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Coastal Flooding Impacts Induced Sea Level Rise on Banda Aceh Coastal Morphology

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019年第1期273卷

作者： Musa Al'ala Syamsidik Tsunami Computation and Visualization Laboratory Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC) Syiah Kuala University Jl. Prof. Ibrahim Hasan Gampong Pie Banda Aceh 23233 Indonesia Civil Engineering Department Syiah Kuala University Jl. Syeh Abdurrauf No. 7 Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia.

The research focus is in assessing the impact of sea level rise induced by climate change towards coastal morphology. The process went through numerical modelling combining the flow and swan model generated by Delft3D to mimic morphology process within 100 years in Banda Aceh Coastal Defence. Banda Aceh coastal morphology keeps in recovery process as the coastal line keeps growing after the 2004 devastating morphology destruction until the late 2017. A sea level rise scenario was adopted from IPCC and TOPEX Poseidon with a 7 mm/year increase rate which was recorded between 1992 and 2015. Results recorded Banda Aceh had both sedimented and eroded area. Coastal protection gave the proper protection to Banda Aceh coastal defense while the three of Banda Aceh rivers (Krueng Neng river, Krueng Aceh river, and Floodway) gave sediment supply from the channel. Coastal line retreat between 15 to 100 m was also recorded on the side of Syiah Kuala - Alue Naga beach site, while others had enough sediment supply produced growing shoreline. The predicted regrow coastal area could be utilized as buffer zone as the government had difficulties in relocating the people from the coastal area.

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Numerical Simulations of tsunami Wave Properties on Coastal Slopes using One Piston-Wavemaker Method

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019年第1期273卷

作者： Mumtaz Luthfi Syamsidik Amir Fauzi Eldina Fatimah Tsunami Computation and Visualization Laboratory Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC) Syiah Kuala University Jl. Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Hasan Gampong Pie Banda Aceh 23233 Indonesia Lecturer at Civil Engineering Department Syiah Kuala University Jl. Syeh Abdurrauf No. 7 Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia

Most of the coastal area in the Ulee Lheue Bay of Aceh Besar was affected by a tsunami wave during the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Such area has an inclined bed floor which varies in slope. Variations of slope can affect tsunami wave properties such as tsunami arrival time, wave height and velocity. With those variations, the degree of the tsunami effects is highly unpredictable. Therefore, it is important to conduct a research to understand the effects of coastal slopes on tsunami waves propagations and wave deformation. Google SketchUp was used for designing the coastal slopes' 3 Dimensional models. For the tsunami waves, solitary waves were generated by using smoothed particle hydrodynamics numerical models through the DualSPHysics software. The computation was based on the meshless method. From the simulations, the waves' properties were obtained and were analyzed how coastal slopes affect the arrival time of tsunami waves, also for their height and velocity. Results show that the steepest coastal slope has the highest velocity, but shortest wave height and longest arrival time. Conversely, the flattest coastal slope has the lowest velocity, but highest wave height and shortest arrival time. Longer tsunami arrival times will benefit people in the evacuation process during the hazard.

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Numerical simulation for estimating of sediment transport due layouts of port

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1892卷

作者： Sri Hartuti Nengsih Fachrurrazi Syamsidik Shigeru Kato 1Tsunami Computation and Visualization Laboratory of Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (Syiah Kuala University Jl. Prof. Ibrahim Hasan Gampong Pie Banda Aceh Indonesia) 2Tsunami Computation and Visualization Laboratory of Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (Syiah Kuala University Jl. Prof. Ibrahim Hasan Gampong Pie Banda Aceh Indonesia) 1 23Tsunami Computation and Visualization Laboratory of Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (Syiah Kuala University Jl. Prof. Ibrahim Hasan Gampong Pie Banda Aceh Indonesia) 1 3Civil Engineering Departement Syiah Kuala University (Jl. Syeh Abd Rauf No. 7 Banda Aceh Indonesia) 4Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology (1-1 Tempaku-Cho 441-8580 Aichi Prefecture Japan)

