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Numerical Study of Multi-Factor Coupling Effects on Energy Conversion Performance of Nanofluidic Reverse Electrodialysis

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Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer 2025年第2期23卷 507-528页

作者： Hao Li Cunlu Zhao Jinhui Zhou Jun Zhang Hui Wang Yanmei Jiao Yugang Zhao School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China Key Laboratory of Unsteady Aerodynamics and Flow Control Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing210016China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti/De-icing China Aerodynamics Research and Development CenterMianyang621000China

Based on the rapid advancements in nanomaterials and nanotechnology,the Nanofluidic Reverse Electrodialysis(NRED)has attracted significant attention as an innovative and promising energy conversion strategy for extracting sustainable and clean energy fromthe salinity gradient ***,the scarcity of research investigating the intricate multi-factor coupling effects on the energy conversion performance,especially the trade-offs between ion selectivity and mass transfer in nanochannels,of NRED poses a great challenge to achieving breakthroughs in energy conversion *** numerical study innovatively investigates the multi-factor coupling effect of three critical operational factors,including the nanochannel configuration,the temperature field,and the concentration difference,on the energy conversion processes of *** this work,a dimensionless amplitude parameter s is introduced to emulate the randomly varied wall configuration of nanochannels that inherently occur in practical applications,thereby enhancing the realism and applicability of our *** results reveal that the application of a temperature gradient,which is oriented in opposition to the concentration gradient,enhances the ion transportation and selectivity simultaneously,leading to an enhancement in both output power and energy conversion ***,the increased fluctuation of the nanochannel wall from s=0 to s=0.08 improves ion selectivity yet raises ion transport resistance,resulting in an enhancement in output power and energy conversion efficiency but a slight reduction in ***,with increasing the concentration ratio cH/cL from 10 to 1000,either within a fixed temperature field or at a constant dimensionless amplitude,the maximumpower consistently attains its optimal value at a concentration ratio of 100 but the cation transfer number experiences amonotonic decrease across this entire range of concentration ***,uponmodifying the ope

关键词： Salinity gradient energy nanofluidic reverse electrodialysis energy conversion nanochannel configuration multi-factor coupling effect

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Flame mode transitions in outer recirculation zone of lean premixed prevaporized n-decane/air swirling flames

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Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 2025年 168卷

作者： Lin, Wenjun Zhang, Weijie Liu, Hongfang Gao, Zhihao Cai, Xiao Wang, Jinhua Huang, Zuohua State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center Mianyang621000 China

The outer recirculation zone (ORZ) flame modes and their transition were experimentally investigated in lean premixed prevaporized n-decane/air swirling flames. The flame structure and flow field were measured employing simultaneous CH2O/OH-PLIF and OH-PLIF/PIV laser diagnostics. The ORZ temperature was estimated with thermocouples. Three ORZ flame modes were identified: (1) mode II, characterized by extensive CH2O but nearly absent OH in the ORZ;(2) mode III, with flickering CH2O and OH in the ORZ;(3) mode IV, with flickering OH in the ORZ but nearly without CH2O. Besides, the mode I is defined as the inner shear layer (ISL) flame and mode V is the ISL/outer shear layer (OSL) flame. A theoretical diagram from mode I to V is achieved describing transition from the ISL to ISL/OSL flames. It is confirmed that the presence of CH2O in the ORZ results from the first-stage low-temperature autoignition, which is validated to be predictable with the ignition Damköhler number (Daig) after examining the fluid residence time and ignition delay time. It is found that the high-temperature ORZ flame indicated by the flickering OH radicals cannot be predicted merely using Daig. Instead, the increased flame speed and intensified ISL flame propagation into the ORZ due to the elevated equivalence ratio influence a lot, which can also be promoted by the shear layer vortices. These processes are expected to motivate the entrainment of hot burnt gas into the ORZ thus to form the high-temperature ORZ flame. The flickering ORZ flame is undesirable due to the potentially induced combustion instabilities, and this work can broaden its understanding and provide insights for its suppression. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Thermocouples

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Temperature dependence photoluminescence properties of ZnSe-based core-shell quantum dots

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Optics Express 2025年第11期33卷 22588-22597页

作者： Tingting Zhang Qing Ma Qingping Li Lanting Huang Yuqiong Feng Hongwei Duan Xinlei Chen Qinghua Li Xiao Jin Jinke Bai Bing Xu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Functional Materials and Devices School of Physics Science and Technology Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang Guangdong 524048 China School of Energy and Power Engineering / Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering Taiyuan University Taiyuan 030032 China baijinke526@*** xubing@***

