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Development and Application of DC Partial Discharge Test System

高电压技术 2013年第8期39卷 1981-1987页

作者： NIE Dexin SHA Yanchao ZHOU Yuanxiang WU Zhirong DENG Jiangang State Grid Electric Power Research Institute Wuhan 430074 China State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipments Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Direct current (DC) partial discharge (PD) test has drawn extensive attention from world-wide electric power research institutes in recent years. However, presently, no DC PD detection device on the market has the statistical function. Thus, we developed a test system for PD detection under DC voltage, which is characterized by strong anti-jamming capability, continuous high-speed real-time data acquisi- tion and effective, complete detection of DC PD signals. The DC PD mechanism, as well as the measuring principles, software system, and hardware design of the test equipment were introduced. Adopting typical electrode pairs, we tested the statistical spectrum of PD under DC voltage. The main difference in statistical spectrums between parallel plate electrodes and needle-plate electrodes was that the time interval between two consecutive discharges for needle-plate electrodes has obviously larger variation range than that for parallel plate electrodes, which could be the convincing proof for distinguishing the type of electrodes under DC PD. Practical results indicate that the proposed sys- tem can measure time domain signals of DC PD of oil-paper insulation effectively and promptly, and it can be used to determine and detect defects in DC power transmission equipment.

关键词：局部放电信号直流电压测试系统开发针板电极应用检测装置实时数据采集

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Surface Partial Discharge Characteristics of Oil-paper Insulation Under Combined AC-DC Voltage

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高电压技术 2013年第8期39卷 1902-1910页

作者： SHA Yanchao ZHOU Yuanxiang NIE Dexin WU Zhirong DENG Jiangang LU Licheng State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipments Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Department of Electrical Engineering State Grid Electric Power Research Institute Wuhan 467001 China State Grid Corporation of China Beijing 100031 China

The valve side windings of converter transformers bear AC, DC, impulse, and reversal-polarity voltages during operation, which could result in serious insulation problems of the equipment. By performing experiments with surface discharge model of oil-paper insula- tion at 80 ℃ under combined AC-DC voltage for 200 h, we studied the spectrums and statistical parameters of partial discharges at different discharge stages. Furthermore, some fingerprint parameters were calculated in order to estimate the development situation of par- tial discharge, while the characteristic gases dissolved in the transformer oil were measured by gas chromatography. The surface discharges in the experiments were observed using a high speed camera, and a full discharge process could be marked off into four stages as follows. ①The elementary stage. When a partial discharge occurs near electrodes, electrical charges are injected into the region near electrodes and causing bubble generation. ②Due to their high resistivity and low dielectric constant, the bubbles would bare the major part of the voltage applied to samples. Therefore, discharge happens inside the small bubbles, and it emits a lot of light. ③Micromolecules of gas are produced in discharge, and further ionization in the transformer oil takes place simultaneously when high-energy electrons collide with oil molecules. ④The carrier charge moves forward to electrodes driven by the applied electric field, till they neutralize with the charge from electrodes, and hence discharge channels are formed subsequently.

关键词： AC-DC 放电特性绝缘表面电压油纸油中溶解气体换流变压器合作

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Numerical Analysis of Space Charge Characteristics in Low-density Polyethylene Nanocomposite Under External DC Electric Field

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高电压技术 2013年第8期39卷 1813-1820页

作者： ZHOU Yuanxiang ZHANG Ling SHA Yanchao TIAN Jihuan State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power System and Generation Equipments Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China ABB Corporate Research Center Beijing 100015 China

The dynamic characteristics of space charge in nanocomposite of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) mixed with inorganic nano- fillers. Different from previous qualitatively theoretical works, we investigated the influence of trap depth, trap volume charge density and injection barrier height on the space charge and the electric field distribution in the nanocomposite under a DC external electric field (100 MV/m) systematically and quantificationally, through numerical simulations based on a bipolar charge transport model. The simulation re- sults showed that, the increase of trap depth would severely distort the balanced electric field distribution with the highest and the lowest electric field of 119 MV/m and 47 MV/m, respectively. It is concluded that the introduction of nanofillers creates more deep traps, which would block space charges by capturing most of them in the vicinity of electrode and hence reduce the local electric field largely. Further theoretical analysis of the simulation indicates that both the high permittivity and the low local electric field of the nanocomposite contri- buted to the increase of injection barrier height, and almost no charge could overcome an injection barrier higher than 1.25 eV. At last, a mechanism of space charge suppression in the LDPE nanocomposite was presented.