The need for a new and improved fisheries port has significantly increased in the Bireuen District of Aceh, particularly in Peudada due to several factors presented in this paper. During this time the fishing port used by the communities located in the river channel makes it difficult for the fishermen to get into the port area due to the shallowness of the mouth of the estuary. Port master plan study is required to examine several possible locations for the proposed port. In planning the hydro-oceanographic aspects of the port is an essential requirement to determine the layout of a port. Several factors that need to be reviewed relating to the layout of the ports include sedimentation, waves, and currents. These factors affect the movement of the ship, tranquility waves in the port basin, and for the maintenance dredging of the harbor due to sedimentation. This study is aimed at estimating the best layout of the port basin between two scenarios due to the sedimentation process, waves propagation, and currents. The software used in this study is Delft3D developed by Deltares. The program can simulate waves, currents and sediment transport in coastal areas by using schematized grids. The simulation was performed under two scenarios port layout using three dominant wind direction influencing wave generation, i.e., Northwest, North, and Northeast. All two scenarios modeled by changing the direction of opening the mouth of the harbor. After one year, both scenarios simulation has created a new bathymetry map to select the best port layout based on smallest sedimentation volume.

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Projections of tsunami inundation area coupled with impacts of sea level rise in Banda Aceh, Indonesia

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1892卷

作者： Tursina Syamsidik Shigeru Kato 1Tsunami Computation and Visualization Laboratory Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC) Syiah Kuala University Jl. Prof. Ibrahim Hasan Gampong Pie Banda Aceh 23233 Indonesia 1 2Tsunami Computation and Visualization Laboratory Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC) Syiah Kuala University Jl. Prof. Ibrahim Hasan Gampong Pie Banda Aceh 23233 Indonesia 2Civil Engineering Department Syiah Kuala University Jl. Syeh Abdurrauf No. 7 Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia 3Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology 1-1 Tempaku-Cho 441-8580 Aichi Prefecture Japan

In a long term, sea level rise is anticipated to give devastating effects on Banda Aceh, as one of the coastal cities in the northern tip of Sumatra. The growth of the population and buildings in the city has come to the stage where the coastal area is vulnerable to any coastal hazard. Some public facilities and settlements have been constructed and keep expanding in the future. According to TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite images, 7 mm/year the sea level has been risen between 1992 and 2015 in this area. It is estimated that in the next 100 years, there will be 700 mm additional sea level rise which will give a setback more over to a rather flat area around the coast. This research is aim at investigating the influence of sea level rise toward the tsunami inundation on the land area particularly the impacts on Banda Aceh city. Cornell Multigrid Coupled tsunami Model (COMCOT) simulation numerically generated tsunami propagation. Topography and bathymetry data were collected from GEBCO and updated with the available nautical chart (DISHIDROS, JICA, and field measurements). Geological movement of the underwater fault was generated using Piatanesi and Lorito of 9.15 Mw 2004 multi-fault scenario. The inundation area produced by COMCOT revealed that the inundation area was expanded to several hundred meters from the shoreline. To investigate the impacts of tsunami wave on Banda Aceh, the inundation area were digitized and analyzed with Quantum GIS spatial tools. The Quantum GIS analyzed inundations area affected by the projected tsunami. It will give a new tsunami-prone coastal area map induced by sea level rise in 100 years.

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Numerical simulations of land cover roughness influence on tsunami inundation in Ulee Lheue Bay, Aceh-Indonesia

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2017年第1期56卷

作者： Tursina Syamsidik Tsunami Computation and Visualization Laboratory Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC) Syiah Kuala University Jl. Prof. Ibrahim Hasan Gampong Pie Banda Aceh 23233 Indonesia. Lecture at Civil Engineering Department Syiah Kuala University Jl. Syeh Abdurrauf No. 7 Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia.

