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Design Automation Conference

作者： Jihe Wang Zhaoqing Wang Danghui Wang School of Computer Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an China Engineering Research Center of Embedded System Integration Ministry of Education Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an China National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an China

Recently, stochastic computing (SC) is increasingly popular in constructing MAC for on-edge DNNs benefiting from its outstanding energy-efficiency, including its adequate precision and gate-level operation. However, current SC-DNN systems always include a lot of costly SNGs/APCs for inevitably switches between binary and stochastic domains, which mortgages incongruous resources to pay the "bill" of the domain-switches and impedes highly-concurrent deployments. In this work, PseudoSC, a binary approximation to low-discrepancy SC, is proposed to totally remove the domain-switch for SNG/APC-free SC-DNNs. Its basic idea is to virtually re-arrange a couple of stochastic operands into a 2-D latent op-space, in which, original Monte Carlo sampling can be partitioned into three sub-ops, i.e., two fixed binary-ops and a fractal recursion. In theory, the recursion forms an isomorphic partition of the sampling repeated in smaller scales until the binary base-case achieved, as a result, a SC-op is well approximated only with binary-ops. Based on above theory, a multi-lane micro-architecture is designed to unroll the recursion within a few cycles and its advantages on hardware saving is verified under popular DNNs. The evaluation shows that the DNN-models with our schemes achieve 98.7% accuracy of the fixed-point implementations, which significantly outperform other SOTA methods. In addition, its reduced structure improves the power efficiency by 3.67 times on average.

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DPA-2:a large atomic model as a multitask learner

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npj Computational Materials 2024年第1期10卷 185-199页

作者： Duo Zhang Xinzijian Liu Xiangyu Zhang Chengqian Zhang Chun Cai Hangrui Bi Yiming Du Xuejian Qin Anyang Peng Jiameng Huang Bowen Li Yifan Shan Jinzhe Zeng Yuzhi Zhang Siyuan Liu Yifan Li Junhan Chang Xinyan Wang Shuo Zhou Jianchuan Liu Xiaoshan Luo Zhenyu Wang Wanrun Jiang Jing Wu Yudi Yang Jiyuan Yang Manyi Yang Fu-Qiang Gong Linshuang Zhang Mengchao Shi Fu-Zhi Dai Darrin M.York Shi Liu Tong Zhu Zhicheng Zhong Jian Lv Jun Cheng Weile Jia Mohan Chen Guolin Ke Weinan E Linfeng Zhang Han Wang AI for Science Institute BeijingP.R.China DP Technology BeijingP.R.China Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking UniversityBeijingP.R.China State Key Lab of Processors Institute of Computing TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP.R.China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingP.R.China HEDPS CAPTCollege of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijingP.R.China Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesNingboP.R.China CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesNingboP.R.China School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking UniversityBeijingP.R.China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics&New Drug Development School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiP.R.China Laboratory for Biomolecular Simulation Research Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine and Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJUSA Department of Chemistry Princeton UniversityPrincetonNJUSA College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking UniversityBeijingP.R.China Yuanpei College Peking UniversityBeijingP.R.China School of Electrical Engineering and Electronic Information Xihua UniversityChengduP.R.China State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials College of PhysicsJilin UniversityChangchunP.R.China Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods&Software of Ministry of Education College of PhysicsJilin UniversityChangchunP.R.China International Center of Future Science Jilin UniversityChangchunP.R.China Key Laboratory for Quantum Materialsof Zhejiang Province Department of PhysicsSchool of ScienceWestlake UniversityHangzhouP.R.China Atomistic Simulations Italian Institute of TechnologyGenovaItaly State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface iChEMCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiame

The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence(AI)are catalyzing transformative changes in atomic modeling,simulation,and ***-driven potential energy models havedemonstrated the capability to conduct large-scale,long-duration simulations with the accuracy of ab initio electronic structure ***,the model generation process remains a bottleneck for large-scale *** propose a shift towards a model-centric ecosystem,wherein a large atomic model(LAM),pretrained across multiple disciplines,can be efficiently fine-tuned and distilled for various downstream tasks,thereby establishing a new framework for molecular *** this study,we introduce the DPA-2 architecture as a prototype for ***-trained on a diverse array of chemical and materials systemsusing a multi-task approach,DPA-2demonstrates superior generalization capabilities across multiple downstream tasks compared to the traditional single-task pre-training and fine-tuning *** approach sets the stage for the development and broad application of LAMs in molecular and materials simulation research.

