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Spatial data intelligence and city metaverse: A review

Fundamental Research 2025年第3期5卷 1169-1193页

作者： Meng, Xiaofeng Li, Yong Liu, Ke Liu, Yu Yang, Bin Song, Xuan Liao, Guoqiong Wang, Senzhang Yu, Ziqiang Chen, Longbiao Pan, Xiao Lin, Yuming School of Information Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Information Sciences National Natural Science Foundation of China Beijing 100085 China Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China School of Data Science and Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China School of Information Management Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics Nanchang 330013 China School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha 410017 China School of Computer and Control Engineering Yantai University Yantai 264005 China Department of Computer Science Xiamen University Xiamen 361000 China College of Information Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Tiedao University Shijiazhuang 050043 China

Spatial Data Intelligence (SDI) encompasses acquiring, storing, analyzing, mining, and visualizing spatial data to gain insights into the physical world and uncover valuable knowledge. These understandings and knowledge play a crucial role in connecting physical and virtual realms, such as in developing a City Metaverse (CM) aimed at enhancing and optimizing modern urban environments. The advancement of CM holds immense potential to benefit urban dwellers, making research on SDI an increasingly prominent area of focus. This paper contributes significantly by organizing the relevant research and technologies within a coherent framework. Firstly, we identify SDI technologies capable of collecting real-world information to construct a virtual CM. Subsequently, we delve into the technologies that can be compositely integrated with SDI to facilitate interaction with and management of actual cities from the virtual perspective. Additionally, we emphasize the effectiveness and potential of these methods in practical applications. Lastly, we conclude our survey by discussing emerging challenges associated with technological progress, the industrial chain, legal and regulatory aspects, and ethical and moral considerations. © 2024

关键词： Application prospect City metaverse Smart city Spatial data intelligence Virtual-real interaction

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Breakdown of effective-medium theory by a photonic spin Hall effect

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2023年第11期66卷 145-154页

作者： Shuaijie Yuan Xinxing Zhou Yu Chen Yuhan Zhong Lijuan Sheng Hao Hu Hongsheng Chen Ido Kaminer Xiao Lin Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and ApplicationsSchool of Physics and ElectronicsHunan Normal UniversityChangsha410081China International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Material Information Function Devices and Systems of Guangdong ProvinceInstitute of Microscale OptoelectronicsShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and InstrumentationZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China International Joint Innovation Center Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang UniversityZhejiang UniversityHaining314400China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics Ministry of EducationCollege of Electronic and Information EngineeringNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing211106China Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices&Smart Systems of Zhejiang Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang UniversityZhejiang UniversityJinhua321099China Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang UniversityShaoxing312000China Department of Electrical Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa32000Israel

Effective-medium theory pertains to the theoretical modelling of homogenization,which aims to replace an inhomogeneous structure of subwavelength-scale constituents with a homogeneous effective *** effective-medium theory is fundamental to various realms,including electromagnetics and material science,since it can largely decrease the complexity in the exploration of light-matter interactions by providing simple acceptable ***,the effective-medium theory is thought to be applicable to any all-dielectric system with deep-subwavelength constituents,under the condition that the effective medium does not have a critical angle,at which the total internal reflection *** we reveal a fundamental breakdown of the effective-medium theory that can be applied in very general conditions:showing it for deep-subwavelength all-dielectric multilayers even without a critical *** finding relies on an exotic photonic spin Hall effect,which is shown to be ultrasensitive to the stacking order of deep-subwavelength dielectric layers,since the spin-orbit interaction of light is dependent on slight phase accumulations during the wave *** results indicate that the photonic spin Hall effect could provide a promising and powerful tool for measuring structural defects for all-dielectric systems even in the extreme nanometer scale.