Most of the flat area at Ulee Lheue Bay of Aceh Besar is affected by tsunami wave during the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. The coastal area with no significant barrier caused tsunami wave inundating further inland. Coastal forest is known as an effective way to reduce tsunami impact in the coastal environment. In this paper, we used 2 Dimensional Horizontal (2DH) numerical model Cornell Multi-grid Coupled tsunami (COMCOT) and Delft3D to evaluate the coastal forest influence which interpreted by variable Manning's coefficient of tsunami inundation. We also discussed the hydrodynamic characteristic of tsunami wave such as maximum water elevation and flow velocities to evaluate how effective is the coastal forest in reducing tsunami impacts at Ulee Lheue Bay. The results showed that the coastal forest effect is not significant difference both water elevation and tsunami inundation. Meanwhile, the coastal forest with 100 m width can reduce tsunami wave velocities about 40 %. It is important because high tsunami velocities caused severely eroded in the coastal area.

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A decade process of coastal land use changes in Peukan Bada-Aceh after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2017年第1期56卷

作者： M Fahmi Syamsidik E Fatimah M Al'ala Tsunami Computation and Visualization Laboratory Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC) Syiah Kuala University Jl. Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Hasan Gampong Pie Banda Aceh 23233 Indonesia Civil Engineering Master Program Syiah Kuala University Jl. Syech Abdurrauf Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia Civil Engineering Department Almuslim University Jl. Almuslim Matangglumpangdua Bireuen-Aceh 24261 Indonesia Civil Engineering Department Syiah Kuala University Jl. Syech Abdurrauf Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia.

Sudden environmental changes due to the impacts of the 2004 tsunami demolished a vast area of land around Peukan Bada of Aceh Besar. There were paddy fields and ponds as major livelihoods supports for coastal communities around this area. However, the tsunami waves demolished all the paddy fields and ponds around this sub-district. Since the 2004, a number of interventions were made to recovery the paddy fields and ponds. This study was aimed at monitoring the land use changes, in term of paddy fields and ponds, during 12-year of recovery process. Geographic Information System tools were used to map every 100 meter of interval in this area to observe the recovery process of the two land use types. After 12-year of the recovery process, total areas successfully being recovered in Peukan Bada were about 80% and only 19% for paddy fields and ponds, respectively. Some reasons were behind these changes. Two of the most frequent reasons are the changes of job types of the residents and the low productivity of the tsunami affected ponds/paddy fields.

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Numerical simulations of tsunami waves impacts on Ulee Lheue Harbour in Banda Aceh-Indonesia

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2017年第1期56卷

作者： Fachrurrazi Syamsidik M Al'ala W Mahardi Tsunami Computation and Visualization Laboratory Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC) Syiah Kuala University Jl. Prof. Ibrahim Hasan Gampong Pie Banda Aceh 23233 Indonesia. Lecture at Civil Engineering Department Syiah Kuala University Jl. Syeh Abdurrauf No. 7 Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia. Student at Civil Engineering Master Program Syiah Kuala University Jl. Syeh Abdurrauf No. 7 Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia. Directorate of Coastal and Marine Affairs Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Republic of Indonesia Jl. Medan Merdeka Timur No. 16 Jakarta Pusat 10110 Indonesia.

This paper reports the effects of 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami onto the Ulee Lheue harbour facility, Banda Aceh – Indonesia. The breakwater that had damaged after tsunami were rebuilt into its original design once more due to UNDP funding source. As the existing construction knowing how much the chance it stands againts the tsunami in various terms would be decent for further improvement. This research aim is to measure the capabilities of the breakwater againts the various tsunami scenario. performing the numerical simulation to analyze the hydrodynamics we used both COMCOT and Delft3D-flow for tsunami propagation in line with the hydrodynamics. Several observation points were deployed representing each part of the breakwater. The process revealed that the breakwater only able to hold 8.0 Mw induced wave from overtopping. uniquely when 8.2 Mw tsunami wave strikes the breakwater till overtopped but not giving enough energy to move the boulder aside. Potential movement of the boulder occurred when the 8.4 Mw tsunami wave come through the breakwater produced 77.12 m (5.88 %) damaged structure. The 8.6 Mw single fault highest magnitude gave 209.32 m long (15.97%) destruction upon this Ulee Lheue Harbour breakwater.