Heavy metal-free ZnSe-based core-shell quantum dots (QDs) are promising emitting material for achieving violet-blue luminescence. Investigating the temperature-dependent variations in the photoluminescence (PL) properties of ZnSe-based QDs will enhance our understanding of the intrinsic factors that influence their diverse luminescence characteristics. Here we select the optimally synthesized ZnSe core QDs with three diameters (4.1, 5.2, and 8.3 nm) and ZnSe/ZnS core-shell QDs to study their temperature-dependent photoluminescence properties. As the sample temperature is increased, the PL intensity decreases, the emission energy redshifts, and the spectral become broader. We observe a reduction in the exciton- longitudinal optical (LO)-phonon coupling constant from 21.7 meV to 16.1 meV as the diameter of ZnSe core QDs increased from 4.1 nm to 8.3 nm. This decrease is associated with a narrower homogeneous broadening of the emission spectrum. Besides, the epitaxial growth of a ZnS wide bandgap shells onto the ZnSe core QDs can effectively isolate the photogenerated excitons away from the inorganic-organic interface, thus reducing the PL peak width and increasing the exciton binding energy of the QDs. Our research provides a valuable addition to the existing studies on the photoluminescence properties of ZnSe-based core-shell QDs.

关键词： Light sources Photoluminescence Photometry Quantum confinement Quantum dots Zinc selenide

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X-ray computed tomography (XCT) study of jetting in a fluidized bed: Effects of two-component fluidization

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Particuology 2025年 102卷 264-274页

作者： Zhong Xiang Xi Chen Shuguang Liu Theodore J. Heindel School of Energy and Environment Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China State Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Smart Coal-fired Power Generation and Ultra-clean Emission Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China Center for Multiphase Flow Research and Education and Department of Mechanical Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA

Fluidization of non-spherical particles is commonly found in the biomass and solid waste processing industry, and the jetting characteristic above the aeration plate is critical to the fluidization performance of these particles. In this study, cylindrical particles are used as typical non-spherical particles and co-fluidized with small bed material particles. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is used to reconstruct the 3D structure of the aeration plate region, allowing for the identification of individual aeration jets. The effects of jet velocity ( U j ), cylindrical particle mass fraction ( ω ), cylindrical particle density ( ρ i ), and the cylindrical particle sphericity ( ϕ ) on jet shape and volume are investigated. The experimental results indicate that decreasing the cylindrical particle mass fraction ( ω ) and particle density ( ρ i ) increases the jet length ( L ), maximum jet diameter ( D ), and maximum jet volume ( V ), but have little effect on the jet half angle ( θ ). The cylindrical particle density ( ρ i ) is the most sensitive factor for jet shape, while the effect of cylinder particle sphericity ( ϕ ) on jet shape is insignificant. A correlation of jet length ( L ) in a two-component fluidized bed with cylindrical particles and bed material is proposed based on all the experimental results.

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Large eddy simulation on the wake characteristics of linearly stratified flow past a sphere

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Scientific Reports 2025年第1期15卷 1-13页

作者： Xia, Tianci Wei, Na Shi, Liuliu School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering Shanghai 200093 China Key Laboratory of Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China

In this study, Large Eddy Simulation (LES) has been employed to examine the influence of the Froude number (Fr) on the linearly stratified wake and internal waves behind a sphere at a subcritical Reynolds number of Re = 3700. Six distinct sets of models with varying Fr (Fr = 0.05, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, ∞) have been chosen to establish density linear stratification through the use of a User Defined Function (UDF). The analysis focuses on the impact of stratification on wake characteristics, velocity distribution, and the structure of internal waves within stratified flow. It is evident that density stratification plays a pivotal role in shaping wake structure. Notably, in stratified flows, wakes exhibit unique characteristics including the generation of internal waves, suppression of vertical velocity, and the emergence of oscillating wake patterns. The study reveals that a decrease in the Froude number leads to heightened vertical suppression of the wake and increased anisotropy of the velocity distribution. Furthermore, as the Froude number ascends from 0.05 to 2, the wake undergoes a transition from quasi-two-dimensional vortex shedding to three-dimensional turbulence. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Froude number Internal wave Linearly stratified flow Wake

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Enhancing the Frequency Control Stability in Large-Scale VPPs with Limited Capacity of Fast-Response Units 19th

Enhancing the Frequency Control Stability in Large-Scale VPP...