关键词： photonic spin Hall effect effective-medium theory spin-orbit interaction of light

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Smart Exploration in Reinforcement Learning using Bounded Uncertainty Models

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： van Hulst, J.S. Heemels, W.P.M.H. Antunes, D.J. Control Systems Technology Section Department of Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful tool for decision-making in uncertain environments, but it often requires large amounts of data to learn an optimal policy. We propose using prior model knowledge to guide the exploration process to speed up this learning process. This model knowledge comes in the form of a model set to which the true transition kernel and reward function belong. We optimize over this model set to obtain upper and lower bounds on the Q-function, which are then used to guide the exploration of the agent. We provide theoretical guarantees on the convergence of the Q-function to the optimal Q-function under the proposed class of exploring policies. Furthermore, we also introduce a data-driven regularized version of the model set optimization problem that ensures the convergence of the class of exploring policies to the optimal policy. Lastly, we show that when the model set has a specific structure, namely the bounded-parameter MDP (BMDP) framework, the regularized model set optimization problem becomes convex and simple to implement. In this setting, we also show that we obtain finite-time convergence to the optimal policy under additional assumptions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed exploration strategy in a simulation study. The results indicate that the proposed method can significantly speed up the learning process in reinforcement learning. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Uncertainty analysis

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Position-Dependent Snap Feedforward: A Gaussian Process Framework

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： van Haren, Max Poot, Maurice Portegies, Jim Oomen, Tom The Control Systems Technology Section Department of Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands The Centre for Analysis Scientific Computing and Applications Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands The Delft Center for Systems and Control Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands

Mechatronic systems have increasingly high performance requirements for motion control. The low-frequency contribution of the flexible dynamics, i.e. the compliance, should be compensated for by means of snap feedforward to achieve high accuracy. Position-dependent compliance, which often occurs in motion systems, requires the snap feedforward parameter to be modeled as a function of position. Position-dependent compliance is compensated for by using a Gaussian process to model the snap feedforward parameter as a continuous function of position. A simulation of a flexible beam shows that a significant performance increase is achieved when using the Gaussian process snap feedforward parameter to compensate for position-dependent compliance. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Flexible structures

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Traction powered multiport DC-DC converter for bidirectional EV charging application – HIL simulation results

Traction powered multiport DC-DC converter for bidirectional...

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Compatibility in Power electronics (CPE)

作者： Mykola Lukianov Enrique Romero Cadaval Oleksandr Matiushkin Ryszard Strzelecki Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering Gdańsk University of Technology Gdańsk Poland Power Electrical and Electronic Systems R+D Group University of Extremadura Badajoz Spain Department of Electrical Power Engineering and Mechatronics Tallinn University of Technology Tallinn Estonia Faculty of Electrical Engineering Gdynia Maritime University Gdynia Poland

ISBN: (数字)9798331515171

ISBN: (纸本)9798331515188

The limited availability of public electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure poses a significant challenge to EV adoption in urban areas. This underscores the need for cost-effective solutions that enable charging for a large number of EVs, particularly for multiterminal charging stations. One promising approach to reducing installation costs is the implementation of a current-fed multi-active bridge multiport converter, powered by existing DC traction infrastructure. The use of a multiport converter allows for sharing electric components between several ports, reducing total number of elements required, compared to conventional systems, where each EV charger relies on a separate converter. Additionally, connection to the DC traction grid enables sharing some of the substation equipment between the traction network and the EV charger, further lowering installation costs while providing additional benefits, such as DC grid voltage stabilization and transit transport braking energy recuperation. In the case studied in the paper, the use of the converter reduced catenary voltage drops by $10 \%$ and voltage surges by $30 \%$, compared to $\pm 35 \%$ in the base scenario (without a converter).

