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Spatio-Temporal Evaluation of Urban Growth and Surface Urban Heat Island from 2000 to 2019 in Java Island, Indonesia

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SSRN

SSRN 2023年

作者： Fajary, Faiz Rohman Lee, Han Soo Kubota, Tetsu Bhanage, Vinayak Pradana, Radyan Putra Nimiya, Hideyo Dewa Gede, I. Arya Putra Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1-5-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima739-8529 Japan Atmospheric Science Research Group Faculty of Earth Science and Technology Institut Teknologi Bandung West Java Bandung40132 Indonesia The IDEC Institute Hiroshima University 1-5-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima739-8529 Japan Graduate School of Science and Engineering Kagoshima University 1-21-40 Korimoto Kagoshima890-0065 Japan Jl. Angkasa 1 No. 2 Kec. Kemayoran Jakarta10610 Indonesia

This study aims to classify land use and land cover (LULC) and analyze urban growth and its effects on urban heat island using remote sensing in the western part of Java Island and the three focused urban areas: Jakarta metropolitan area (JMA), Bandung and Cimahi municipalities (BC), and Sukabumi municipality (SKB). Landsat imagery with 30 m spatial resolution from three years was used: 2000, 2009, and 2019. For LULC classification, the support vector machine method delivers good accuracy. The city clustering algorithm was adopted to define the urban area for surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) calculation. In the last two decades, urban areas have grown by more than twice in JMA and SKB and nearly 1.5 times in BC. Along with the urban growth, SUHII in JMA increases from 1.94 to 3.71 ºC, similar to BC but with a lower magnitude. Meanwhile, it fluctuates between 3.05 and 3.56 ºC in SKB. For the unchanged urban pixels, the LST exhibits positive linear trends with magnitudes of 0.25, 0.16, and 0.14 ºC/year in JMA, SKB, and BC, respectively. The findings of this study will be valuable to the government in evaluating and planning sustainable cities. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Urban growth

Discovery of two infrared objects with strong ice absorption in the AKARI slit-less spectroscopic survey of the Galactic Plane

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Onaka, Takashi Kimura, Tomoyuki Sakon, Itsuki Shimonishi, Takashi Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Engineering Meisei University 2-1-1 Hodokubo Hino Tokyo191-8506 Japan Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan Center for Transdisciplinary Research Niigata University Ikarashi-nihoncho 8050 Nishi-ku Niigata950-2181 Japan Environmental Science Program Department of Science Faculty of Science Niigata University Ikarashi-nihoncho 8050 Nishi-ku Niigata950-2181 Japan

We discover two infrared objects that show deep absorption features of H2O, CO2, and CO ices in the AKARI/Infrared Camera (IRC) slit-less spectroscopic survey of the Galactic plane in 2.5-13 µm. Both objects are located neither in known star-forming regions nor in known dense clouds. For one of the objects, Object 1, we successfully extract a spectrum from 2.5 to 13 µm, which also shows several absorption features in 5-13 µm, including deep silicate absorption at 10 µm. For the other object, Object 2, only a spectrum from 3.1 to 5 µm is reliably extracted due to the presence of nearby overlapping objects and faint nebulosity. Both objects show warm (> 100 K) CO gas absorption in addition to the ice absorption features, suggesting that they are embedded young stellar objects (YSOs). On the other hand, both objects have spectral energy distributions (SEDs) that peak at around 5 µm and decrease towards longer wavelengths. These characteristics of the SEDs and the presence of deep absorption features cannot easily be accounted for by standard YSO models. They may be explained as background stars behind dense clouds. We discuss possible nature of the objects and implications of the present discovery. © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Ice

Imputation of missing values for generating typical meteorological year (TMY) with data decomposition and recurrent neural networks

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental science 2022年第1期1007卷

作者： K Chreng H S Lee R P Pradana T Q Trong I D G Arya Putra H Nimiya Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1-5-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8529 Japan Division of Planning and Technique Electricité du Cambodge Phnom Penh Cambodia Center for Research and Development Indonesian Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) Jakarta Indonesia Graduate School of Science and Engineering Kagoshima University Kagoshima Japan

Typical meteorological year (TMY) for a specific location is critical information when designing low-carbon and energy-saving buildings. However, in developing countries, long-term observations of weather are now readily available and even mixed with missing values. In this study, a nonlinear autoregressive (NAR) recurrent neural network model in combination with improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN) method is demonstrated for treating the missing values in observed daily average air temperature at Bogor City in Indonesia. The prediction results for missing values indicate that the ICEEMDAN-NAR hybrid model performs very well with high accuracy when compared with the observed in the validation and model comparison phases. Particularly, the relatively lower frequency oscillation modes in observed data can be predicted well. Thus, this method can be used for relatively medium- and long-term prediction of missing values with respect to the given data/input period. critical to consider cities and buildings from the eyes of older people in society.

