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Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990–2019, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019

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The Lancet HIV 2021年第10期8卷 e633-e651页

作者： Jahagirdar, Deepa Walters, Magdalene K. Novotney, Amanda Brewer, Edmond D. Frank, Tahvi D. Carter, Austin Biehl, Molly H. Abbastabar, Hedayat Abhilash, E.S. Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal Adekanmbi, Victor Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afzal, Saira Aghababaei, Soodabeh Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadpour, Ehsan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Salih, Yusra Ahmed Aklilu, Addis Akram, Tayyaba Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Al Hamad, Hanadi Alahdab, Fares Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Aleksandrova, Ekaterina A. Alene, Kefyalew Addis Ali, Liaqat Alipour, Vahid Almustanyir, Sami Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amu, Hubert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Anvari, Davood Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Arulappan, Judie Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Ayza, Muluken Altaye Azari, Samad Darshan, B.B. Banach, Maciej Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barra, Fabio Barrow, Amadou Basu, Sanjay Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad Belay, Habtamu Gebrehana Berheto, Tezera Moshago Bezabhe, Woldesellassie Mequanint Bezabih, Yihienew Mequanint Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bibi, Sadia Bijani, Ali Bisignano, Catherine Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi Boloor, Archith Boltaev, Azizbek A. Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Buonsenso, Danilo Burkart, Katrin Butt, Zahid A. Cao, Chao Charan, Jaykaran Chatterjee, Souranshu Chattu, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chu, Dinh-Toi Couto, Rosa A.S. Cowden, Richard G. Dachew, Berihun Assefa Dadras, Omid Dagnew, Amare Belachew Dahlawi, Saad M.A. Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi das Neves, José Degenhardt, Louisa Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu Deuba, Keshab Dhamnetiya, Deepak Dhungana, Govinda Prasad Dianatinasab, Mostafa Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Doan, Linh Phuong Dorostkar, Fariba Edinur, Hisham Atan Effiong, Andem Eftekharzadeh, Sahar El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa Elayedath, Rajesh Elhadi, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA United States School of Social Work University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeones Columbia University Medical Center New York NY United States Division of Data Analytics and Delivery for Impact WHO Geneva Switzerland Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Paediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Psychiatry Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and Genomics Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Centre for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Non-Communicable Diseases Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Botany Sree Narayana Guru College Chelannur Kozhikode India Clinical Sciences Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Mass Communication Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Health-Care Policy and Research Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar Doha Qatar Department of Population Medicine Ca

Background: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Understanding the current state of the HIV epidemic and its change over time is essential to this effort. This study assesses the current sex-specific HIV burden in 204 countries and territories and measures progress in the control of the epidemic. Methods: To estimate age-specific and sex-specific trends in 48 of 204 countries, we extended the Estimation and Projection Package Age-Sex Model to also implement the spectrum paediatric model. We used this model in cases where age and sex specific HIV-seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care-clinic sentinel surveillance data were available. For the remaining 156 of 204 locations, we developed a cohort-incidence bias adjustment to derive incidence as a function of cause-of-death data from vital registration systems. The incidence was input to a custom Spectrum model. To assess progress, we measured the percentage change in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 (threshold >75% decline), the ratio of incident cases to number of people living with HIV (incidence-to-prevalence ratio threshold <0·03), and the ratio of incident cases to deaths (incidence-to-mortality ratio threshold <1·0). Findings: In 2019, there were 36·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 35·1–38·9) people living with HIV worldwide. There were 0·84 males (95% UI 0·78–0·91) per female living with HIV in 2019, 0·99 male infections (0·91–1·10) for every female infection, and 1·02 male deaths (0·95–1·10) per female death. Global progress in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 was driven by sub-Saharan Africa (with a 28·52% decrease in incident cases, 95% UI 19·58–35·43, and a 39·66% decrease in deaths, 36·49–42·36). Elsewhere, the incidence remained stable or increased, whereas deaths generally decreased. In 2019, the global incidence-to-prevalence ratio was 0·05 (95% UI 0·05–0·06) and the global incidence-to-mortality ratio was

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Erratum to: The real cost of sequencing: scaling computation to keep pace with data generation

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Genome biology 2016年第1期17卷 78页

作者： Paul Muir Shantao Li Shaoke Lou Daifeng Wang Daniel J Spakowicz Leonidas Salichos Jing Zhang George M Weinstock Farren Isaacs Joel Rozowsky Mark Gerstein Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA. Systems Biology Institute Yale University West Haven CT 06516 USA. Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA. Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA. Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA. The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine Farmington CT 06032 USA. Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA. mark@***. Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA. mark@***. Department of Computer Science Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA. mark@***.