关键词： Power engineering Costs Substations Hardware-in-the-loop simulation Urban areas Voltage DC-DC power converters Electric vehicle charging Traction power supplies Surges

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Innate Cyber-Immunity and Acquired Cyber-Immunity across Multi-Area Power systems

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IEEE Transactions on Power systems 2025年

作者： Hou, Jiazuo Song, Yue Hou, Yunhe Peng, Jimmy Chih-Hsien National University of Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Singapore Tongji University Department of Control Science and Engineering National Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology Shanghai201804 China The University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hong Kong University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation Shenzhen518057 China

Organisms have evolved innate and acquired immune systems to defend against pathogens like coronaviruses. Similarly, power networks, threatened by cyber-attacks, desire cyber-immunity. Inspired by the immunology research, this study develops a cyber-immune strategy-characterizing innate cyber-immunity and establishing acquired cyber-immunity-for any selected portion of a power network (termed as power subnetwork) against stealthy false data injection (FDI) cyberattacks. Therein, without extrinsic protection and information asymmetry, this paper for the first time confirms the existence and provides closed-form conditions for power subnetworks that are innately immune to FDI cyber-attacks despite all measurements being compromised. Single-leader-multi-follower bi-level optimization models are then developed to strategically allocate measurement protection, leading to the acquired cyber-immunity, whose conditions for existence and the least cost are explicitly formulated. More importantly, a bi-directional cyber-immunity propagation mechanism is presented to provide the optimal spatial allocation of defense resources across adjacent subnetworks. It also explicitly determines the temporal allocation sequence, revealing its sequential and cumulative impacts on establishing cyber-immunity. This is achieved by designing recursive traversal algorithms, one of which is modelled as a post-order depth-first-search problem of a multi-fork tree. The proposed subnetwork-specific cyber-immune strategy is verified in a modified Australian National Electricity Market. © 1969-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Phishing

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Robust Finite-Time Containment of Networked Heterogeneous Nonlinear systems with Intermittent Measurement Only

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IEEE Transactions on Network Science and engineering 2025年

作者： Tian, Biao Zhang, Hao Cui, Peiyu Wang, Zhuping Yan, Huaicheng Shanghai Key Laboratory of Wearable Robotics and Human-Machine Interaction Tongji University College of Electronic and Information Engineering Department of Control Science and Engineering Shanghai201804 China Ministry of Education Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology National Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems Frontiers Science Center for Intelligent Autonomous Systems China East China University of Science and Technology School of Information Science and Engineering Shanghai200237 China

The robust finite-time containment problem of fully heterogeneous multiagent systems with uncertainties is often challenging, especially when only intermittent output measurement is used. To address the issue posed by the nonidentical system dynamics of multiple leaders, which makes the traditional distributed estimator form for the convex hull inapplicable, a distributed finite-time estimator is constructed for each follower to extract the system matrices and states of leaders. Then, in the output-triggering setting, a finite-time extended state observer driven by intermittent output measurement is developed to reconstruct the uncertainties and unmeasurable states of followers. Meanwhile, the non-continuous output measurement will lead to the differentiation of virtual control laws undefined. To solve this issue, a filtering compensation scheme-based finitetime controller via the backstepping technique is developed for nonlinear followers, ensuring practical finite-time stability (PFTS) of the closed-loop system. It is shown that the proposed algorithm steers each follower into the preset convex combination spanned by the positions of multiple leaders. The capability of the exploited control protocol is verified through simulations and experiments. 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Backstepping

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Optimal Design and Tuning of Novel Fractional Order Fuzzy PID Power System Stabilizer for SMIB Power System Using African Vulture Optimization Algorithm

Optimal Design and Tuning of Novel Fractional Order Fuzzy PI...

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International Conference on systems and control (ICSC)

作者： Intissar Hattabi Aissa Kheldoun Rafik Bradai Soufiane Khettab Electrical and control Department SET Laboratory Faculty of Technology Blida 1 University Blida Algeria Laboratory of Signals & Systems Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University M'hamed Bougara Boumerdes Algeria Electronics Department LATSI Faculty of Technology Blida 1 University Blida Algeria

ISBN: (数字)9798331531812

ISBN: (纸本)9798331531829

This paper presents PSS (Power system stabilizer) design based on fractional order fuzzy PID (FOFPID). The proposed PSS architecture design is considered for single-machine infinite bus power system. The primary goal of this design is to reduce or stabilize low-frequency oscillation in power systems. Initially, talking about fractional PID control. Next, combining it with a fuzzy logic controller. The African vulture optimization algorithm (AVOA) is then used to fine-tune the FOFPID parameters $(K_{e},K_{d},K_{PI},K_{PD},\mu,\lambda)$ in order to achieve the best possible global stability. The findings of the simulation validate that the system is effective in improving the stability of the generator connected to the infinite power supply.