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Chemistry and physics of a low-metallicity hot core in the Large Magellanic Cloud

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Shimonishi, Takashi Das, Ankan Sakai, Nami Tanaka, Kei E.I. Aikawa, Yuri Onaka, Takashi Watanabe, Yoshimasa Nishimura, Yuri Center for Transdisciplinary Research Niigata University Ikarashi-ninocho 8050 Nishi-ku Niigata950-2181 Japan Environmental Science Program Department of Science Faculty of Science Niigata University Ikarashi-ninocho 8050 Nishi-ku Niigata950-2181 Japan Indian Centre for Space Physics 43 Chalantika Garia Station Road Kolkata700084 India RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama351-0198 Japan Department of Earth and Space Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka560-0043 Japan ALMA Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Engineering 2-1-1 Hodokubo Hino Tokyo191-0042 Japan College of Engineering Nihon University 1 Nakagawara Tokusada Tamuramachi Koriyama Fukushima963-8642 Japan Institute of Astronomy University of Tokyo 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-0015 Japan

We here present the results of 0.1 pc-scale observations in 250 and 350 GHz towards a newly-discovered hot molecular core in a nearby low-metallicity galaxy, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. A variety of C/N/O/Si/S-bearing molecules are detected towards the high-mass young stellar object, ST16. A rotating protostellar envelope is for the first time detected outside our Galaxy by SO2 and 34SO lines. An outflow cavity is traced by CCH and CN. The isotope abundance of sulfur in the source is estimated to be 32S/34S = 17 and 32S/33S = 53 based on SO, SO2, and CS isotopologues, suggesting that both 34S and 33S are overabundant in the LMC. Rotation diagram analyses show that the source is associated with hot gas (>100 K) traced by high-excitation lines of CH3OH and SO2, as well as warm gas (∼50 K) traced by CH3OH, SO2, 34SO, OCS, CH3CN lines. A comparison of molecular abundances between LMC and Galactic hot cores suggests that organic molecules (e.g., CH3OH, a classical hot core tracer) show a large abundance variation in low metallicity, where the present source is classified into an organic-poor hot core. Our astrochemical simulations suggest that different grain temperature during the initial ice-forming stage would contribute to the chemical differentiation. In contrast, SO2 shows similar abundances within all the known LMC hot cores and the typical abundance roughly scales with the LMC's metallicity. Nitrogen-bearing molecules are generally less abundant in the LMC hot cores, except for NO. The present results suggest that chemical compositions of hot cores do not always simply scale with the metallicity. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Astrophysics

Chemical complexity of phosphorous bearing species in various regions of the interstellar medium

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Sil, Milan Srivastav, Satyam Bhat, Bratati Mondal, Suman Kumar Gorai, Prasanta Ghosh, Rana Shimonishi, Takashi Chakrabarti, Sandip K. Sivaraman, Bhalamurugan Pathak, Amit Nakatani, Naoki Furuya, Kenji Das, Ankan Indian Centre for Space Physics 43 Chalantika Garia Station Road Kolkata700084 India Department of Physics Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi221005 India Department of Space Earth & Environment Chalmers University of Technology GothenburgSE-412 96 Sweden Center for Transdisciplinary Research Niigata University Nishi-ku Niigata950-2181 Japan Environmental Science Program Department of Science Faculty of Science Niigata University Nishi-ku Niigata950-2181 Japan Physical Research Laboratory Navrangpura Ahmedabad380009 India Institute for Catalysis Hokkaido University N21W10 Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido001-0021 Japan Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji Tokyo192-0397 Japan Center for Computational Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba305-8577 Japan National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Tokyo181-8588 Japan

Phosphorus related species are not known to be as omnipresent in space as hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur-bearing species. Astronomers spotted very few P-bearing molecules in the interstellar medium and circumstellar envelopes. Limited discovery of the P-bearing species imposes severe constraints in modeling the P-chemistry. In this paper, we carry out extensive chemical models to follow the fate of P-bearing species in diffuse clouds, photon-dominated or photodissociation regions (PDRs), and hot cores/corinos. We notice a curious correlation between the abundances of PO and PN and atomic nitrogen. Since N atoms are comparatively abundant in diffuse clouds and PDRs than in the hot core/corino region, PO/PN reflects 1 in the late warm-up evolutionary phase of the hot core/corino regions. During the end of the post-warm-up phase, we obtain PO/PN > 1 for hot core and 3along with various impurities. We notice that SO2overlaps with the PH3bending-scissoring modes around ∼ (1000 - 1100) cm-1. We also find that the presence of CO2can strongly influence the intensity of the stretching modes around ∼ 2400 cm-1of PH3 © 2021, CC0.