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19th Annual Conference of China Electrotechnical Society, ACCES 2024

作者： Liang, Jun Tian, Zeyu Zhang, Penghua Zhang, Mingyue Li, Wei Liu, Huan Chong, Daotong China Nuclear Power Operation Technology Co. Ltd. Hangzhou 311215 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 China China Nuclear Power Operation Management Co. Ltd. Jiaxing 314300 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819647996

As renewable energy penetration increases, Virtual power Plants (VPPs) must not only manage energy scheduling but also ensure system security, particularly in response to frequency fluctuations. Existing research focuses on optimizing Primary Frequency Control (PFC) and developing specific control strategies for VPP units. In this study, a dynamic simulation model of a VPP was constructed, and two control systems—Energy Management System (EMS) and Capacity Coordinated Frequency Control (CCFC)—were established and optimized for better control effectiveness. The results demonstrate that the EMS designed for rapid energy storage response is better than traditional methods in responding frequency disturbances caused by rapid power demand changes. Under EMS control, the frequency nadir improved by 17.5%, and the time to reach steady-state was reduced by 77.2% during rapid power increases. Similarly, the nadir improved by 17.1%, and the steady-state time was reduced by 69.5% during power decreases. In addition, the coordinated optimization of EMS and CCFC enhances the VPP’s ability to manage large-scale power fluctuations. The safe power step adaptation range is expanded from 5 MW to 25 MW when the BESS’s dispatchable power is limited. This study highlights the potential of integrated control strategies to significantly enhance the frequency regulation and overall stability of VPPs. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Energy Management System Frequency Fluctuations Primary Frequency Control Virtual power Plant

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Effect of surface roughness on corrosion behaviour of stainless steel in supercritical CO 2

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Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2025年 36卷 4946-4954页

作者： Liyong Cao Wenyan Zhang Chongjun Jiang Hui Wang Hong An Chao Ye Jiyun Ren Xiaole Huang Lei Deng China University of Xihua Chengdu 610039 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China China University of Petroleum-Beijing Beijing 102249 China PipeChina Gansu Branch Lanzhou 730070 China Zhengzhou Yutong Group Co. Ltd. Zhengzhou 450000 China

To study the effect of surface roughness on the corrosion behavior of austenitic steels in supercritical CO 2 , the corrosion experiments were conducted on 304 and 310S stainless steels at 550 °C and 15 MPa. The corroded samples were characterized using XRD and SEM-EDS. The results demonstrate that surface roughness significantly affects the morphology and structure of the oxide films formed on 310S stainless steel. Samples prepared with varying surface roughness (grounded using from 200# to 1000# metallographic abrasive papers) showed that rougher surfaces tend to develop denser oxide layers, whereas smoother surfaces exhibit relatively loose and porous oxide films. Despite these differences in oxide structure, the overall corrosion weight gain remained largely unaffected, indicating minimal oxide shedding from 310S steel. The oxidation product is mainly Cr 2 O 3 . For 304 stainless steel, surface roughness was found to influence the composition of surface oxides. Both 200# and 1000# samples formed loose, porous oxide films prone to spallation, with the primary constituents being Fe 3 O 4 , (Fe, Cr) 3 O 4 and Fe 2 O 3 . Because the content of (Fe, Cr) 3 O 4 and Fe 3 O 4 of the former is higher, more voids appear in the oxide film, leading to spallation within the first 100 h of exposure. The rougher surface showed a more pronounced loss of oxide. But for the 600# sample, the main component is Fe 2 O 3 . Carburization was observed to intensify with increasing surface roughness in both materials. Notably, the 200# sample of 310S stainless steel exhibited more severe carburization compared to the 1000# sample of 304 stainless steel.

关键词： Supercritical CO 2 Corrosion Austenitic stainless steels Surface roughness Oxidation

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Application and Optimization of Monte Carlo Method for Simulation of Light Propagation in Biological Tissue

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Zhongguo Jiguang/Chinese Journal of Lasers 2025年第9期52卷

作者： Zhang, Hao Liu, Yifeng Wu, Wenjuan Li, Dong Chen, Bin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China

