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arXiv 2025年

作者： Jo, Sanghyun Lee, Ziseok Lee, Wooyeol Kim, Kyungsu OGQ Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Biomedical Sciences Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of School of Transdisciplinary Innovations Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of

Achieving precise panoptic segmentation heavily relies on pixel-wise instance annotations, but obtaining such datasets is costly. Unsupervised instance segmentation (UIS) eliminates annotation requirements but struggles with adjacent instance merging and single-instance fragmentation, largely due to the limitations of DINO-based backbones, which lack strong instance separation cues. Weakly-supervised panoptic segmentation (WPS) reduces annotation costs by using sparse labels (e.g., points, boxes), yet these annotations remain expensive and introduce human bias and boundary errors, limiting performance. To address these challenges, we propose DiffEGG (Diffusion-Driven EdGe Generation), a fully annotation-free method that extracts instance-aware features from pretrained diffusion models to generate precise instance edge maps. DiffEGG fundamentally differs from prior UIS and WPS approaches by leveraging pretrained diffusion models as a backbone. Unlike DINO-based UIS methods, diffusion models inherently capture fine-grained, instance-aware features, enabling more precise boundary delineation. DiffEGG further enhances edge connectivity through self-supervised fine-tuning, progressively improving instance separation. For WPS, DiffEGG completely eliminates annotation costs and human bias by operating without any form of manual supervision, addressing the key limitations of prior best methods. Additionally, we introduce RIP, a post-processing technique that fuses DiffEGG’s edge maps with segmentation masks in a task-agnostic manner. This broad applicability allows DiffEGG to be seamlessly integrated into various segmentation frameworks. When applied to UIS, DiffEGG and RIP achieve an average +4.4 AP improvement over prior best UIS methods. When combined with weakly-supervised semantic segmentation (WSS), DiffEGG enables WPS without instance annotations, outperforming prior best point-supervised WPS methods by +1.7 PQ. These results demonstrate that DiffEGG’s edge maps serv

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Meter-scale heterostructure printing for high-toughness fiber electrodes in intelligent digital apparel

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Nature Communications 2025年第1期16卷 1-10页

作者： Lee, Gun-Hee Lee, Yunheum Seo, Hyeonyeob Jo, Kyunghyun Yeo, Jinwook Kim, Semin Bae, Jae-Young Kim, Chul Majidi, Carmel Kang, Jiheong Kang, Seung-Kyun Ryu, Seunghwa Park, Seongjun Medical Research Center Seoul National University Seoul South Korea Departments of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering and Optics & Mechatronics Engineering Pusan National University Busan South Korea Department of Bio and Brain Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon South Korea Program of Brain and Cognitive Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon South Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon South Korea Graduate School of Semiconductor Technology Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon South Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National University Seoul South Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA United States Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul Seoul South Korea School of Transdisciplinary Innovations Seoul National University Seoul South Korea Department of Biomedical Science College of Medicine Seoul National University Seoul South Korea Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering College of Engineering Seoul National University Seoul South Korea Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine Seoul National University Hospital Seoul South Korea

Intelligent digital apparel, which integrates electronic functionalities into clothing, represents the future of healthcare and ubiquitous control in wearable devices. Realizing such apparel necessitates developing meter-scale conductive fibers with high toughness, conductivity, stable conductance under deformation, and mechanical durability. In this study, we present a heterostructure printing method capable of producing meter-scale (~50 m) biphasic conductive fibers that meet these criteria. Our approach involves encapsulating deformable liquid metal particles (LMPs) within a functionalized thermoplastic polyurethane matrix. This encapsulation induces in situ assembly of LMPs during fiber formation, creating a heterostructure that seamlessly integrates the matrix’s durability with the LMPs’ superior electrical performance. Unlike rigid conductive materials, deformable LMPs offer stretchability and toughness with a low gauge factor. Through precise twisting using an engineered annealing machine, multiple fiber strands are transformed into robust, electrically stable meter-scale electrodes. This advancement enhances their practicality in various intelligent digital apparel applications, such as stretchable displays, wearable healthcare systems, and digital controls. © The Author(s) 2025.