关键词： Radiative transfer

Chemical evolution of some selected complex organic molecules in low-mass star-forming regions

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Bhat, Bratati Kar, Rumela Mondal, Suman Kumar Ghosh, Rana Gorai, Prasanta Shimonishi, Takashi Tanaka, Kei E.I. Furuya, Kenji Das, Ankan Institute of Astronomy Space and Earth Science 1 Bidhan Sishu Sarani Kolkata700054 India Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Material Sciences IIT Bombay Powai Maharashtra Mumbai400076 India S. N. Bose National Center for Basic Sciences JD-Block Salt Lake Kolkata700098 India Indian Centre for Space Physics 43 Chalantika Garia Station Road Kolkata700084 India Department of Space Earth & Environment Chalmers University of Technology GothenburgSE-412 96 Sweden Center for Transdisciplinary Research Niigata University Niigata Nishi-ku950-2181 Japan Environmental Science Program Department of Science Faculty of Science Niigata University Niigata Nishi-ku950-2181 Japan Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Tokyo Institute of Technology Meguro Tokyo152-8551 Japan Center for Computational Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba305-8577 Japan National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Tokyo181-8588 Japan

The destiny of complex organic molecules (COMs) in star-forming regions is interlinked with various evolutionary phases. Therefore, identifying these species in diversified environments of identical star-forming regions would help to comprehend their physical and chemical heritage. We identified multiple COMs utilizing the Large program ‘Astrochemical Surveys At IRAM’ (ASAI) data, dedicated to chemical surveys in Sun-like star-forming regions with the IRAM 30 m telescope. It was an unbiased survey in the millimeter regime, covering the prestellar core, protostar, outflow region, and protoplanetary disk phase. Here, we have reported some transitions of seven COMs, namely, methanol (CH3OH), acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), methyl formate (CH3OCHO), ethanol (C2H5OH), propynal (HCCCHO), dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3), and methyl cyanide (CH3CN) in some sources L1544, B1-b, IRAS4A, and SVS13A. We found a trend among these species from the derived abundances using the rotational diagram method and MCMC fit. We have found that the abundances of all of the COMs, except for HCCCHO, increase from the L1544 (prestellar core) and peaks at IRAS16293-2422 (class 0 phase). It is noticed that the abundance of these molecules correlate with the luminosity of the sources. The obtained trend is also visible from the previous interferometric observations and considering the beam dilution effect. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Molecules

Is there any linkage between interstellar aldehyde and alcohol?

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Mondal, Suman Kumar Gorai, Prasanta Sil, Milan Ghosh, Rana Etim, Emmanuel E. Chakrabarti, Sandip K. Shimonishi, Takashi Nakatani, Naoki Furuya, Kenji Tan, Jonathan C. Das, Ankan Indian Centre for Space Physics 43 Chalantika Garia Station Road Kolkata700084 India Department of Space Earth and Environment Chalmers University of Technology GothenburgSE-412 96 Sweden Department of Chemical Sciences Federal University Wukari Katsina-Ala Road P.M.B. 1020 Taraba State Wukari Nigeria Center for Transdisciplinary Research Niigata University Nishi-ku Niigata950-2181 Japan Environmental Science Program Department of Science Faculty of Science Niigata University Nishi-ku Niigata950-2181 Japan Institute for Catalysis Hokkaido University N21W10 Kita-ku Hokkaido Sapporo001-0021 Japan Center for Computational Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba305-8577 Japan Department of Astronomy University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA22904 United States Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji Tokyo192-0397 Japan National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Tokyo181-8588 Japan

