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Enhancing the response of CALUX and CAFLUX cell bioassays for quantitative detection of dioxin-like compounds

Science China Chemistry 2010年第5期53卷 1010-1016页

作者： BASTON David S. KHAN Elaine SORRENTINO Claudio DENISON Michael S. Laboratorium voor Analytische en Milieu Chemie Vrije Universiteit Brussel Pesticide Epidemiology Section Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology BranchOffice of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment Human and Ecological Risk Office Brownfields and Environmental Restoration ProgramDepartment of Toxic Substances Control Department of Environmental Toxicology University of California

Reporter genes produce a protein product in transfected cells that can be easily measured in intact or lysed cells and they have been extensively used in numerous basic and applied research *** the past 10 years,reporter gene assays have been widely accepted and used for analysis of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and related dioxin-like compounds in various types of matrices,such as biological,environmental,food and feed samples,given that high-resolution instrumental analysis techniques are impractical for large-scale screening *** most sensitive cell-based reporter gene bioassay systems developed are the mechanism-based CALUX(Chemically Activated Luciferase Expression) and CAFLUX(Chemically Activated Fluorescent Expression) bioassays,which utilize recombinant cell lines containing stably transfected dioxin(AhR) responsive firefly luciferase or enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP) reporter genes,*** the current CALUX and CAFLUX bioassays are very sensitive,increasing their lower limit of sensitivity,magnitude of response and dynamic range for chemical detection would significantly increase their utility,particularly for those samples that contain low levels of dioxin-like HAHs(i.e.,serum) .In this study,we report that the addition of modulators of cell signaling pathways or modification of cell culture conditions results in significant improvement in the magnitude and overall responsiveness of the existing CALUX and CAFLUX cell bioassays.

关键词： dioxin reporter gene bioassay CALUX CAFLUX

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POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXIN AND DIBENZOFURAN CONTAMINATION AT METAL RECOVERY FACILITIES, OPEN BURN SITES, AND A RAILROAD CAR INCINERATION FACILITY

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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 1995年第3期29卷 677-684页

作者： HARNLY, M STEPHENS, R MCLAUGHLIN, C MARCOTTE, J PETREAS, M GOLDMAN, L Environmental Health Investigations Branch California Department of Health Services (DHS) Berkeley California 94704 United States Hazardous Materials Laboratory currently part of the California Environmental Protection Agency United States Toxic Substances Control Program currently part of the California Environmental Protection Agency United States Currently with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency United States

Soil and ash surface samples (n = 44) were collected from three historical metal recovery facilities where copper scrap was a dominant feed stream, three sites of open burning where evidence of copper recovery was visible, and from a railroad car incineration facility. Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF) are in the low parts per billion range with PCDF concentrations significantly lower in samples from the railroad car facility. In fly ash from a copper wire and aluminum scrap recovery facility, PCDD and PCDF concentrations are high, 50 and 460 ppm. Consistent with that cited for other combustion sources, ratios of PCDD to PCDF are mostly greater than 1. However, a lower ratio (0.4), is observed in samples from the railroad car incineration facility. OCDF and OCDD are significantly correlated with 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxicity equivalents (TEQ). These congeners may be inexpensively analyzed and may be useful as indicator chemicals at similar sites and facilities. Further investigations of metal recovery facilities and open burn sites worldwide are necessary.

关键词： Soil pollution Dibenzodioxin Dibenzofurans

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Development of a GIS-based, real-time Internet mapping tool for rabies surveillance

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International Journal of Health Geographics 2006年第1期5卷 1-8页

作者： Blanton, Jesse D. Manangan, Arie Manangan, Jamie Hanlon, Cathleen A. Slate, Dennis Rupprecht, Charles E. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States Geospatial Research and Analysis Program Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Atlanta GA United States Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA United States Wildlife Services United States Department of Agriculture Concord NH United States