关键词：纳米复合材料低密度聚乙烯直流电场空间电荷电荷特性数值分析无机纳米填料陷阱深度

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A large-scale reactive power optimization method based on gaussian penalty function with discrete control variables

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Zhongguo Dianji Gongcheng Xuebao/Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering 2013年第4期33卷 68-76页

作者： Li, Zhigang Wu, Wenchuan Zhang, Boming Guo, Qinglai State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipments Dept. of Electrical Engineering Haidian District Beijing 100084 China

Reactive power optimization with discrete control variables can be formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem, which is a typical NP-hard problem in mathematics. This paper proposed a Gaussian penalty function based approach to handle discrete variables, in which the discrete variables were relaxed to continuous variables. The properties of the optimization model with Gaussian penalty function, as well as how it could be affected by parameters, were discussed. Then a practical algorithm combining nonlinear interior point method and a heuristic parameters tuning strategy was developed to solve the optimization problem. Finally, numerical experiments were taken on different systems, including IEEE standard systems and several real power systems with varying scales, to verify the robustness and practicability of the proposed method. © 2013 Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering.

关键词： IEEE Standards

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Automatic voltage control for ultra-high voltage AC neighboring grids

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Dianli Xitong Zidonghua/Automation of Electric power systems 2013年第21期37卷 99-105页

作者： Wang, Bin Guo, Qinglai Sun, Hongbin Tang, Lei Zhang, Boming Wu, Wenchuan Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipments Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

The connection of ultra-high voltage (UHV) transmission line has brought a challenge to the voltage operation and control of its neighboring power system. Facing engineering practice, this paper proposes an automatic voltage control (AVC) method for the UHV neighboring grids. The reactive voltage operation and control characteristics of UHV neighboring grids are analyzed, including the tremendous impact of UHV active power flow change on the bus voltage in UHV neighboring grids, the large voltage fluctuation, and the tight coupling among power plants and substations, etc. The smart voltage optimal control technology is proposed and implemented by taking into consideration these characteristics and the coordinated control among tightly coupled power plants and substations in the UHV neighboring grids. This method can reduce the irrational reactive power flow and bypass the unnecessary discrete device action, while ensuring voltage security. The proposed method is put into closed-loop field operation in China for its validated efficiency and practicability. ©2013 state Grid Electric power Research Institute Press.

关键词： Smart power grids

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Analysis of Excitation Characteristics of Ultra High Frequency Electromagnetic Waves Induced by PD in GIS

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高电压技术 2013年第8期39卷 1893-1901页

作者： DING Dengwei GAO Wensheng YAO Senjing LIU Weidong HE Jiaxi Sichuan Electric Power Research Institute Chengdu 610072 China State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipments Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Shenzhen Power Supply Co. Ltd Shenzhen 518001 China

The understanding of the excitation mechanism of ultra high frequency (UHF) electromagnetic waves (EW) is essential for ap- plying UHF method to partial discharge (PD) detection. Since the EW induced by PD in gas insulated switchgear (GIS) contains not only transverse electromagnetic (TEM) wave, but also high-order transverse electric (TE) and high-order transverse magnetic (TM) waves, we analyzed the proportions between the TEM wave and the high order waves, as well as the influence of the PD position on this proportion, using the finite different time domain (FDTD) method. According to the unique characteristics of the waves, they are separated only ap- proximately. It is found that the high-order mode is the main component, more than 70%, of the electric field around the enclosure of GIS, and that with the increasing distance between PD source and inner conductors, the low frequency ( below about 800 MHz) component of EW decreases, but the high frequency component (above 1 GHz) increases, meanwhile the proportion of high-order components in EW could reach 77% from 70%. It concluded that the closer the PD source to the enclosure is, the easier high order EW may be excited.

关键词：超高频电磁波励磁特性 GIS PD 诱导气体绝缘开关设备 UHF方法 TEM波

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Fast evaluation of the lightning electromagnetic field in the time domain with an adaptive piecewise approximation of channel base current

Fast evaluation of the lightning electromagnetic field in th...

