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2023 IEEE International Magnetic Conference - Short Papers, INTERMAG Short Papers 2023

作者： Chen, Sheng-Huai Yang, Chao-Yao Lai, Chih-Huang National Tsing Hua University Department of Materials Science and Engineering Hsinchu300044 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Department of Materials Science and Engineering Hsinchu300093 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Undergraduate Degree Program of Systems Engineering and Technology Hsinchu300093 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350338362

Antiferromagnet (AFM) has currently participated in the spin-orbit torque (SOT) magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) technolopgy due to its great potential to be applied to the field-free SOT switching and promote the thermal stability of MRAM. However, effect of the introduction of AFM into the basic structure of SOT-MRAM composed of a heavy metal/ferromagnet (FM) bilayer was still not comprehensively understood. This work reports the effect of how an antiferromagnetic (AFM) order modifies the strength of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) in a heavy metal (Pt)/FM (Co)/AFM (IrMn) trilayer, studied by SOT switching and loop-shift method. Increasing the AFM order reflected on exchange bias (Hex) through increasing the thickness of IrMn appears to significantly reduce the DMI strength of the trilayer, which leads to the reduction of the external field for yielding a complete SOT switching. The reduced DMI strength may ascribe to the Hex-hosted uni-directional anisotropy suppressing the neighboring spin canting in the FM layer. This stabilization for the magnetic moments via the Hex-hosted uni-directional anisotropy also improved the stability of SOT switching on the random read/write characterization, in which the strong AFM order would promote the memristivity for neuromorphic application and the weak AFM order would give rise to the stochasticity for the purpose of physically unclonable functionality. This work demonstrates the significance of an intrinsic tuning over the AFM order would serve as a switch to turn the SOT device into a stochastic/memristive cell to bridge probabilistic and neuromorphic computing. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Revisiting a hidden order at an ferromagnet/antiferromagnet interface and its switching dynamics

Revisiting a hidden order at an ferromagnet/antiferromagnet ...

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2023 IEEE International Magnetic Conference - Short Papers, INTERMAG Short Papers 2023

作者： Yang, Chao-Yao Chen, Sheng-Huai Lai, Chih-Huang National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Department of Materials Science and Engineering Hsinchu300093 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Undergraduate Degree Program of Systems Engineering and Technology Hsinchu300093 Taiwan National Tsing Hua University Department of Materials Science and Engineering Hsinchu300044 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350338362

Study on the exchange bias (Hex) switching in a ferromagnet (FM)/antiferromagnet (AFM) bilayer driven by the spin-orbit torque (SOT) has been an explicit research field and current focus has been devoted to determining the approaches to drive the Hex switching along with specific SOT applications. Hex is magnetically dominant but only reveals the partial facet of IrMn, which is only responsible for the ferromagnetic component at the interface of AFM. Therefore, the complete facet of AFM and its interaction with SOT at an FM/AFM interface is still not fully uncovered. This research reports an SOT-driven hidden order transition behind Hex in a heavy metal (Pt)/FM (Co)/AFM (IrMn) trilayer along with the issue of switching activity at Co/IrMn interface. The exchange coupling across Co/IrMn interface allows a long-range spin order in the form of an exchange-spring configuration, yielding two kinds of order in IrMn: a canting-induced ferromagnetic order for hosting Hex and a hidden Néel order for preserving the antiferromagnetic nature. The former appears to be strongly coupled to the magnetization state of Co during the SOT switching, so it can be reversibly switched with Co on the Hex switching. On the contrary, the hidden Néel order transition re-orientated to the current direction appears to be irreversibly driven by SOT and independent on the current polarity, which can reflect on the magnetoresistance (MR) measurement and X-ray magnetic linear dichroism (XMLD) spectroscopy. Finally, a micromagnetic simulation reveals the dynamic IrMn spins are mainly based on a canting type interface instead of an uncompensated type via an exchange-spring coupling with Co. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Binary alloys

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A Note on Even-Sized Spectral Clustering 13