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Calibrationless parallel imaging reconstruction based on structured low-rank matrix completion

Calibrationless parallel imaging reconstruction based on str...

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作者： Shin, Peter J. Larson, Peder E. Z. Ohliger, Michael A. Elad, Michael Pauly, John M. Vigneron, Daniel B. Lustig, Michael Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging University of California at San Francisco San FranciscoCA United States UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering CA United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California at Berkeley BerkeleyCA United States Department of Computer Science Technion'Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel Magnetic Resonance Systems Research Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University StanfordCA United States

Purpose: A calibrationless parallel imaging reconstruction method, termed simultaneous autocalibrating and k-space estimation (SAKE), is presented. It is a data-driven, coil-by-coil reconstruction method that does not require a separate calibration step for estimating coil sensitivity information. Methods: In SAKE, an undersampled, multichannel dataset is structured into a single data matrix. The reconstruction is then formulated as a structured low-rank matrix completion problem. An iterative solution that implements a projection-ontosets algorithm with singular value thresholding is described. Results: Reconstruction results are demonstrated for retrospectively and prospectively undersampled, multichannel Cartesian data having no calibration signals. Additionally, non-Cartesian data reconstruction is presented. Finally, improved image quality is demonstrated by combining SAKE with wavelet-based compressed sensing. Conclusion: Because estimation of coil sensitivity information is not needed, the proposed method could potentially benefit MR applications where acquiring accurate calibration data is limiting or not possible at all. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： Compressed sensing

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Towards an Ontology of Terms on Technical Debt

Towards an Ontology of Terms on Technical Debt

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International Workshop on Managing Technical Debt (MTD)

作者： Nicolli S.R. Alves Leilane F. Ribeiro Vivyane Caires Thiago S. Mendes Rodrigo O. Spínola Graduate Program in Systems and Computer Salvador University - UNIFACS Salvador Brazil Fraunhofer Project Center for Software and System Engineering UFBA Salvador Brazil Information Technology Department IFBA Santo Amaro Bahia Brazil

Technical debt is a term that has been used to describe the increased cost of changing or maintaining a system due to shortcuts taken during its development. As technical debt is a recent research area, its different types and their indicators are not organized yet. Therefore, this paper proposes an ontology of terms on technical debt in order to organize a common vocabulary for the area. The organized concepts derived from the results of a systematic literature mapping. The proposed ontology was evaluated in two steps. In the first one, some ontology design quality criteria were used. For the second one, a specialist in the area performed an initial evaluation. This work contributes to evolve the Technical Debt Landscape through the organization of the different types of technical debt and their indicators. We consider this an important contribution for both researchers and practitioners because this information was spread out in the literature hindering their use in research and development activities.

关键词： Ontologies Software Documentation Organizations OWL Vocabulary computer architecture

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A web-based, hospital-wide health care-associated bloodstream infection surveillance and classification system: Development and evaluation

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JMIR Medical Informatics 2015年第3期3卷 e31页

作者： Tseng, Yi-Ju Wu, Jung-Hsuan Lin, Hui-Chi Chen, Ming-Yuan Ping, Xiao-Ou Sun, Chun-Chuan Shang, Rung-Ji Sheng, Wang-Huei Chen, Yee-Chun Lai, Feipei Chang, Shan-Chwen Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Computational Health Informatics Program Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA United States Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Center for Infection Control National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan National Taiwan University Hospital Information Systems Office Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan National Health Research Institutes National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology Miaoli Taiwan

Background: Surveillance of health care-associated infections is an essential component of infection prevention programs, but conventional systems are labor intensive and performance dependent. Objective: To develop an automatic surveillance and classification system for health care-associated bloodstream infection (HABSI), and to evaluate its performance by comparing it with a conventional infection control personnel (ICP)-based surveillance system. Methods: We developed a Web-based system that was integrated into the medical information system of a 2200-bed teaching hospital in Taiwan. The system automatically detects and classifies HABSIs. Results: In this study, the number of computer-detected HABSIs correlated closely with the number of HABSIs detected by ICP by department (n=20;r=.999 P<.001) and by time (n=14;r=.941;P<.001). Compared with reference standards, this system performed excellently with regard to sensitivity (98.16%), specificity (99.96%), positive predictive value (95.81%), and negative predictive value (99.98%). The system enabled decreasing the delay in confirmation of HABSI cases, on average, by 29 days. Conclusions: This system provides reliable and objective HABSI data for quality indicators, improving the delay caused by a conventional surveillance system. © 2020 JMIR Publications Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Health care-associated infection Infection control Information systems Surveillance Web-based services