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Predicting impact of SLR on coastal flooding in Banda Aceh coastal defences

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1892卷

作者： Musa Al’ala Syamsidik Shigeru Kato 1Graduate student at Civil Engineering Master Program Syiah Kuala University Jl. Syeh Abdurrauf No. 7 Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia 1 2Tsunami Computation and Visualization Laboratory Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC) Syiah Kuala University Jl. Prof. Ibrahim Hasan Gampong Pie Banda Aceh 23233 Indonesia 2Civil Engineering Department Syiah Kuala University Jl. Syeh Abdurrauf No. 7 Banda Aceh 23111 Indonesia 3Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology 1-1 Tempaku-Cho 441-8580 Aichi Prefecture Japan

Banda Aceh is a low-lying city located at the northern tip of Sumatra Island and situated at the conjuncture of Malacca Strait and the Andaman Sea. A Sea Level Rise (SLR) rate at 7 mm/year has been observed around this region. In the next 50 years, this city will face a serious challenge to encounter impacts of the sea level rise, such as frequent coastal floodings. This study is aimed at estimating impacts of the sea level rise induced coastal floodings on several types of coastal structures and city drainage system. Numerical simulations of Delft3D were applied to investigate the influence of the gradual sea level rise in 50 years. The hydrodynamic process of coastal flooding and sediment transport were simulated by Delft3D-Flow. Topography and bathymetry data were collected from GEBCO and updated with the available nautical chart (DISHIDROS, JICA, and field measurements). Hydrodynamic process gains the flow process revealing the level of the sea water intrusion also observed in the model. Main rivers (Krueng Aceh, Krueng Neng, and Alue Naga Flood Canal) and the drainage system were observed to see the tides effects on coastal structures and drainage system. The impact on coastal community focusing on affected area, shoreline retreat, the rate of sea intrusion was analyzed with spatial tools. New coastal line, coastal flooding vulnerable area, and the community susceptibility properties map influenced by 50 years sea level rise is produced. This research found that the city needs to address strategies to anticipate the exacerbating impacts of the sea level rise by managing its coastal spatial planning and modify its drainage system, especially at the drainage outlets.

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Preliminary study on performance of a coupled hydrodynamic and sediment transport model on small domain

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1892卷

作者： Teuku M. Rasyif Shigeru Kato Syamsidik Takumi Okabe 1Dept. of Architecture and Civil Eng. Toyohashi University of Technology 1-1 Tempaku Cho Toyohashi Aichi 441-8580 Japan 2Dept. of Architecture and Civil Eng. Toyohashi University of Technology 1-1 Tempaku Cho Toyohashi Aichi 441-8580 Japan 3Civil Engineering Department Syiah Kuala University Jl. Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Hasan Gampong Pie Banda Aceh 23233 Indonesia 4Tsunami Computation and Visualization Laboratory Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC) Syiah Kuala University Jl. Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Hasan Gampong Pie Banda Aceh 23233 Indonesia 5Dept. of Architecture and Civil Eng. Toyohashi University of Technology 1-1 Tempaku Cho Toyohashi Aichi 441-8580 Japan

Numerical simulation is one of the useful tools to analyze natural phenomena in the earth such as the tsunami disaster. Several numerical models can simulate the tsunami wave from its generation, propagation, and inundation. However, most tsunami models do not include the sediment transport module. The tsunami wave actually induces a lot of sediment during the propagation in the coastal area. In the case of Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004, massive morphological changes were caused by the tsunami waves around Sumatra coast. In Aceh, some areas eroded by the tsunami wave were living place for a local community. It is indispensable for the resident in the coastal area to estimate the risk of morphological changes due to a tsunami wave. Therefore, a model that can investigate the morphological changes due tsunami wave is necessary. The result of this model can be used to consider a countermeasure for tsunami wave impact in the coastal area, such as land-use management and planning. The COMCOT-SED model had been developed by several researchers. This model combines the hydrodynamic module and the sediment module. The aim of this study is to get general information about performance of the COMCOT-SED model and to modify the model for more accurate results. Firstly, the model was demonstrated in the ideal condition to confirm the model validity. Then, we evaluated the model performance comparing the model results and the laboratory experiment data which was conducted by other researcher. The authors found that the results of water level and bottom profile by the original model in the ideal condition are not suitable. The model modification will give us more suitable results. The modified model will be applied to simulate the tsunami wave and sediment transport in the small area.

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