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Integrated tidal power potential in the Seto Inland Sea in Japan with cost–benefit analysis

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Applied Energy 2025年 395卷

作者： Morhaf Aljber Han Soo Lee Jae-Soon Jeong Coastal Hazards and Energy System Science Laboratory Graduate School of Innovation and Practice for Smart Society Hiroshima University 1-5-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8529 Hiroshima Japan Center for Planetary Health and Innovation Science (PHIS) IDEC Institute Hiroshima University Japan Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Japan

Tidal power generation (TPG) provides a predictable and stable energy supply, making it a valuable complement to variable renewable sources such as solar and wind. However, its commercial viability remains constrained by high capital costs, complex installation requirements, and limited specialised infrastructure. This study assesses the economic feasibility of TPG in the Seto Inland Sea in Japan using the levelised cost of energy (LCOE) as a benchmark for competitiveness. The findings indicated that with a 10 % discount rate, the LCOE ave is approximately 85,990 ¥/MWh, whereas a 5 % discount rate reduces it to 31,088 ¥/MWh. The estimated annual energy production (AEP) was 374,640 MWh, sufficient to supply 89,735 households, with an equivalent CO₂ reduction of approximately 166,000 tons per year. Achieving cost competitiveness for TPGs requires large-scale deployment and supportive government incentives. Expanding infrastructure and leveraging economies of volume are crucial for reducing costs and enabling broader adoption. Despite existing challenges, TPG holds significant potential for enhancing Japan's energy security and contributing to its decarbonisation goals. This potential depends on effective grid integration, strong policy support, and sustained strategic investment.

关键词： Tidal power competitiveness Levelised cost of energy Marine renewable price Sustainable energy transition LCOE Carbone neutrality

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Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) potential in central American and Caribbean regions: A multicriteria analysis for optimal sites

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Applied Energy 2025年 394卷

作者： Manuel Soto Calvo Han Soo Lee Coastal Hazards and Energy System Science Laboratory Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1-5-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8529 Hiroshima Japan Center for Planetary Health and Innovation Science (PHIS) The IDEC institute Hiroshima University Japan Smart Energy Graduate School of Innovation and Practice for Smart Society Hiroshima University Japan

This study presents a comprehensive basin-wide assessment of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) potential in Central America and the Caribbean region, integrating high-resolution oceanographic data from the Copernicus Marine Service with advanced technoeconomic modelling. The analysis employs a multicriteria approach combining thermal resource assessment, technical feasibility evaluation, and detailed economic analysis across the entire Caribbean Basin. The results identify several high-potential areas, particularly along Mexico's Caribbean coast, the Greater Antilles (notably Cuba's southeastern coast), and the Lesser Antilles chain, with temperature differentials reaching over 25 °C in high-potential areas and maintaining levels consistently above 24 °C year-round. For utility-scale OTEC plants, the analysis reveals potential annual electricity generation ranging from 400 to 933 GWh/year per territory, with optimal levelized cost of energy (LCOE) values between 120 and 350 $/MWh at the most favourable locations and net power efficiencies of 2.5–3 %. The study quantifies key technical parameters and identifies five distinct regional clusters with varying characteristics, suggesting the need for tailored implementation strategies. Economic analysis indicates that heat exchangers and cold-water pipes represent approximately 55.4 % of the total CAPEX, whereas Monte Carlo risk assessment reveals that project viability is most sensitive to capital cost variations and capacity factor uncertainties. The research demonstrated high plant availability, with capacity factors exceeding 85 % in optimal locations, suggesting that OTEC could serve as a viable baseload renewable energy option for many Caribbean territories. This comprehensive assessment provides a robust framework for evaluating OTEC potential in tropical maritime regions while offering actionable insights for policymakers and energy planners considering OTEC as part of their renewable energy portfolio.

关键词： Heat generation

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Assessment of Potential Tidal Power Sites in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan Using Multi-criteria Evaluation 1

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9th International Conference on Energy and Environment Research, ICEER 2022

作者： Aljber, Morhaf Sakanoue, Ginga Jeong, Jae-Soon Cabrera, Jonathan Salar Lee, Han Soo Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering 1-5-1 Kagamiyama Hiroshima Higashi-Hiroshima739-8529 Japan The IDEC Institute Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan

ISBN: (数字)9783031435591

ISBN: (纸本)9783031435584

This paper is an analytical study of the optimal locations for tidal power generation in the Seto Inland Sea (SIS) in Japan. Multiple criteria were considered and evaluated to determine the optimal locations in the SIS to deploy tidal turbines. The tidal current speed was considered in a position of 30 m depth below the sea surface, given that most of the current commercial turbines are functioning between 20 and 50 m underwater. Also, the distance from ports and the coastlines was included for the installation and maintenance of tidal devices. The distance from existing power generation plants is also considered for the outcome energy to be easily inserted into the grid. Further, renewable energy resources from wind and surface waves are also considered in the analysis for the potentiality of a combined power generation. The national parks and restricted areas were eliminated from the selection process. The assessment process was conducted using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in combination with GIS-based spatial analysis. The results illustrated that Kurushima Strait, Bisan Strait, Naruto Strait, and Akashi Strait are suitable locations for tidal power generation. Moreover, Bungo Channel and Kii Channel are highlighted as potential sites for wind-wave power generation sites. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.

