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SAM struggles in concealed scenes—empirical study on “Segment Anything”

Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第12期66卷 278-280页

作者： Ge-Peng JI Deng-Ping FAN Peng XU Bowen ZHOU Ming-Ming CHENG Luc VAN GOOL School of Computing Australian National University Computer Vision Lab(CVL) ETH Zurich Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University College of Computer Science Nankai University

Large models open up new opportunities for artificial intelligence. In the past few months, there has been a boom in training foundation models on the vast linguistic corpus to produce amazing applications, e.g., Chat GPT, *** natural language processing and multimodal learning communities have been revolutionized. Large models' capacity for generalization and emergent makes it easy for users to believe that large models can solve anything.

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Automatic extraction of lightweight and efficient neural network architecture of heavy convolutional architectures to predict microsatellite instability from hematoxylin and eosin histology in gastric cancer

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Neural Computing and Applications 2024年第25期36卷 15295-15321页

作者： Rostami, Habib Ashkpour, Maryam Behzadi-Khormouji, Hamed Mokhtari, Maral Khayati, Armin Keshavarz, Ahmad Talatian Azad, Saeed Tabesh, Yahya Computer Engineering Department Faculty of Intelligent Systems Engineering and Data Science Persian Gulf University Bushehr75168 Iran Artificial Intelligence and Intelligent Healthcare Lab Artificial Intelligence and Data Mining Research Group Faculty of Intelligent Systems Engineering and Data Science ICT Research Institute Persian Gulf University Bushehr75168 Iran Faculty of New Science and Technologies University of Tehran Tehran Iran Department of Computer Science Imec-IDLab University of Antwerp Sint-Pietersvliet 7 Antwerp2000 Belgium Shahid Faghihi Hospital Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran Department of Computer Science Engineering and IT School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Shiraz University Shiraz Iran Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Intelligent Systems Engineering and Data Science Persian Gulf University Bushehr75168 Iran IoT and Signal Processing Research Group Faculty of Intelligent Systems Engineering and Data Science ICT Research Institute Persian Gulf University Bushehr75168 Iran Department of Mathematical Sciences Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran

Cancers have emerged as a significant concern due to their impact on public health and society. The examination and interpretation of tissue sections stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) play a crucial role in disease assessment, particularly in cases like gastric cancer. Microsatellite instability (MSI) is suggested to contribute to the carcinogenesis of specific gastrointestinal tumors. However, due to the nonspecific morphology observed in H&E-stained tissue sections, MSI determination often requires costly evaluations through various molecular studies and immunohistochemistry methods in specialized molecular pathology laboratories. Despite the high cost, international guidelines recommend MSI testing for gastrointestinal cancers. Thus, there is a pressing need for a new diagnostic modality with lower costs and widespread applicability for MSI detection. This study aims to detect MSI directly from H&E histology slides in gastric cancer, providing a cost-effective alternative. The performance of well-known deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) and a proposed architecture are compared. Medical image datasets are typically smaller than benchmark datasets like ImageNet, necessitating the use of off-the-shelf DCNN architectures developed for large datasets through techniques such as transfer learning. Designing an architecture proportional to a custom dataset can be tedious and may not yield desirable results. In this work, we propose an automatic method to extract a lightweight and efficient architecture from a given heavy architecture (e.g., well-known off-the-shelf DCNNs) proportional to a specific dataset. To predict MSI instability, we extracted the MicroNet architecture from the Xception network using the proposed method and compared its performance with other well-known architectures. The models were trained using tiles extracted from whole-slide images, and two evaluation strategies, tile-based and whole-slide image (WSI)-based, were employed and comp

关键词： Network architecture

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Fuzzy-NMS: Improving 3D Object Detection With Fuzzy Classification in NMS

IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles

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IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles 2024年 1-15页

作者： Wang, Li Zhang, Xinyu Zhao, Fachuan Wu, Chuze Wang, Yichen Song, Ziying Yang, Lei Xu, Bin Li, Jun Ge, Shuzhi Sam School of Machanical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China School of Vehicle and Mobility Tsinghua University Beijing China School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing Key Lab of Traffic Data Analysis and Mining Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Interactive Digital Media Institute Social Robotics Laboratory National University of Singapore Singapore