关键词： Time-frequency analysis Power supplies Metaheuristics Rotors Power system stability Generators Stability analysis Time-domain analysis Oscillators Tuning

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Robustifying Event-Triggered control to Measurement Noise

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Scheres, Koen J.A. Postoyan, Romain Maurice Heemels, W.P.H. The Control Systems Technology Section Department Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands The Université de Lorraine CNRS CRAN NancyF-54000 France

While many event-triggered control strategies are available in the literature, most of them are designed ignoring the presence of measurement noise. As measurement noise is omnipresent in practice and can have detrimental effects, for instance, by inducing Zeno behavior in the closed-loop system and with that the lack of a positive lower bound on the inter-event times, rendering the event-triggered control design practically useless, it is of great importance to address this gap in the literature. To do so, we present a general framework for set stabilization of (distributed) event-triggered control systems affected by additive measurement noise. It is shown that, under general conditions, Zeno-free static as well as dynamic triggering rules can be designed such that the closed-loop system satisfies an input-to-state practical set stability property. We ensure Zeno-freeness by proving the existence of a uniform strictly positive lower-bound on the minimum inter-event time. The general framework is applied to point stabilization and consensus problems as particular cases, where we show that, under similar assumptions as the original work, existing schemes can be redesigned to robustify them to measurement noise. Consequently, using this framework, noise-robust triggering conditions can be designed both from the ground up and by simple redesign of several important existing schemes. Simulation results are provided that illustrate the strengths of this novel approach. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Closed loop systems

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Review on recent progress in on-line monitoring technology for atmospheric pollution source emissions in China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第1期123卷 367-386页

作者： Huanqin Wang Jitong Zhou Xue Li Qiang Ling Hongyuan Wei Lei Gao Ying He Ming Zhu Xiao Xiao Youjiang Liu Shan Li Chilai Chen Guotao Duan Zhimin Peng Peili Zhou Yufeng Duan Jianbing Wang Tongzhu Yu Yixin Yang Jiguang Wang Zhen Zhou Huaqiao Gui Yanjun Ding State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology Institute of Intelligent MachinesHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Department of Automation University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China China Automotive Technology and Research Center Tianjin 300300China Institute of Solid State Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China School of Electronic Information and Communications Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory of Power Systems Department of Energy and Power EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education School of Energy and EnvironmentSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096China School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China

Emissions from mobile sources and stationary sources contribute to atmospheric pollution in China,and its components,which include ultrafine particles(UFPs),volatile organic compounds(VOCs),and other reactive gases,such as NH3and NOx,are the most harmful to human *** has released various regulations and standards to address pollution from mobile and stationary ***,it is urgent to develop online monitoring technology for atmospheric pollution source *** study provides an overview of the main progress in mobile and stationary source monitoring technology in China and describes the comprehensive application of some typical instruments in vital areas in recent *** instruments have been applied to monitor emissions from motor vehicles,ships,airports,the chemical industry,and electric power *** only has the level of atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment been improving,but relevant regulations and standards have also been constantly ***,the developed instruments can provide scientific assistance for the successful implementation of *** to the potential problem areas in atmospheric pollution in China,some research hotspots and future trends of atmospheric online monitoring technology are ***,more advanced atmospheric online monitoring technology will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of atmospheric pollution and improve environmental monitoring capacity.

关键词： Atmospheric pollution Mobile sources Stationary sources On-line monitoring technology

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