关键词： Analytic hierarchy process

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Self-packaged stretchable printed circuits with ligand-bound liquid metal particles in elastomer

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Nature Communications 2025年第1期16卷 1-11页

作者： Hyeonyeob Seo Gun-Hee Lee Dong-Yeong Kim Kum Seok Nam Jiwoo Park Yeonzu Son Semin Kim Congqi Yang Seongjun Park Joonhee Won Hyunjun Kim Steve Park Jae-Young Bae Seung-Kyun Kang Jiheong Kang Department of Bio and Brain Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea Departments of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering Pusan National University Busan Republic of Korea Departments of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering Pusan National University Busan Republic of Korea School of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea Program of Brain and Cognitive Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon South Korea Graduate School of Semiconductor Technology Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea Medical Research Center Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea School of Transdisciplinary Innovations Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering College of Engineering Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine Seoul National University Hospital Seoul South Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea KAIST Institute for NanoCentury Daejeon Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea

Packaging in stretchable electronics is crucial to protect components from environmental damage while preserving mechanical flexibility and providing electrical insulation. The conventional packaging process involves multiple steps that increase in complexity as the number of circuit layers multiply. In this study, we introduce a self-packaged stretchable printed circuit board enabled by the in situ phase separation of liquid metal particles (LMPs) within various polymer matrices during solution-based printing processes. The ligand-bound LMPs (LB-LMPs), engineered to inhibit oxide growth, undergo in situ sintering, prompting vertical phase separation. This synthesis strategy not only achieves high initial conductivity of the LMPs but also encapsulates them within the polymer matrix, preventing leakage and providing electrical insulation. Our method enables multi-layer circuit printing, eliminating the need for additional activation and packaging processes. Furthermore, by integrating conductive materials into packaging layers for selective electrical conductivity, vertical interconnect accesses and conductive pads can be formed, enabling large-scale, stretchable, and leakage-free multi-layer electrical circuits and bio-interfaces.

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MedRep: Medical Concept Representation for General Electronic Health Record Foundation Models

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Kim, Junmo Lee, Namkyeong Kim, Jiwon Kim, Kwangsoo Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering Seoul National University Korea Republic of Dept. of Industrial and Systems Engineering KAIST Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program of Medical Informatics Seoul National University Korea Republic of Dept. of Transdisciplinary Medicine ICMIT Seoul National University Hospital Korea Republic of Center for Data Science Healthcare AI Research Institute Seoul National University Hospital Korea Republic of Dept. of Medicine College of Medicine Seoul National University Korea Republic of

Electronic health record (EHR) foundation models have been an area ripe for exploration with their improved performance in various medical tasks. Despite the rapid advances, there exists a fundamental limitation: Processing unseen medical codes out of the vocabulary. This problem limits the generality of EHR foundation models and the integration of models trained with different vocabularies. To deal with this problem, we propose MedRep for EHR foundation models based on the observational medical outcome partnership (OMOP) common data model (CDM), providing the integrated medical concept representations and the basic data augmentation strategy for patient trajectories. For concept representation learning, we enrich the information of each concept with a minimal definition through large language model (LLM) prompts and enhance the text-based representations through graph ontology of OMOP vocabulary. Trajectory augmentation randomly replaces selected concepts with other similar concepts that have closely related representations to let the model practice with the concepts out-of-vocabulary. Finally, we demonstrate that EHR foundation models trained with MedRep better maintain the prediction performance in external datasets. Our code implementation is publicly available at https://***/kicarussays/MedRep. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electronic health record

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Phase-change metal ink with pH-controlled chemical sintering for versatile and scalable fabrication of variable stiffness electronics

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science Advances 2025年第22期11卷

作者： Simok Lee Gun-Hee Lee Inho Kang Woojin Jeon Semin Kim Yejin Ahn Choong Yeon Kim Do A Kwon Michael D. Dickey Steve Park Seongjun Park Jae-Woong Jeong School of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea. Medical Research Center Seoul National University Seoul 03080 Republic of Korea. Departments of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering and Optics and Mechatronics Engineering Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea. Graduate School of Semiconductor Technology Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea. KAIST Information and Electronics Research Institute Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea. Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge MA 02139 USA. Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge MA 02139 USA. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University (NCSU) Raleigh NC 27606 USA. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea. KAIST Institute for NanoCentury Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea. Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine Seoul National University Seoul 03080 Republic of Korea. School of Transdisciplinary Innovations Seoul National University Seoul 03080 Republic of Korea. Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering College of Engineering Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea. Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine Seoul National University Hospital Seoul 03080 Republic of Korea. KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea.