Background: Oral rabies vaccination programs have been implemented to control the spread of wildlife rabies in the United States. However, current surveillance systems are inadequate for the efficient management and evaluation of these large scale vaccine baiting programs. With this in mind, a GIS-based rabies surveillance database and Internet mapping application was created. This surveillance system, RabID, provides a new resource for the rapid mapping and dissemination of data on animal rabies cases in relation to unaffected, enzootic, and baited areas where current interventions are underway. Results: RabID is a centralized database for diagnostic and demographic information collected by local, state, and federal agencies involved in rabies surveillance. The geo-referenced database remits data to an Internet-accessible mapping application that displays rabies surveillance data in relation to environmental and geographic features. Conclusion: RabID provides a pioneering example of the power of geographically based Internet-accessible, infectious disease surveillance. This surveillance system was developed from existing technology and is readily adaptable to other infectious diseases and may be particularly useful for zoonoses. The development and application of public health informatics technology may enhance the effectiveness of public health interventions and allow better evaluation of public health interventions. © 2006 Blanton et al;licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

关键词： West Nile Virus Rabies Public Health Surveillance Human Rabies Rabies Case

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Developing a Granular Scale Environmental Burden Index (Ebi) for Diverse Land Cover Types Across the Contiguous United States

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Owusu, Claudio Flanagan, Barry Lavery, Amy M. Mertzlufft, Caitlin E. McKenzie, Benjamin A. Kolling, Jessica Lewis, Brian Dunn, Ian Hallisey, Elaine Lehnert, Erica Adams Fletcher, Kelly Davis, Ryan Conn, Michel Owen, Lance R. Smith, Melissa M. Dent, Andrew Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry National Center for Environmental Health Office of Innovation and Analytics Geospatial Research Analysis and Services Program AtlantaGA United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry National Center for Environmental Health Office of Emergency Management AtlantaGA United States Evidation Health Inc San FranciscoCA United States The Ohio Colleges of Medicine Government Resource Center ColumbusOH United States

Critical to identifying the risk of environmentally driven disease is an understanding of the cumulative impact of environmental conditions on human health. Here we describe the methodology used to develop an environmental burden index (EBI). Two key features of the EBI are that its geography is at U.S. census tract level, and that the tracts are stratified by land cover type as per the National Land Cover Database (NLCD). The first recognizes that environmental determinations at a coarser geographic scale are too variable to be of practical use. The second enables a control for urbanicity, as cities are often areas of concentrated contamination. The EBI enables the identification of environmentally burdened census tracts of rural areas that would not stand out as such otherwise. The EBI was developed over the course of four stages: 1) literature review to identify potential indicators, 2) data source acquisition and indicator variable construction, 3) index creation, and 4) stratification by land cover type. For each potential indicator, data sources were assessed for completeness, update frequency, and availability. Indicators were statistically normalized and checked for collinearity. For each indicator, we computed and summed percentile ranking scores to create an overall ranking for each tract. Tracts having the same plurality of land cover type form a ‘peer’ group. We re-ranked the tracts into percentiles within each peer group for each indicator. The percentile scores were combined for each tract to obtain a stratified EBI. A higher score reveals a tract with increased environmental burden relative to other tracts of the same peer group. We compared our results to those of related indices, finding good convergent validity between the overall EBI and CalEnviroScreen 4.0. The EBI has many potential applications for research and use as a tool to develop public health interventions at a granular scale. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Public health

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PUMP-AND-TREAT ACCOMPLISHMENTS - A REVIEW OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GROUND-WATER REMEDIATION IN SANTA-CLARA VALLEY, CALIFORNIA

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1995年第2期15卷 140-146页

作者： BARTOW, G DAVENPORT, C Gregory Bartow is an associate engineering geologist at the California Regional Water Quality Control Board San Francisco Bay Region 2101 Webster St. Oakland CA 94612 (510) 286–0741 fax (510) 286–1380 and has worked on toxic cleanup sites since 1988. He graduated with a B.S. in geology from Sonoma State University in 1983 and an M.S. in geology from California State University Hayward in 1988. He is a California registered geologist and certified engineering geologist. Clifton Davenport is a principal hydrogeologist with McLaren/Hart 1135 Atlantic Ave. Alameda CA 94501 a national environmental firm with 13 years of experience in environmental and engineering geology including five years with the California Department of Toxic Substances Control. He is a California registered geologist and certified engineering geologist. He graduated with honors from the University of California Davis geology program in 1981 and completed his master's degree in environmental geology in the evening curriculum at California State University Hayward.