Non-maximum suppression (NMS) is an essential post-processing module in many 3D object detection frameworks to remove overlapping candidate bounding boxes. However, an overreliance on classification scores and difficulties in determining appropriate thresholds can affect the resulting accuracy directly. To address these issues, we introduce fuzzy learning into NMS and propose a novel generalized Fuzzy-NMS module to achieve finer candidate bounding box filtering. The proposed Fuzzy-NMS module combines the volume and clustering density of candidate bounding boxes, refining them with a fuzzy classification method and optimizing the appropriate suppression thresholds to reduce uncertainty in the NMS process. Adequate validation experiments use the mainstream KITTI and large-scale Waymo 3D object detection benchmarks. The results of these tests demonstrate the proposed Fuzzy-NMS module can improve the accuracy of numerous recently NMS-based detectors significantly, including PointPillars, PV-RCNN, and IA-SSD, etc. This effect is particularly evident for small objects such as pedestrians and bicycles. As a plug-and-play module, Fuzzy-NMS does not need to be retrained and produces no obvious increases in inference time. IEEE

关键词： Object detection

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Automated Segmentation and Connectivity Analysis for Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

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Biomedical engineering Frontiers 2022年第1期3卷 1-13页

作者： Angela Zhang Amil Khan Saisidharth Majeti Judy Pham Christopher Nguyen Peter Tran Vikram Iyer Ashutosh Shelat Jefferson Chen B.S.Manjunath Vision Research Laboratory Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraSanta BarbaraCAUSA Chen Lab Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaIrvine Medical CenterOrangeCAUSA Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital Santa BarbaraCAUSA

Objective and Impact *** propose an automated method of predicting Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus(NPH)from CT scans.A deep convolutional network segments regions of interest from the *** regions are then combined with MRI information to predict *** our knowledge,this is the first method which automatically predicts NPH from CT scans and incorporates diffusion tractography information for *** to their low cost and high versatility,CT scans are often used in NPH *** well-defined and effective protocol currently exists for analysis of CT scans for ***’index,an approximation of the ventricle to brain volume using one 2D image slice,has been proposed but is not *** proposed approach is an effective way to quantify regions of interest and offers a computational method for predicting *** propose a novel method to predict NPH by combining regions of interest segmented from CT scans with connectome data to compute features which capture the impact of enlarged ventricles by excluding fiber tracts passing through these *** segmentation and network features are used to train a model for NPH *** method outperforms the current state-of-the-art by 9 precision points and 29 recall *** segmentation model outperforms the current state-of-the-art in segmenting the ventricle,gray-white matter,and subarachnoid space in CT *** experimental results demonstrate that fast and accurate volumetric segmentation of CT brain scans can help improve the NPH diagnosis process,and network properties can increase NPH prediction accuracy.

关键词： diagnosis network Connectivity

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GNN-Assisted BiG-AMP: Joint Channel Estimation and Data Detection for Massive MIMO Receiver

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IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2025年第6期24卷 4631-4646页

作者： Liu, Zishen Wu, Nan He, Dongxuan Yuan, Weijie Li, Yonghui Quek, Tony Q. S. School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Robotics and Computer Vision Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China School of Electrical and Information Engineering The University of Sydney SydneyNSW2008 Australia Singapore University of Technology and Design 487372 Singapore Department of Electronic Engineering Kyung Hee University Yongin17104 Korea Republic of

In this paper, we develop a graph neural network (GNN)-assisted bilinear inference approach to enhance the receiver performance of the MIMO system through message passing-based joint channel estimation and data detection (JCD). Specifically, based on the bilinear generalized approximate message passing (BiG-AMP) framework and conditional correlation of signal, we propose a GNN-assisted BiG-AMP (GNN-BiGAMP) approach, which integrates a GNN module into the data-detection-loop to compensate the inaccurate marginal likelihood approximation. By leveraging the coupling between the channel and received symbols, a bilinear GNN-assisted BiG-AMP (BiGNN-BiGAMP) JCD receiver is further proposed. This method incorporates two GNNs with similar graph representation into the bilinear posterior estimation loops, which not only compensates for approximation errors but also alleviates performance loss due to premature variance convergence, thereby enhancing the receiver performance significantly. To fully exploit the supervised information from channel estimation and data detection, we propose a multitask learning based training scheme, which coordinates GNNs with different tasks in two loops. Simulation results show that our proposed GNN-assisted JCD receivers significantly outperform other JCD counterparts in terms of both channel estimation and data detection. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graph neural networks