Variable stiffness electronics represent the forefront of adaptive technology, integrating rigid and soft electronics in a single system through dynamic mechanical modulation. While gallium’s high modulus tuning ratio and rapid phase transitions make it ideal for transformative electronic systems (TES), its liquid-state instability, high surface tension, and unintended phase transitions during processing pose substantial challenges. Here, we introduce STiffness-Adjustable temperature-Responsive ink (STAR ink), a chemically sinterable gallium composite electronic ink designed to overcome these obstacles. STAR ink enables high-resolution (~50 micrometers) circuit patterning, large-scale batch fabrication, and three-dimensional structure coating at room temperature. Through pH-controlled chemical sintering, STAR ink–based TES exhibits exceptional mechanical tunability (tuning ratio: 1465) and electrical conductivity (2.27 × 106 siemens per meter). Demonstrated applications—from multilayered variable stiffness printed circuit boards (PCBs) matching standard PCBs’ complexity to body-temperature responsive neural probe—underscore STAR ink’s potential for reconfigurable electronics across consumer electronics and biomedical devices.

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SU-E-T-717: Surface Coating for Prevention of Metallic Seed Migration in Tissues

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Medical Physics 2015年第6PART23期42卷 3501-3502页

作者： H Lee W Lee J Park Y Choy S Ye Program in Biomedical Radiation Sciences Department of Transdisciplinary Studies Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology Seoul National University Seoul Korea Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering Seoul National University College of Engineering Seoul Korea Department of Biomedical Engineering Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea Department of Radiation Oncology Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Korea

Purpose: In radiotherapy, metallic implants often detach from their deposited sites and migrate to other locations. This undesirable migration could cause inadequate dose coverage for permanent brachytherapy and difficulties in image-guided radiation delivery for patients. To prevent migration of implanted seeds, we propose a potential strategy to use of a biocompatible and tissue-adhesive material called polydopamine. Methods: In this study, non-radioactive dummy seeds that have the same geometry and composition as commercial I-125 seeds were coated in polydopamine. Using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the surface of the polydopamine-coated and non-coated seeds was characterized. The detachment stress between the two types of seeds and the tissue was measured. The efficacy of polydopamine-coated seed was investigated through in-vitro migration tests by tracing the seed location after tissue implantation and shaking for given times. The cytotoxicity of the polydopamine coating was also evaluated. Results: The results of the coating characterization have shown that polydopamine was successfully coated on the surface of the seeds. In the adhesion test, the polydopamine-coated seeds had 2.1-fold greater detachment stress than non-coated seeds. From the in-vitro test, it was determined that the polydopamine-coated seed migrated shorter distances than the non-coated seed. This difference was increased with a greater length of time after implantation. Conclusion: We suggest that polydopamine coating is an effective technique to prevent migration of implanted seeds, especially for permanent prostate brachytherapy.

关键词： Tissues Brachytherapy Dosimetry Metallic coatings Scanning electron microscopy Biocompatibility Image guided radiation therapy Medical imaging X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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Social network analysis of manga: similarities to real-world social networks and trends over decades

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Sugishita, Kashin Masuda, Naoki Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo152-8550 Japan Department of Mathematics State University of New York at Buffalo BuffaloNY14260-2900 United States Computational and Data-Enabled Science and Engineering Program State University of New York at Buffalo BuffaloNY14260-5030 United States Center for Computational Social Science Kobe University Kobe657-8501 Japan

Manga, Japanese comics, has been popular on a global scale. Social networks among characters, which are often called character networks, may be a significant contributor to their popularity. We collected data from 162 popular manga that span over 70 years and analyzed their character networks. First, we found that many of static and temporal properties of the character networks are similar to those of real human social networks. Second, the character networks of most manga are protagonist-centered such that a single protagonist interacts with the majority of other characters. Third, the character networks for manga mainly targeting boys have shifted to denser and less protagonist-centered networks and with fewer characters over decades. Manga mainly targeting girls showed the opposite trend except for the downward trend in the number of characters. The present study, which relies on manga data sampled on an unprecedented scale, paves the way for further population studies of character networks and other aspects of comics. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Population statistics

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