Pump and treat has been successful in significantly reducing the volatile organic contaminant concentrations in ground water in Santa Clara Valley, California. The California Regional Water Quality control Board, San Francisco Bay Region, currently oversees 61 sites in Santa Clara Valley with operating pump-and-treat systems, of which 42 sites have been extracting ground water since at least 1987. This review evaluates the effects of ground water extraction on contaminant concentrations at 37 of those 42 sites. The evaluation focuses on trichloroethane, trichloroethene, and dichloroethane, as these were the most prevalent contaminants encountered at the sites. The majority of sites obtained greater than 90 percent reduction in maximum concentrations for one or more of the three contaminants. While only one of the 37 sites obtained maximum contaminant levels (MCL) for all contaminants, six of the sites included in the analyses reached MCLs for one or more of the sampled contaminants, and an additional seven of the sites are near MCLs for at least one contaminant. Our findings indicate that, while pump and treat successfully reduced maximum concentrations at most of the sites reviewed, successful attempts to reduce maximum contaminant concentrations to below MCLs are limited.

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The Journal of Pediatrics 2001年第3期138卷 451-451页

作者： Robert Pless John F. Risher National Immunization Program Centers for Disease Control Atlanta GA 30333 Division of Toxicology Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Atlanta GA 30333

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Stain technology: Fixative evaluation and histologic appearance of embryonic rodent tissue

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Biotechnic and Histochemistry 1989年第1期64卷 1-8页

作者： Howard, W. Brian Willhite, Calvin C. Smart, Ross A. Toxicology Program Utah State University Logan UT 84322 United States Toxic Substances Control Division California Department of Health Services Utah State University Berkeley CA 94704 2151 Berkeley Way Annex 7 United States Department of Animal Dairy and Veterinary Science Utah State University Logan UT 84322 United States

Histopathologic study of early hamster embryos was carried out after fixation in Zenker's solution, alcoholic formalin, Bouin's fluid, 10% neutral buffered formalin, or 3% glutaraldehyde and staining with hematoxylin and eosin. Fixation in Zenker's fluid followed by postfixation in neutral buffered formalin provided superior preservation of normal embryonic subcellular detail as compared to the other candidate processing techniques. © 1989 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.

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Comparison of Demographic Characteristics and Social Determinants of Health Between Adults With Diagnosed HIV and All Adults in the U.S.

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AJPM Focus 2023年第3期2卷 100115-100115页

作者： Dasgupta, Sharoda McManus, Tim Tie, Yunfeng Lin, Carol Yen-Chin Yuan, Xin Sharpe, J. Danielle Fletcher, Kelly M. Beer, Linda Division of HIV Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States DLH Corporation Atlanta GA United States Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States Epidemic Intelligence Service Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States DRT Strategies Atlanta GA United States Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Geospatial Research Analysis and Services Program Atlanta GA United States

Introduction: Quantifying disparities in social determinants of health between people with HIV and the total population could help address health inequities, and ensure health and well-being among people with HIV in the U.S., but estimates are lacking. Methods: Several representative data sources were used to assess differences in social determinants of health between adults with diagnosed HIV (Centers for Disease control and Prevention Medical Monitoring Project) and the total adult population (U.S. Census Bureau's decennial census, American Community Survey, Household Pulse Survey, the Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplements;the Department of Housing and Urban Development's point-in-time estimates of homelessness;and the Bureau of Justice Statistics). The differences were quantified using standardized prevalence differences and standardized prevalence ratios, adjusting for differences in age, race/ethnicity, and birth sex between people with HIV and the total U.S. population. Results: Overall, 35.6% of people with HIV were living in a household with an income at or below the federal poverty level, and 8.1% recently experienced homelessness. Additionally, 42.9% had Medicaid and 27.6% had Medicare;39.7% were living with a disability. Over half (52.3%) lived in large central metropolitan counties and 20.6% spoke English less than very well based on survey responses. After adjustment, poverty (standardized prevalence difference=25.1%, standardized prevalence ratio=3.5), homelessness (standardized prevalence difference=8.5%, standardized prevalence ratio=43.5), coverage through Medicaid (standardized prevalence difference=29.5%, standardized prevalence ratio=3.0) or Medicare (standardized prevalence difference=7.8%), and disability (standardized prevalence difference=30.3%, standardized prevalence ratio=3.0) were higher among people with HIV than the total U.S. population. The percentage of people with HIV living in large central metropolitan c

关键词： disparities health equity HIV Social determinants of health

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Suspect Screening and Chemical Profile Analysis of Stormwater Runoff Following 2017 Wildfires in Northern California