A Note on Even-Sized Spectral Clustering

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Joint 13th International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent systems and 25th International Symposium on Advanced Intelligent systems, SCIS and ISIS 2024

作者： Miyakawa, Hiroki Endo, Yasunori Graduate School of Science and Technology Degree Programs in Systems and Information Engineering Master's Program in Risk and Resilience Engineering University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Tsukuba Japan Institute of Systems and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Tsukuba Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350373332

Clustering is a typical unsupervised learning method for classifying unsupervised data. One of the clustering meth-ods, even-sized clustering based on optimization (ECBO), is a clustering algorithm that imposes a constraint to equalize the size of each cluster. ECBO has been suggested to be effective in delivery and other problems. However, it is limited to Euclidean space. On the other hand, spectral clustering with a wide range of applicability for partitioning graph data has been proposed. In this paper, we propose even-sized spectral clustering, which imposes a size-equal constraint on spectral clustering, and show that it is an extension of the graph partitioning problem. We also verify the validity of the results through numerical examples. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Unsupervised learning

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A New Tree Structure for Local Diagnosis

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Journal of Information Science and engineering 2024年第2期40卷 231-244页

作者： Chen, Meirun Li, Xiao-Yan Lin, Cheng-Kuan Pai, Kung-Jui School of Mathematics and Statistics Xiamen University of Technology Xiamen361024 China College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou350108 China Department of Computer Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Undergraduate Degree Program of Systems Engineering and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Computer Science and Information Engineering Chung Cheng Institute of Technology National Defense University Taoyuan30010 Taiwan Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City243303 Taiwan

Diagnosability is an important parameter to measure the fault tolerance of a multiprocessor system. If we only care about the state of a node, instead of doing the global diagnosis, Hsu and Tan proposed the idea of local diagnosis. Chiang and Tan provided an extended star structure to diagnose a node under comparison model. In this work, we evaluate the local diagnosability better by proposing a tree structure around this node. We provide the corresponding algorithm to diagnose the node. Simulation results are presented for different failure probability of a node in the tree and different percentage of faulty nodes in the tree, showing the performance of our algorithm. © 2024 Institute of Information Science. All rights reserved.

关键词： comparison model diagnosis algorithm fault diagnosis local diagnosability tree

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Field Study of Drive-by Monitoring for Estimating Road Unevenness with Buses in Service Operation

Field Study of Drive-by Monitoring for Estimating Road Uneve...

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Experimental Vibration Analysis for Civil engineering Structures - EVACES 2023 - Volume 2

作者： Shin, Ryota Sakuma, Katsuki Okada, Yukihiko Yamamoto, Kyosuke Degree Program in Systems and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8577 Japan Degree Program in Engineering Mechanics and Technology University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8577 Japan Institute of Systems and Information Engineering University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8577 Japan Center for Artificial Intelligence Research University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8573 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783031391163

As global road infrastructure expands rapidly, especially in developing countries, maintaining the quality and safety of these roads becomes critical. However, many routes lack detours, and the swift deterioration of these busy roads raises serious concerns. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a cost-effective, quick inspection method. This study proposes a solution through drive-by monitoring. We utilized commercial buses with vibration sensors and Global Positioning System (GPS) devices. The GPS receivers, acting as accurate clocks, could record the bus’s location while providing space- and time-synchronization for the simultaneously measured vibration data. For this study, we installed an acceleration sensor under each bus seat. We can convert the recorded vehicle vibration data into road unevenness information, assuming specific vehicle parameters. To minimize errors, we updated the assumed parameters to align more closely with the average road unevenness versus the estimated unevenness from each bus. We employed a Genetic Algorithm, a search heuristic that mimics the process of natural evolution, to update these parameters. Through this methodology, we could estimate vehicle parameters and road unevenness, paving the way for an efficient, low-cost road inspection method. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Cost effectiveness

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Sizing the navy's strategic reserve of ozone-depleting substances

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2000年第6期112卷 17-25页

作者： Breslin, DA Smith, DE Toms, GS [?]1David A. Breslin P.E. is the Director of Technical Operations for the Naval Surface Warfare Center and is the Chairperson of ASNE'S Committee on Environmental Engineering. He received a master of science degree in aerospace engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI) a master of engineering administration degree in industrial and systems engineering from VPI and a bachelor of engineering degree in mechanical engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology. From 1993 to 1997 he was the program manager of the Naval Sea Systems Command'S CFC & Halon Elimination Program and played a critical role in establishing the Navy'S strategic reserve of ozone-depleting substances. Because of his many efforts he received a Stratospheric Ozone Protection Award in 1995 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in recognition of “exceptional contributions to global environmental protection”.

