark and choose between the balancing and segmentation techniques, and the architecture is then scaled through to B7 to analyze the performance boost in lesion classification. From these experiments, we find

关键词： Pipelines

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Design and In Situ Additive Manufacturing of Multifunctional Structures

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engineering 2023年第9期28卷 58-68页

作者： Yan Zhang Guangyu Zhang Jing Qiao Longqiu Li State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

Multifunctional structures(MFSs)integrate diverse functions to achieve superior ***,conventional design and manufacturing methods—which generally lack quality control and largely depend on complex equipment with multiple stations to achieve the integration of distinct materials and devices—are unable to satisfy the requirements of MFS applications in emerging industries such as aerospace *** by the concept of design for manufacturing,we adopt a layer regulation method with an established optimization model to design typical MFSs with load-bearing,electric,heat-conduction,and radiation-shielding functions.A high-temperature in situ additive manufacturing(AM)technology is developed to print various metallic wires or carbon fiber-reinforced high-meltingpoint polyetheretherketone(PEEK)*** is found that the MFS,despite its low mass,exceeds the stiffness of the PEEK substrate by 21.5%.The embedded electrics remain functional after the elastic deformation *** with those of the PEEK substrate,the equivalent thermal conductivity of the MFS beneath the central heat source area is enhanced by 568.0%,and the radiation shielding is improved by 27.9%.Moreover,a satellite prototype with diverse MFSs is rapidly constructed as an *** work provides a systematic approach for high-performance design and advanced manufacturing,which exhibits considerable prospects for both the function expansion and performance enhancement of industrial equipment.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Multifunctional structure Optimal design Satellite Polyetheretherketone

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