关键词： DPA establishing thereby

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A Multi-objective optimization model for simulation-based acquisition 7

A Multi-objective optimization model for simulation-based ac...

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7th IEEE International Conference on Progress in Informatics and Computing, PIC 2020

作者： Zhang, Xue Xue, Junjie Zhou, Junhua Shi, Guoqiang Yu, Yan Nanjing University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing China Beijing Simulation Center Beijing Complex Product Advanced Manufacturing Engineering Research Center Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing System Technology Beijing Institute of Electronic System Engineering Beijing China Science and Technology on Space System Simulation Laboratory Beijing Simulation Center Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728170862

Large-scale equipment presents the characteristics of technology-intensive, knowledge-intensive and complex, which brings high investment and high risk to equipment acquisition. This paper analyzes the various components of equipment acquisition to fully apply modeling and simulation technology to each stage of it. On the basis of multi-objective optimization theory, the objective function of the lowest risk and lowest cost of simulation-based acquisition (SBA) is proposed. Then establishing a multi-objective optimization model for simulation-based acquisition according to the corresponding constraints. The nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA II) and multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithms are used to optimize the model, and the majority voting method is used for integration. The comparison of simulation examples proves that the multi-objective optimization model oriented to SBA designed in this paper can effectively realize the optimization of each objective of SBA under cost constraints. And the feasibility and efficiency of optimization solution are guaranteed. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Multiobjective optimization

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application of Symmetric Key Algorithm in Data Security Design of Smart Grid

Application of Symmetric Key Algorithm in Data Security Desi...

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Mechatronics, IoT and Industrial Informatics (ICMIII), International Conference on

作者： Yifan Zhang Chaoyu Yu Yuqiang Wang Junfei Han Ming Zhong Haijun An Ningping Yuan Inner Mongolia Enterprise Key Laboratory of Smart Grid Simulation of Electrical Power System Inner Mongolia Power Research Institute Hohhot China Inner Mongolia Tianda Tiancai Information Technology Co. Ltd. Hohhot China School of Computer Information Inner Mongolia Medical University Hohhot China

There are a large number of distributed transaction management in the smart grid. If the traditional centralized control method is adopted, it will cause problems such as low security level, privacy leakage and high maintenance cost. Protecting the privacy and security of data is the most important link in network transmission. The input of data parties will not interfere with each other, which protects the privacy of users. The research purpose of this paper is the application of symmetric key algorithm in smart grid data security design. In the experiment, according to the symmetric key security evaluation index, using the run-length test and frequency test methods, the data security design of the symmetric key algorithm in the smart grid is analyzed, thereby proving the security of the symmetric key algorithm.

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Multi-GNSS simulation and its positioning performance for static and dynamic users 6

Multi-GNSS simulation and its positioning performance for st...

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6th International Symposium on Autonomous systems, ISAS 2023

作者： Li, Kun Gao, Mengzhi Zheng, Shuaiyong Wang, Xuanwen Jin, Xiaoqin Yang, Peng Yang, Jianlei Lu, Jing Yao, Gaole Tianjin University of Technology School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering Tianjin China Nankai University College of Artificial Intelligence Tianjin China Tianjin University of Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Tianjin China The 54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation State Key Laboratory of Satellite Navigation System and Equipment Technology Shijiazhuang China Land Satellite Remote Sensing Application Center Ministry of Natural Resources Beijing China Tianjin AtoN Division The Navigation Guarantee Centre of North China Sea Tianjin China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316155

Global navigation satellite system plays an important role in military and civil fields, providing global positioning, navigation and timing services in real time. Unfortunately, the services provided by single constellation or double constellations cannot meet the requirements of high-level navigation, and there are still some problems such as low positioning accuracy and low number of visible satellites at specific circumstances to be solved. In this paper, multi-GNSSs are constructed and their global positioning performance is analyzed with respect to static and dynamic users. Results show that with more constellations, the position dilution of precision is decreased, and the number of visible satellites and the positioning accuracy are improved, which reveals that compared with single constellation or double constellations, multi-GNSSs can obviously improve the positioning performance. The methodology proposed can serve as a technical reference for national integrated PNT systems. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Navigation

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Compound extreme events and health risks in China: A review

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2025年

作者： Tang, Haosu Huang, Gang Hu, Kaiming Wang, Jun Huang, Cunrui Yang, Xianke School of Geography and Planning University of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom National Key Laboratory of Earth System Numerical Modeling and Application Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China The Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Vanke School of Public Health Tsinghua University Beijing China MARA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Hubei China