Objective The Monte Carlo (MC) method has become a cornerstone for simulation of light propagation in biological tissues, particularly for applications in laser therapy and medical imaging. However, traditional voxel-based Monte Carlo (VMC) methods often exhibit significant errors when dealing with complex curved surfaces due to the inherent limitations of structured grid discretization. By contrast, tetrahedron-based Monte Carlo (TMC) methods, based on unstructured meshes, offer better adaptability to complex geometries but incur higher computational cost. This study aims to address the trade-off between computational efficiency and accuracy in light propagation simulations by proposing a novel correction method to improve the performance of VMC in handling curved interfaces with large refractive index differences. The objective is to enhance the accuracy of VMC while maintaining its computational efficiency, making it more viable for practical biomedical applications, such as laser treatment and optical diagnosis. Methods This study compares the performance of VMC and TMC in light propagation simulations under different refractive index conditions. We propose a coordinate transformation-based correction method to reduce the errors in VMC caused by the inaccurate handling of reflection and refraction at curved interfaces. The simulations were carried out on a multi-layer skin tissue model with varying refractive index conditions;the laser light was directed at blood vessels embedded within the dermis. The correction method involves transforming the photon direction vector in a way that accounts for the curvature of the interface, thereby improving the accuracy of light photon interactions at the tissue boundaries. Simulations were conducted using MATLAB, and the results were validated through experimental cases, such as diabetic retinopathy laser treatment. The computational setup included an Intel i7-9700K processor and an NVIDIA GTX 3080 graphics card (GPU). Resu

关键词： Laser surgery

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Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis of Containment Aerosol Removal Under Severe Accident

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Ou, Pingwen Chen, Yongzheng Chen, Peng Ouyang, Yong Guo, Chao Su, Guanghui China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd. Shenzhen518000 China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Power Safety Technology and Equipment China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd. Shenzhen518000 China School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering China

This study focuses on the uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of containment aerosol removal under severe accident conditions using the severe accident integral code ASTEC, validated by experiments carried by CNPRI, and the coupled uncertainty and sensitivity tool SUNSET. A "separated" methodology is introduced, which distinguishes between thermal-hydraulic and aerosol boundary conditions to highlight the impact of containment aerosol mechanisms. Eleven uncertainty input parameters related are selected for uncertainty propagation and the Spearman correlation coefficient is utilized to describe sensitivity. The removal factor exhibits significant variation, with peaks due to temporary enhancement of diffusiophoresis deposition caused by corium relocation and subsequent steam generation. Uncertainty in the removal factor is substantial before aerosol release termination and narrows afterward. The gravitational settling and the diffusiophoresis deposition are the most important contributors with approximately 70% and 20% deposited aerosol mass, respectively. The initial mass medium diameter, the gravitational shape factor and the agglomeration shape factor are the most influential input parameters in aerosol removal, including in-containment deposition and environmental release, and they should be considered discreetly with conservatism in source term estimation and radioactive consequence evaluation in nuclear engineering. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sensitivity analysis

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Thermodynamics analyses on a novel CHP system integrated with multi-grade thermal energy storage

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Journal of Energy Storage 2025年 106卷

作者： Liu, Rongtang Zhang, Kezhen Qin, Yuanzhi Wan, Kaidi Xu, Can Liu, Ming Ningbo Institute of Technology Beihang University Ningbo315800 China Xi'an Thermal Power Research Institute Co. Ltd. Xi'an710054 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China Dongfang Boiler Co. Ltd. of Dongfang Electric Group Chengdu611731 China

The high penetration level of intermittent renewable power necessitates the crucial requirement for combined heat and power systems to possess both high efficiency and flexibility. However, the heat-controlled operation modes of traditional combined heat and power systems impose limitations on their efficiency and flexibility. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a heat-power decoupling technology that exhibits exceptional efficiency and flexibility. A novel combined heat and power system integrated with multi-grade thermal energy storage is proposed in this study. Thermodynamic analysis models of all operational conditions are developed, and the comprehensive characteristics of efficiency and operational flexibility for the proposed system are assessed by taking a 330 MW system as an example. Results show that the proposed system can decrease/increase 16.05 MW/30.96 MW power loads comparing with the reference system during the charging/discharging periods under the design condition. Energy efficiency of the proposed system can reach 49.40 %, which is improved by 1.66 percentage points. Exergy analysis reveals the exergy destruction order for the proposed system, and shows that the combustion and heat transfer in the boiler are the major process of exergy dissipation. Moreover, operation strategies of the proposed system during charging-discharging cycle are explored and formulated under off-design condition, suggesting that thermodynamic performances of the novel system under various conditions even extreme conditions exhibits exceptional properties. The maximum heat load of the proposed system can be improved by 46.78 % comparing with the reference system, and the maximum improvement of power load capacity during charging-discharging cycle is 14.58 percentage points. This study provides a promising approach for multi-grade thermal energy storage to improve the comprehensive characteristics of combined heat and power systems. © 2024

关键词： Charge storage

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