The domestic production of the most powerful Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODSs) has permanently ceased and the abundant supplies of a number of refrigerants, fire-fighting agents, and solvents, once taken for granted, are now a thing of the past. ne Navy has adopted a successful strategy for addressing the threat posed by the unavailability of ODSs. That strategy includes relying on a strategic reserve of ODSs. Considering that the strategic reserve will play a critical role in sustained fleet operations well into the next century, it is important to record the history of the reserve and to document lessons learned in order to educate future generations that may be faced with similar challenges. This is the second of three papers that will cover all aspects of the Navy's strategic reserve of ODSs. The first paper documented the history of the Navy's effort to size, establish, and monitor a reserve designed to support fleet operations until-the middle of the next century (1). This paper addresses in detail the process used to estimate the required size of the reserve, including the survey method, statistical analyses, and sizing algorithms. The third paper will discuss the development of the plan for monitoring the reserve including the control mechanisms, regression methods, and statistical-process-control techniques (2).

关键词： Survey Methodology Fleet management Refrigerants Ozone depleting substances strategic reserves

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Implementation and Performance Evaluation of Collective Communications Using CIRCUS on Multiple FPGAs

Implementation and Performance Evaluation of Collective Comm...

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2023 International Conference on High Performance Computing in Asia-Pacific Region Workshops, HPC Asia 2023

作者： Kikuchi, Kohei Fujita, Norihisa Kobayashi, Ryohei Boku, Taisuke Master's Program in Computer Science Degree Programs in Systems and Information Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan Center for Computational Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781450399890

In the high-performance computing domain, Field programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a novel accelerator that exhibits high flexibility and performance characteristics distinct from other accelerators such as the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). Recent advanced high-end FPGA is equipped with multiple channels of high speed optical link up to 100Gbps performance for each. This is a crucial feature when we construct PC clusters with FPGAs as accelerators, however it is not easy to utilize from user kernels because this feature is implemented in low level and simple direct communication between neighboring FPGAs. In order to provide the communication feature between FPGAs for accelerated PC clusters, we developed a communication system named CIRCUS which implies a user-friendly API from OpenCL and is equipped with routing function over multi-hop communication on multi-dimensional torus network of FPGAs. However, current CIRCUS only provides a point-to-point communication between source and destination FPGAs. In ordinary parallel processing environment such as MPI, the user program the message passing with various collective communication functions for parallel algorithm, for instance Allreduce, Allgather, etc. In this paper, we implement the collective communication function over CIRCUS for user-friendly programming of ordinary parallel algorithms on FPGAs. As the first target, we implement Allreduce function which is the most essential and important function. The paper describes the CIRCUS system briefly followed by the design, implementation and preliminary performance evaluation on Intel Stratix10 FPGAs. © 2023 ACM.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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Active research experience for undergraduates increases students' motivation and academic performance

Active research experience for undergraduates increases stud...

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2003 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition: Staying in Tune with engineering Education

作者： Deek, Fadi Briller, Vladimir Friedman, Robert Durga, Mishra Joshi, Kamal New Jersey Institute of Technology College of Computing Sciences Information Technology Program Information Systems NJIT Outcomes Assessment New Jersey Institute of Technology Undergraduate Programs College of Computing Sciences NJIT Department of Electrical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology NJIT Institutional Research Dapartment

An active research experience for undergraduates (REU) was discussed. Research experience for undergraduate students provides educational experience through specially designed active research projects. A quasi-experimental design was applied to analyze the impact of REU on academic achievements. Retention rates, cummulative grade point average (GPA) and overall academic persistence measured by ratio of earned and attempted credit hours were also analyzed. Educational outcomes such as obtaining graduate education and employment were measured.