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作者： Lee, Jae-Bok Zou, Jun Li, Mo Chang, Sughun Electrical Environment Research Center Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute Changwon Korea Republic of State Key Lab. of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipments Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China

Purpose - A fast algorithm is proposed to calculate the lightning electromagnetic field over a perfectly conducting earth surface. Design/methodology/approach - The channel base current is approximated by a number of sub-domain quadratic functions using the proposed adaptive sampling technique, and the derivative and integral of the channel base current with respect to time can be analytically expressed. With the help of these approximations, the ideal electromagnetic field of the lightning channel can be evaluated along the lightning channel with respect to the height. Findings - The computational time can be greatly reduced using the proposed approach to evaluate the electromagnetic field of a lightning channel in the time domain. Originality/value - The adaptive sampling technique is a general-purposed approach, which can be potentially used in other applications to fit a function with the minimal number of intervals. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

关键词： Electromagnetic fields

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Calculation of surface electric field on UHV transmission lines under lightning stroke

Calculation of surface electric field on UHV transmission li...

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作者： Yu, Zhanqing Li, Qian Zeng, Rong He, Jinliang Zhang, Yong Li, Zhizhao Zhuang, Chijie Liao, Yongli State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipments Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Mathematical Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Electric Power Research Institute China Southern Power Grid Guangzhou China

Lightning is the major cause of interruptions in power transmission lines. Ultra-high voltage (UHV) AC transmission line has been put into operation in China. Due to the large tower height up to 90 m and the high operation voltage up to 1000 kV, the shielding failure probability increase obviously. Nowadays the leader progression model is an advanced method to evaluate the shielding failure probability of transmission lines. The surface electric field is the key issue for lightning failure analyzing, because the upward leader inception mainly depends on the surface electric field. In this paper, the lightning leader model is introduced. A charge simulation method based piecewise linear function is adopted to analyze the surface electric field on phase conductors and ground wires. The influence factors, such as operation voltage, lightning peak current, lightning down leader position, protection angle, on surface electric field were analyzed. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electric lines

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A non-iterative affine arithmetic methodology for interval power flow analysis of transmission network

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Zhongguo Dianji Gongcheng Xuebao/Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering 2013年第19期33卷 76-83页

作者： Ding, Tao Bo, Rui Guo, Qinglai Sun, Hongbin Wu, Wenchuan Zhang, Boming State Key Lab. of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Haidian District Beijing 100084 China Midwest ISO St. Paul 55108 United States

power flow exhibits uncertainty when power injections randomly fluctuate. The variables of power flow problem are correlated through the constraints set forth by power flow equations. Affine arithmetic can effectively overcome the correlation and therefore is adopted in this paper. In order to improve the computational efficiency, non-iterative method was proposed, which can transform the interval power flow problem into optimization problems. Linear programming, nonlinear programming and quadratic programming optimization models were established to obtain intervals of nodal voltage magnitude, phase angle, branch active power and reactive power, respectively. simulation results of 9-bus and 57-bus test system show that the power flow interval obtained by the proposed algorithm is nearly the same as that by iterative algorithms, whereas the branch power flow results are better. The interval power flow problem can be solved quickly and efficiently with time complexity approximately O(m3). As well, parallel computing can be implemented to achieve promising improvement in computation time. © 2013 Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering.

关键词： Quadratic programming

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Research on generation and execution of coordination strategy for bi-directional and interactive coordinated voltage control between provincial and district levels

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Dianwang Jishu/power System Technology 2013年第12期37卷 3426-3432页

作者： Wang, Bin Guo, Qinglai Sun, Hongbin Li, Haifeng Luo, Jianyu Zhang, Boming Wu, Wenchuan State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipments Dept. of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Haidian District Beijing 100084 China Jiangsu Electrical Power Dispatching and Control Center Nanjing 210024 Jiangsu Province China

To achieve the goal of bi-directional and interactive coordinated voltage control between provincial and district levels, the study is focused generation and execution of coordination strategy for bi-directional and interactive coordinated voltage control between provincial and district levels. Firstly, the method to generate the bi-directional and interactive coordination strategy between provincial and district levels is proposed, and the gateway coordination state transition diagram is designed to intuitionally express the criterion of the interaction between the AVC systems belonging to the upper and lower level systems respectively;then, the regularization method for expanded coordinated secondary voltage control suitable to provincial power network and the regularization method suitable to district power network are put forward respectively to realize mutual support between power networks in provincial level and district level. Results from simulation examples and on-site operations show that the proposed method is feasible and effective as well.

关键词： Electric power transmission networks

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