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Design oligoporous-core based multimode fiber for mode division multiplexing applications

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Optical and Quantum Electronics 2025年第5期57卷 1-24页

作者： Mitu, Sumaiya Akhtar Abdulrazak, Lway Faisal Ibrahim, Sobhy M. Tahhan, Shaymaa R. Hossain, Md Bellal Ahmed, Kawsar Bui, Francis M. Chen, Li Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Asia Pacific 74/A Green Rd Dhaka1205 Bangladesh Department of Information and Communication Technology Group of Bio-photomatiχ Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Tangail Santosh1902 Bangladesh Department of Computer Science Cihan University Sulaimaniya Kurdistan Region Sulaimaniya46001 Iraq Department of Biochemistry College of Science King Saud University P.O. Box: 2455 Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia Department of Laser and Optoelectronics Engineering College of Engineering Al-Nahrain University Jadriya Baghdad64074 Iraq School of Electrical and Information Engineering The University of Sydney SydneyNSW Australia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Saskatchewan 57 Campus Drive SaskatoonSKS7N 5A9 Canada Health Informatics Research Lab Department of Computer Science and Engineering Daffodil International University Daffodil Smart City Birulia Dhaka1216 Bangladesh

A polarization-maintaining oligoporous-core-based multi-mode fiber is proposed. By tuning the air hole, as well as the core number, shape, size, and position up to 28 distinct linearly polarized (LP) modes are obtained. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to perform the numerical investigations. In addition, various materials combinations are used as a doping with silica which is highly helpful to increase or decrease the refractive index of the core material. The multimode fiber is identified by the normalized frequency or V parameter. Besides, the high birefringence value, low loss value, minimum crosstalk with high sensitivity response of 1.46×10-2, 2×10-11dB/m, 41.80 dB and 88,280.46 nm/RIU, respectively, are achieved from the numerical investigations over the wavelength range from 1.55 µm to1.65 µm for the different LP modes. Moreover, good responses also obtain for the numerical aperture, V number, coupling length and other parameters. In the end, every value reveals both an easy-to-fabricate structure design as well as adequate performance analysis. The suggested fiber structure can support many modes and might be applicable in the field of optical communications and spatial multiplexing based on the user demand. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Fiber to the x

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MacST: Multi-Accent Speech Synthesis via Text Transliteration for Accent Conversion

MacST: Multi-Accent Speech Synthesis via Text Transliteratio...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Inoue, Sho Wang, Shuai Wang, Wanxing Zhu, Pengcheng Bi, Mengxiao Li, Haizhou Shenzhen China Shenzhen China Fuxi AI Lab NetEase Inc. Hangzhou China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

In accented voice conversion or accent conversion, we seek to convert the accent in speech from one another while preserving speaker identity and semantic content. In this study, we formulate a novel method for creating multi-accented speech samples, thus pairs of accented speech samples by the same speaker, through text transliteration for training accent conversion systems. We begin by generating transliterated text with Large Language Models (LLMs), which is then fed into multilingual TTS models to synthesize accented English speech. As a reference system, we built a sequence-to-sequence model on the synthetic parallel corpus for accent conversion. We validated the proposed method for both native and non-native English speakers. Subjective and objective evaluations further validate our dataset's effectiveness in accent conversion studies. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Accent Voice Conversion Accent Voice Generation Multi-lingual Text-to-Speech Transliteration

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End-to-end differentiability and tensor processing unit computing to accelerate materials’ inverse design

