Purpose: To develop a high scanning efficiency, motion corrected imaging strategy for free-breathing pulmonary MRI by combining a motion compensation reconstruction with a UTE acquisition, called iMoCo UTE. Methods: A...
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Allosteric regulation is central to protein function in cellular networks. A fundamental open question is whether cellular regulation of allosteric proteins occurs only at a few defined positions or at many sites dist...
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An image-guided endoluminal ultrasound applicator has been proposed for palliative and potential curative thermal therapy of pancreatic tumors. By considering a directional transducer array of planar, tubular, or curv...
An image-guided endoluminal ultrasound applicator has been proposed for palliative and potential curative thermal therapy of pancreatic tumors. By considering a directional transducer array of planar, tubular, or curvilinear transducers, this design offers the potential for fast volumetric therapy and 3D spatial control over the energy deposition profile. Treatment of pancreatic tumor tissue would be performed in a minimally invasive fashion with the applicator positioned in the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen, and sparing of the luminal wall would be achieved with a water-cooled balloon surrounding the transducers. A theoretical evaluation of this design was performed by developing a 3D acoustic and bioheat transfer model, with temperature and thermal dose solutions obtained using a FEM solver (COMSOL Multiphysics). Parametric studies were performed on a generalized anatomical model of the pancreas, tumor, and adjacent luminal wall to determine preferred transducer configurations and frequencies for maximizing lesion volume and penetration while sparing the luminal wall. Patient-specific models of pancreatic tumors were generated from CT studies and used to assess the feasibility of performing thermal ablation or hyperthermia on small (∼2 cm diameter) pancreatic head tumors with an endoluminal applicator positioned within the duodenum. Simulation results indicate lower transducer operating frequencies (1-3 MHz) are necessary to mitigate damage to the luminal wall, and a tradeoff between penetration depth and lesion volume emerges as the degree of focusing increases. For patient-specific ablation modeling of tumors within 30 mm of the luminal wall, approximately 95% of the volume could be ablated within 15 min using a planar or lightly focused transducer configuration without duodenal damage. Over 90% of the volume could be elevated above 40°C at steady state for hyperthermia applications (e.g., radiation sensitization, drug delivery) using a tubular transducer. For tum
An MR-guided endoluminal ultrasound applicator has been proposed for palliative and potential curative thermal therapy of pancreatic tumors. Minimally invasive ablation or hyperthermia treatment of pancreatic tumor ti...
An MR-guided endoluminal ultrasound applicator has been proposed for palliative and potential curative thermal therapy of pancreatic tumors. Minimally invasive ablation or hyperthermia treatment of pancreatic tumor tissue would be performed with the applicator positioned in the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen, and sparing of the luminal tissue would be achieved with a water-cooled balloon surrounding the ultrasound transducers. This approach offers the capability of conformal volumetric therapy for fast treatment times, with control over the 3D spatial deposition of energy. Prototype endoluminal ultrasound applicators have been fabricated using 3D printed fixtures that seat two 3.2 or 5.6 MHz planar or curvilinear transducers and contain channels for wiring and water flow. Spiral surface coils have been integrated onto the applicator body to allow for device localization and tracking for therapies performed under MR guidance. Heating experiments with a tissue-mimicking phantom in a 3T MR scanner were performed and demonstrated capability of the prototype to perform volumetric heating through duodenal luminal tissue under real-time PRF-based MR temperature imaging (MRTI). Additional experiments were performed in ex vivo pig carcasses with the applicator inserted into the esophagus and aimed towards liver or soft tissue surrounding the spine under MR guidance. These experiments verified the capacity of heating targets up to 20-25 mm from the GI tract. Active device tracking and automated prescription of imaging and temperature monitoring planes through the applicator were made possible by using Hadamard encoded tracking sequences to obtain the coordinates of the applicator tracking coils. The prototype applicators have been integrated with an MR software suite that performs real-time device tracking and temperature monitoring.
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