关键词： engineering education

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One-step flow synthesis of size-controlled polymer nanogels in a fluorocarbon microfluidic chip

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RSC Advances 2024年第16期14卷 11258-11265页

作者： Montalbo, Reynaldo Carlos K. Wu, Meng-Jie Tu, Hsiung-Lin Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Nanoscience and Technology Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Department of Engineering and System Science National Tsing-Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan Department of Chemistry National Cheng-Kung University Tainan70101 Taiwan Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University Taiwan

Synthetic polymer nanoparticles (NPs) with biomimetic properties are ideally suited for different biomedical applications such as drug delivery and direct therapy. However, bulk synthetic approaches can suffer from poor reproducibility and scalability when precise size control or multi-step procedures are required. Herein, we report an integrated microfluidic chip for the synthesis of polymer NPs. The chip could sequentially perform homopolymer synthesis and subsequent crosslinking into NPs without intermediate purification. This was made possible by fabrication of the chip with a fluorinated elastomer and incorporation of two microfluidic mixers. The first was a long channel with passive mixing features for the aqueous RAFT synthesis of stimuli-responsive polymers in ambient conditions. The polymers were then directly fed into a hydrodynamic flow focusing (HFF) junction that rapidly mixed them with a crosslinker solution to produce NPs. Compared to microfluidic systems made of PDMS or glass, our chip had better compatibility and facile fabrication. The polymers were synthesized with high monomer conversion and the NP size was found to be influenced by the flow rate ratio between the crosslinker solution and polymer solution. This allowed for the size to be predictably controlled by careful adjustment of the fluid flow rates. The size of the NPs and their stimuli-responses were studied using DLS and SEM imaging. This microfluidic chip design can potentially streamline and provide some automation for the bottom-up synthesis of polymer NPs while offering on-demand size control. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

关键词： Microfluidic chips

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Activated Carbon for Supercapacitor Electrodes Produced by the Carbonation and Activation of Glucose with Potassium Nitrate

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ACS Applied Energy Materials 2024年第16期7卷 6873-6886页

作者： Wu, Chih-Yung Chang, Chia-Yu Tsai, Shu-Wei Lin, Shang-Chih Hsu, Tien-Chiu Hsieh, Tzu-Hsien Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics National Cheng Kung University Tainan701401 Taiwan International Degree Program on Energy in Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan701401 Taiwan Institute of Space Systems Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan701401 Taiwan Green Technology Research Institute CPC Corporation Kaohsiung Taiwan811251 Taiwan

The preparation of activated carbon has long been a subject of interest for researchers aiming to develop a straightforward and environmentally friendly method. This study introduces an approach for carbonizing glucose using potassium nitrate to ignite and carbonize glucose, resulting in the production of fluffy carbon. Activated carbon suitable for supercapacitor production can be obtained through postprocessing involving calcination and pickling. An important feature of this method is that it does not require the use of a strong alkali, such as potassium hydroxide, for the activation reaction following carbonization. Based on experimental results, optimal activated carbon is produced when the proportion of potassium nitrate in the feedstock is 50%. Furthermore, activated carbon with superior physical characteristics can be utilized in the assembly of organic electrolyte supercapacitors, and their electrical properties can be analyzed. The results indicate that the supercapacitor assembled by using activated carbon with 50% potassium nitrate in the raw material demonstrates the best performance. Its cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve approximates a rectangle and exhibits an almost vertical curve at low frequencies in the Nyquist plot. Additionally, for the analysis of the galvanostatic charge-discharge behavior of the supercapacitor, the curve maintains an equilateral triangle pattern even at a current density of 5A/g. The results also show that the best supercapacitor achieves 38.41 and 153.66 F/g for capacitor-specific capacitance and electrode-specific capacitance, respectively. © 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.

关键词： Potassium hydroxide

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