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Wang, Miaomiao Kinyua, Juliet Jiang, Ting Sedlak, Meg McKee, Lester J. Fadness, Richard Sutton, Rebecca Park, June-Soo California Department of Toxic Substances Control California Environmental Protection Agency 700 Heinz Ave. BerkeleyCA94710 United States Section of Forensic Chemistry Dept. of Forensic Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Frederik V's vej 11 Copenhagen2100 Denmark San Francisco Estuary Institute 4911 Central Ave RichmondCA94804 United States North Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board 5550 Skylane Blvd Ste A Santa RosaCA95403 United States Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences University of California-San Francisco San FranciscoCA94143 United States

The combustion of structures, household materials, pesticides, and firefighting materials during wildfires leads to releases of potentially hazardous chemicals directly onto the landscape. Subsequent rainfall and stormwater runoff events can transport wildfire-related contaminants to downstream receiving waters where they may pose water quality concerns. To evaluate the environmental hazards of recent Northern California fires on the types of contaminants in stormwater, and the resulting potential ecological impact in San Francisco Bay and the coastal marine environment, we analyzed stormwater collected after the Northern California wildfires (October 2017) using a non-targeted analytical (NTA) approach. Liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometric (LC-QTOF-MS) analysis was completed on stormwater samples (n=20) collected from Napa County (impacted by Atlas and Nuns fires), the City of Santa Rosa, and Sonoma County (Nuns and Tubbs fire) during storm events that occurred on November 2017 and January 2018. The NTA approach enabled us to establish profiles of contaminants based on raw peak intensities and chemical categories found in the stormwater samples, and to prioritize significant chemicals within these profiles possibly attributed to the wildfire. The results demonstrated the presence of a wide range of contaminants in the stormwater, including surfactants, per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), certain common chemicals from personal care products (PCPs), pesticides, and chemicals from other consumer products. Homologues of polyethylene glycol (PEGs) were found to be the major contributor to the contaminants, followed by other widely used surfactants. Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs), typically used as surfactants, were also detected and were much higher in samples collected after storm event 1 comparing with storm event 2. The current study provides a comprehensive approach for examining wildfire-impacted stormwater contamination of rela

关键词： Water quality

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EMERGING ROLES OF NIH AND EPA IN THE REGULATION OF RDNA TECHNOLOGY

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BIO-TECHNOLOGY 1983年第9期1卷 757-768页

作者： KORWEK, EL Edward L. Korwek Ph.D. J.D. is associated with the law offices of Keller and Heckman 1150 17th St. N.W. Washington D.C. 20036.REFERENCES Committee on Recombinant DNA "Potential Biohazards of Recombinant DNA Molecules" Nature250: 175 (1974) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.71: 2593 (1974) Science185: 303 (1974).|Article|Fed. Regist.48: 24556 (1983).Milewski E. Editor's Note. Recombinant DNA Tech. Bull.4: i (1981).Inside EPA 4 1 (1983). EPA has already held a meeting and published a draft report on the subject of its regulation of this area under the TSCA. EPA "Administrator's Toxic Substances Advisory Committee Meeting" Fed. Regist.48: 8342 (1983) Regulation of Genetically Engineered Substances Under TSCA Chemical Control Division Office of Toxic Substances Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances Environmental Protection Agency Washington D.C. (March 1982). Congress also recently held a hearing on the subject of existing federal authority over the release of R-DNA-containing organisms into environment. M. Sun Science221: 136 (1983).Sects. 2-30 15 U.S. Code sects. 2601-2629 (1976 and Supp. V 1981). Hereinafter all references in the text to TSCA refer to the section numbers as enacted and not to the corresponding U.S. Code sections.The Administrative Procedure Act specifically states that the reviewing court shall "hold unlawful and set aside agency action findings and conclusions found to be hellip in excess of statutory jurisdiction authority or limitations or short of statutory right. hellip " 5 U.S. Code sect. 706(2)(C) (1976).PHS Act 42 U.S. Code sects. 217a and 241 (1976) Charter Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee Department of Health and Human Services (1982).Korwek E. Food Drug and Cosm. L. J.35: 633 (1980) p. 636.Although DHHS has some authority under Section 361 of the PHS Act to regulate R-DNA materials that cause human disease and are communicable most types of experimentation would not fall into this category. Because of this limitation the Sub committee of the Federal

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