It is speculated that there might be some linkage between interstellar aldehydes and their corresponding alcohols. Here, an observational study and astrochemical modeling are coupled together to illustrate the connection between them. The ALMA cycle 4 data of a hot molecular core, G10.47+0.03 is utilized for this study. Various aldehydes (acetaldehyde, propanal, and glycolaldehyde), alcohols (methanol and ethylene glycol), and a ketone (acetone) are identified in this source. The excitation temperatures and the column densities of these species were derived via the rotation diagram method assuming LTE conditions. An extensive investigation is carried out to understand the formation of these species. Six pairs of aldehyde-alcohol: i) methanal and methanol;ii) ethanal and ethanol;iii) propanal and 1-propanol;iv) propenal and allyl alcohol;v) propynal and propar gyl alcohol;vi) glycolaldehyde and ethylene glycol;vii) along with one pair of ketone-alcohol (acetone and isopropanol) and viii) ketene-alcohol (ethenone and vinyl alcohol) are considered for this study. Two succes sive hydrogenation reactions in the ice phase are examined to form these alcohols from aldehydes, ketone, and ketene, respectively. Quantum chemical methods are extensively executed to review the ice phase formation route and the kinetics of these species. Based on the obtained kinetic data, astrochemical modeling is employed to derive the abundances of these aldehydes, alcohols, ketone, and ketene in this source. It is seen that our model could successfully explain the observed abundances of various species in this hot molecular core. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Acetone

Promoting global education in science and engineering: An experience in Indonesian high schools

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019年第1期1175卷

作者： F Triawan M K Biddinika S Hanaoka F Takahashi M Aziz Mechanical Engineering Study Program Sampoerna University Jl. Raya Pasar Minggu Kav 16 Jakarta Selatan 12780 Indonesia Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8550 Japan School of Environment and Society Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta Midori Yokohama 226-8503 Japan Center for Waste Management and Bioenergy Universitas Janabadra Jl. Tentara Rakyat Mataram 58 Bumijo Jetis Yogyakarta 55231 Indonesia Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8550 Japan

Japan has initiated higher education reform in which internationalization is one of the challenges as a way to improve excellence in research and competitiveness within Asia and the world. In becoming the 'Asian Gateway' to the rest of the world, Japan also invites students from Asian countries to pursue higher education in Japan. However, language problem is often considered as one of the barriers faced by international students – not only from Asian countries – in Japan, especially for undergraduate program since the program is mostly held in Japanese language. The Global Scientists and Engineers program (GSEP) is the international bachelor of engineering degree program in Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech). It does not require any Japanese language ability since the whole program would be taught in English. This paper presents the experience of promotional activities of the program in Indonesia in order to identify the challenges, to document the method, and to outline some recommendations for improvement. The promotion was held by presentation in front of 13 (thirteen) high schools in Jakarta and nearby. After the promotional presentation, participants were also requested to express their interest in applying the program as well as their perceived usefulness of the presentation.

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Species Diversity of Shallow Water Zoanthids (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) in Florida

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Journal of Marine sciences 2012年第1期2012卷

作者： James Davis Reimer Colin Foord Yuka Irei Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology Laboratory Rising Star Program Transdisciplinary Research Organization for Subtropical Island Studies (TRO-SIS) University of the Ryukyus Senbaru 1 Nishihara Okinawa 903-0213 Japanu-ryukyu.ac.jp Marine Biodiversity Research Program Institute of Biogeosciences Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) 2-15 Natsushima Yokosuka Kanagawa 237-0061 Japanjamstec.go.jp Coral Morphologic Aquaculture Research Lab 800 NW 7th Avehve Miami FL 33136 USA Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology Laboratory Graduate School of Engineering and Sciences University of the Ryukyus Senbaru 1 Nishihara Okinawa 903-0213 Japanu-ryukyu.ac.jp

Shallow water zooxanthellate zoanthids are a common component of the coral reef ecosystems of the Caribbean. Despite this, their species diversity remains poorly understood. In this study, collected Palythoa, Zoanthus, Isaurus , and Terrazoanthus specimens from the waters of Florida were phylogenetically examined to obtain a better understanding of zoanthid species diversity in the Caribbean. Surprisingly, the results from analyses utilizing three DNA markers (mitochondrial 16S ribosomal DNA, cytochrome oxidase subunit I, and the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA) showed the presence of at least eleven species, of which up to four appear undescribed. Additionally, the presence of the genus Terrazoanthus in the Caribbean was confirmed for the first time. Attempts to match phylogenetic species or clades with original literature were hampered by vague and short original descriptions, and it is clear that for Atlantic Palythoa and Zoanthus species an in-depth and multidisciplinary investigation is needed to reconcile recent phylogenetic results such as in this study with traditional taxonomy. Furthermore, most shallow water zoanthid species from Florida were observed to have close, sister-species relationships with previously investigated species in the Pacific Ocean. These results indicate that many brachycnemic zoanthid species likely had a Caribbean-Pacific distribution until the formation of the Isthmus of Panama. However, due to inadvertent redescriptions, overall species diversity in these two common genera is likely much lower than literature indicates.

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