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Development and evaluation of a hospital-wide healthcare-associated surgical site infection detection algorithm

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Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection 2015年第2期48卷 S43-S43页

作者： Yi-Ju Tseng Bo-Chiang Huang Hui-Chi Lin Ming-Yuan Chen Rung-Ji Shang Wang-Huei Sheng Yee-Chun Chen Feipei Lai Shan-Chwen Chang Children's Hospital Informatics Program Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA USA Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics National Taiwan University Taiwan Center for Infection Control National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH) Taiwan Information Systems Office NTUH Taipei Taiwan Department of Internal Medicine NTUH and College of Medicine Taiwan National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology National Health Research Institutes Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University Taiwan

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A case study on effectively identifying technical debt 13

A case study on effectively identifying technical debt

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17th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software engineering, EASE 2013

作者： Zazworka, Nico Spínola, Rodrigo O. Vetro, Antonio Shull, Forrest Seaman, Carolyn Fraunhofer USA Center for Experimental Software Engineering College Park United States Graduate Program in Systems and Computer UNIFACS Salvador Brazil Dept. of Control and Computer Engineering Politecnico di Torino Torino Italy Department of Information Systems UMBC Baltimore United States Elsevier Information Systems GmbH Frankfurt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450318488

Context: The technical debt (TD) concept describes a tradeoff between short-term and long-term goals in software development. While it is highly useful as a metaphor, it has utility beyond the facilitation of discussion, to inspire a useful set of methods and tools that support the identification, measurement, monitoring, management, and payment of TD. Objective: This study focuses on the identification of TD. We evaluate human elicitation of TD and compare it to automated identification. Method: We asked a development team to identify TD items in artifacts from a software project on which they were working. We provided the participants with a TD template and a short questionnaire. In addition, we also collected the output of three tools to automatically identify TD and compared it to the results of human elicitation. Results: There is little overlap between the TD reported by different developers, so aggregation, rather than consensus, is an appropriate way to combine TD reported by multiple developers. The tools used are especially useful for identifying defect debt but cannot help in identifying many other types of debt, so involving humans in the identification process is necessary. Conclusion: We have conducted a case study that focuses on the practical identification of TD, one area that could be facilitated by tools and techniques. It contributes to the TD landscape, which depicts an understanding of relationships between different types of debt and how they are best discovered. Copyright 2013 ACM.

关键词： Software design

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Investigating technical debt folklore: Shedding some light on technical debt opinion

Investigating technical debt folklore: Shedding some light o...

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2013 4th International Workshop on Managing Technical Debt, MTD 2013

作者： Spínola, Rodrigo O. Vetrò, Antonio Zazworka, Nico Seaman, Carolyn Shull, Forrest Graduate Program in Systems and Computer Universidade Salvador UNIFACS Salvador BA Brazil Dept. of Control and Computer Engineering Politecnico di Torino Torino Italy Elsevier Information Systems GmbH Frankfurt Germany Department of Information Systems UMBC Baltimore MD United States Fraunhofer USA Center for Experimental Software Engineering College Park United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781467364430

We identified and organized a number of statements about technical debt (TD Folklore list) expressed by practitioners in online websites, blogs and published papers. We chose 14 statements and we evaluated them through two surveys (37 practitioners answered the questionnaires), ranking them by agreement and consensus. The statements most agreed with show that TD is an important factor in software project management and not simply another term for 'bad code'. This study will help the research community in identifying folklore that can be translated into research questions to be investigated, thus targeting attempts to provide a scientific basis for TD management. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Surveys

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Hardware-based parallel firefly algorithm for embedded applications

Hardware-based parallel firefly algorithm for embedded appli...