Against the backdrop of global warming, China has been facing increasingly frequent and severe extreme weather and climate events, with a prominent risk of compound extreme events induced by interactions among multiple climate drivers and/or hazards. The present study first reviews the definition and classification of compound extreme events in China. Then, it summarizes research progress on the evolutionary characteristics, formation mechanisms, and future projections of different types of compound extreme events. The potential risks and possible impact pathways of three specific event types—namely, continuous day–night hot extremes, temperature–humidity compound events, and high-temperature–ozone compound events—on the health of the Chinese population are then explored. Finally, a framework for assessing the hazard risk of compound extreme events is constructed, accompanied by response strategies based on carbon neutrality targets. Building on existing research achievements, five future research directions are proposed: (1) identifying the risk chains of compound events;(2) addressing the constraints of observational records and coupled model performances;(3) attributing and understanding the drivers of compound extreme events;(4) finding optimal pathways for carbon reduction and air quality improvement;and (5) promoting inter-disciplinary, multi-regional, and cross-sectoral collaboration. Strengthening research in these directions will deepen our understanding of compound extreme events and provide technological support for climate change adaptation and health risk responses in China. 摘要在全球变暖的背景下, 中国面临着日益频繁和严峻的极端天气气候事件, 其中以多种气候驱动因子和/或灾害相互作用而形成的复合型极端事件风险尤为突出. 本文首先回顾了中国区域复合型极端事件的定义与分型;然后综述了不同类型复合型极端事件的演变特征, 形成机制以及未来预估等方面的研究进展;随后, 探讨了日夜持续型极端高温事件, 温湿复合事件以及高温–臭氧复合事件等三类事件对我国人群健康的潜在风险及可能的影响途径;最后, 阐述了复合型极端事件灾害风险评估框架, 并在此基础上提出了基于碳中和目标的应对策略. 在总结既有研究成果的基础上, 提出了五个未来亟需关注的研究方向: (1)复合事件灾害风险链的识别问题;(2)观测资料和耦合模式性能的制约问题;(3)复合型极端事件的归因与成因问题;(4)碳减排与空气质量改善的最优路径问题;(5)多学科, 多区域, 多部门的合作问题

关键词： Air pollution Carbon neutrality Compound extreme event Extreme weather Global warming Population health

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Adaptive Backdoor Attacks with Reasonable Constraints on Graph Neural Networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Dong, Xuewen Li, Jiachen Li, Shujun You, Zhichao Qu, Qiang Kholodov, Yaroslav Shen, Yulong School of Computer Science and Technology Xidian University The Engineering Research Center of Blockchain Technology Application and Evaluation Ministry of Education China The Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Secure Computing Xi’an710071 China University of Kent CanterburyCT2 7NP United Kingdom Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences China Intelligent Transportation Systems Lab Innopolis University Innopolis Russia School of Computer Science and Technology Xidian University China The Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network and System Security Xi’an710071 China

Recent studies show that graph neural networks (GNNs) are vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Existing backdoor attacks against GNNs use fixed-pattern triggers and lack reasonable trigger constraints, overlooking individual graph characteristics and rendering insufficient evasiveness. To tackle the above issues, we propose ABARC, the first Adaptive Backdoor Attack with Reasonable Constraints, applying to both graph-level and node-level tasks in GNNs. For graph-level tasks, we propose a subgraph backdoor attack independent of the graph’s topology. It dynamically selects trigger nodes for each target graph and modifies node features with constraints based on graph similarity, feature range, and feature type. For node-level tasks, our attack begins with an analysis of node features, followed by selecting and modifying trigger features, which are then constrained by node similarity, feature range, and feature type. Furthermore, an adaptive edge-pruning mechanism is designed to reduce the impact of neighbors on target nodes, ensuring a high attack success rate (ASR). Experimental results show that even with reasonable constraints for attack evasiveness, our attack achieves a high ASR while incurring a marginal clean accuracy drop (CAD). When combined with the state-of-the-art defense randomized smoothing (RS) method, our attack maintains an ASR over 94%, surpassing existing attacks by more than 7%. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graph neural networks

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Efficient Gridless DoA Estimation Method of Non-uniform Linear Arrays with applications in Automotive Radars