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1072-1083页

作者： Han Liu Yuhan Liu Kevin Li Zhangji Zhao Samuel S.Schoenholz Ekin D.Cubuk Puneet Gupta Mathieu Bauchy SOlids inFormaTics AI-Laboratory(SOFT-AI-Lab) College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China AIMSOLID Research Wuhan 430223China Physics of AmoRphous and Inorganic Solids Laboratory(PARISlab) Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Computer Science University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Google Research Brain TeamMountain ViewCAUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA

Numerical simulations have revolutionized material ***,although simulations excel at mapping an input material to its output property,their direct application to inverse design has traditionally been limited by their high computing cost and lack of ***,taking the example of the inverse design of a porous matrix featuring targeted sorption isotherm,we introduce a computational inverse design framework that addresses these challenges,by programming differentiable simulation on TensorFlow platform that leverages automated end-to-end *** to its differentiability,the simulation is used to directly train a deep generative model,which outputs an optimal porous matrix based on an arbitrary input sorption isotherm ***,this inverse design pipeline leverages the power of tensor processing units(TPU)—an emerging family of dedicated chips,which,although they are specialized in deep learning,are flexible enough for intensive scientific *** approach holds promise to accelerate inverse materials design.

关键词： enough inverse isotherm

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Improving DeepFake Video Detection Performance with a Noval Deep Learning Approach 3

Improving DeepFake Video Detection Performance with a Noval ...

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3rd IEEE International Conference on Electronic engineering, ICEEM 2023

作者： Fouda, Mona A. El-Shafai, Walid El-Rabaie, El-Sayed M. Menoufia University Faculty of Electronic Engineering Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Menouf32952 Egypt Prince Sultan University Security Engineering Lab Computer Science Department Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350323511

With the rise in both the quantity and sophistication of deepfake videos, the need for robust detection systems to identify potentially misleading content on social media and the internet has become paramount. However, current automated face forgery detection systems still face limitations, often demonstrating bias towards the training dataset. This research paper addresses this issue by proposing a novel approach for detecting deepfake media. We introduce a custom Visual Geometry Group (VGG16) deepfake detection method that leverages convolutional neural network architectures. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, we utilize the deepfake detection challenge (DFDC) dataset on Kaggle to build network models and compare the performance of our custom VGG16 method against the standard VGG16. Additionally, we investigate the impact of data augmentation techniques on the performance of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based deepfake detectors, examining their effect on both VGG16 and our custom VGG16 approach using the DFDC dataset. Our results demonstrate a high level of accuracy, with precision, recall, and f1-score values of 0.983, 0.975, and 0.979, respectively, and an overall accuracy of 0.986 for deepfake detection. This study presents a promising approach to enhance the accuracy of deepfake video detection, representing a crucial step towards mitigating the potential negative impacts of deepfake technology. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Site-Specific Beam Alignment without Explicit Channel Knowledge via Deep Learning 58

Site-Specific Beam Alignment without Explicit Channel Knowle...

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58th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and computers, ACSSC 2024

作者： Kwak, Jong Woo Yoo, Hanju Roberts, Ian P. Chae, Chan-Byoung School of Integrated Technology Yonsei University Intelligence Networking Lab. Seoul03722 Korea Republic of Ucla Wireless Lab Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Los AngelesCA90095 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350354058

Quickly and accurately steering the highly directional beams of a millimeter-wave (mmWave) base station (BS) toward the intended user(s) is a challenging task known as the beam alignment problem. Prior work has identified machine learning (ML) as a promising tool for developing fast, effective beam alignment solutions through site-specific optimization. However, these approaches typically rely on training datasets containing the propagation channel information between the BS and virtually every possible user within the site. Acquiring such datasets is impractical through channel estimation and time-consuming when using ray-tracing tools. In this paper, we propose a novel ML-driven framework that relies solely on measurements of received signal power, collected by users during standard 5G beam sweeping procedures, for training. By leveraging these beam sweeping measurements, our model implicitly learns features of the surrounding environment, enabling the construction of a sparse probing beam codebook and a corresponding beam selector for rapid beam alignment. Remarkably, our approach matches the speed and effectiveness of state-of-the-art methods trained on perfect explicit channel data, even when the beam sweeping measurements used for training are noisy. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Channel estimation

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