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2013 NASA/ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and systems, AHS 2013

作者： Muñoz, Daniel M. Llanos, Carlos H. Dos Santos Coelho, Leandro Ayala-Rincón, Mauricio Electronics Engineering Graduate Program Faculty of Gama University of Brasilia Brasilia DF Brazil Department of Mechanical Engineering Automation and Control Group/GRACO University of Brasilia Brasilia DF Brazil Industrial and Systems Engineering Graduate Program LAS/PPGEPS Pontifical Catholic University of Parana Curitiba Parana Brazil Departments of Computer Science and Mathematics University of Brasilia Brasilia DF Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781467363839

The firefly algorithm (FA) is a new population-based metaheuristic bioinspired on the behavior of the flashing characteristics of fireflies. As a population-based algorithm, the FA suffers from large execution times specifically for embedded optimization problems with computational limitations. For reducing execution times we propose a hardware parallel architecture of the FA algorithm that facilitates the implementation in Field programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). In addition, this work proposes the application of the opposition-based learning (OBL) approach to the FA algorithm. The respective hardware implementation (HPOFA) was mapped into a Virtex5 FPGA device and numerical experiments using four well-known benchmark problems demonstrate that the opposition-based approach allows the FA algorithm to improve its functionality, preserving the swarm diversity and avoiding the premature convergence problem. Synthesis results point out that the HPOFA architecture is effectively mapped in hardware and is suitable for embedded applications. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Parallel architectures

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Erratum to: The whole genome sequence of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), reveals insights into the biology and adaptive evolution of a highly invasive pest species

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Genome biology 2017年第1期18卷 11页

作者： Alexie Papanicolaou Marc F Schetelig Peter Arensburger Peter W Atkinson Joshua B Benoit Kostas Bourtzis Pedro Castañera John P Cavanaugh Hsu Chao Christopher Childers Ingrid Curril Huyen Dinh HarshaVardhan Doddapaneni Amanda Dolan Shannon Dugan Markus Friedrich Giuliano Gasperi Scott Geib Georgios Georgakilas Richard A Gibbs Sarah D Giers Ludvik M Gomulski Miguel González-Guzmán Ana Guillem-Amat Yi Han Artemis G Hatzigeorgiou Pedro Hernández-Crespo Daniel S T Hughes Jeffery W Jones Dimitra Karagkouni Panagiota Koskinioti Sandra L Lee Anna R Malacrida Mosè Manni Kostas Mathiopoulos Angela Meccariello Monica Munoz-Torres Shwetha C Murali Terence D Murphy Donna M Muzny Georg Oberhofer Félix Ortego Maria D Paraskevopoulou Monica Poelchau Jiaxin Qu Martin Reczko Hugh M Robertson Andrew J Rosendale Andrew E Rosselot Giuseppe Saccone Marco Salvemini Grazia Savini Patrick Schreiner Francesca Scolari Paolo Siciliano Sheina B Sim George Tsiamis Enric Ureña Ioannis S Vlachos John H Werren Ernst A Wimmer Kim C Worley Antigone Zacharopoulou Stephen Richards Alfred M Handler Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Sydney Australia. Justus-Liebig-University Giessen Institute for Insect Biotechnology 35394 Giessen Germany. Department of Biological Sciences Cal Poly Pomona Pomona CA 91768 USA. Department of Entomology and Center for Disease Vector Research University of California Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA. Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Genetics Genomics & Bioinformatics University of California Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA. Department of Biological Sciences University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA. Insect Pest Control Laboratory Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture Seibersdorf Vienna Austria. Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management University of Patras Agrinio Greece. Department of Environmental Biology Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas CSIC 28040 Madrid Spain. Human Genome Sequencing Center Department of Human and Molecular Genetics Baylor College of Medicine 77030 Houston TX USA. National Agricultural Library USDA 20705 Beltsville MD USA. Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie 37077 Göttingen Germany. Department of Biology University of Rochester 14627 Rochester NY USA. Department of Biological Sciences Wayne State University 48202 Detroit MI USA. Department of Biology and Biotechnology University of Pavia 27100 Pavia Italy. USDA-ARS Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center 96720 Hilo HI USA. DIANA-Lab Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Thessaly 382 21 Volos Greece and Hellenic Pasteur Institute 11521 Athens Greece. Department of Entomology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 61801 Urbana IL USA. Department of Biological Sciences Oakland University 48309 Rochester MI USA. Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of Thessaly Larissa Greece. Department of Biology Univer

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