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Gao, Silin Zhang, Zhe Wang, Muhan Zhang, Yan Zhao, Jie Zhang, Bingchen Wang, Yue Wu, Yirong Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-spatial Information Processing and Application System Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Electronic Electrical and Communication Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Suzhou Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Processing and Application Technology Suzhou Aerospace Information Research Institute Jiangsu Suzhou China The Beijing Autoroad Tech Co. Ltd China Electrical and Computer Engineering Department George Mason University FairfaxVA United States

This paper focuses on the gridless direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation for data acquired by non-uniform linear arrays (NLAs) in automotive applications. Atomic norm minimization (ANM) is a promising gridless sparse recovery algorithm under the Toeplitz model and solved by convex relaxation, thus it is only applicable to uniform linear arrays (ULAs) with array manifolds having a Vandermonde structure. In automotive applications, it is essential to apply the gridless DoA estimation to NLAs with arbitrary geometry with efficiency. In this paper, a fast ANM-based gridless DoA estimation algorithm for NLAs is proposed, which employs the array manifold separation technique and the accelerated proximal gradient (APG) technique, making it applicable to NLAs without losing of efficiency. simulation and measurement experiments on automotive multiple-input multiple-outpt (MIMO) radars demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Efficiency

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Geographical flows: a fresh perspective on quantifying urban function

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Urban Informatics 2024年第1期3卷 1-9页

作者： Pei, Tao Yan, Xiaorui Shu, Hua Wang, Xi Chen, Xiao Guo, Sihui Jiang, Jingyu Song, Ci Chen, Jie State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing China School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hubei University Wuhan China Beijing Institute of Surveying and Mapping Beijing China Nanjing Institute of Surveying Mapping & Geotechnical Investigation Co. Ltd Nanjing China

Urban function refers to various roles and activities that take place in an urban region or a public facility. Previous research only focused on the types of urban function and its quantitative characterization did not attract enough attention. In this paper, we highlight the issue of quantifying the urban function and divide it into two aspects: one is the intensity of the urban function, which can be seen as the capacity to accommodate people engaging in activities related to the function, and the other is its influence on the surrounding area. Due to the cause-and-effect dynamics between urban functions and geographical flows, which refer to the human or objects moving between locations, geographical flows have been used to estimate the intensity and influence of urban function. Based on the review of recent updates, this paper provides a research framework for utilizing flow data to quantify urban function in terms of intensity and influence. Regarding the intensity, the indices are mainly based on the volume of inflow/outflow and their ratio. Regarding the influence, there are two types of indices for evaluating it: one for planar facilities and the other for linear facilities. To describe the intensity and influence of the urban function simultaneously, the volume along with the length of flows are considered into the indices, which can quantify the importance or irreplaceability of a place or facility. The analysis shows that the geographical flows provide a new perspective for quantifying urban function in terms of intensity and influence.

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Key Techniques on Unified Identity Authentication in OpenMBEE Integration

Key Techniques on Unified Identity Authentication in OpenMBE...

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IEEE International Conference on Electronics and Communication Engineering (ICECE)

作者： Junjie Xue Junhua Zhou Guoqiang Shi Chaoqun Feng Penghua Liu Hongyan Quan Beijing Complex Product Advanced Manufacturing Engineering Research Center Beijing Simulation Center Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing System Technology Beijing Institute of Electronic System Engineering Beijing China Beijing Simulation Center Science and Technology on Space System Simulation Laboratory Beijing China School of Computer Science and Technology East China Normal University Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728188577

In order to make full use of the concept of model-based systems engineering (MBSE) and the collaborative design capability of the open model-based engineering environment (OpenMBEE) in establishing complex product development platform, we propose an effective method to solve the problem of unified identity authentication in OpenMBEE integration. The proposed method is based on the Model View Controller(MVC) architecture in OpenMBEE, which has the characteristics strong plasticity and can be benefit for expanding the function in the controller layer. In our research, we make full use of the Software Development Kit (SDK) of OpenMBEE to expand the existing functions in the controller layer, and increase the function of communicating with the application development platform, then realize the function of sharing user authentication information between the development platform and OpenMBEE. After expansion, the system includes three modules, including the Front-end Service Module(FSM), MQ based Information Receiving Service Module(IFRSM), and the OpenMBEE Backend Server Module(BSM). The effectiveness of the proposed strategies is verified by some practical instances, which verifies that our study can provide an effective design idea for the identity authentication in OpenMBEE integration.

关键词： Analytical models Databases Authentication computer architecture Control systems Data models Software

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