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Environmental compliance: Requirements and technology opportunities for future ships

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 349-369页

作者： Nickens, AD Pizzino, JF Crane, CH Anthony D. Nickens:is the research and development progrma a manager for the Navy's Environmental Protection Program at the Naval Sea Systems Command's Ship Research Development and Standards Group (Sea 03R).He is responsible for overseeing directing and funding the design and development of shipboard systems and precedures to assure compliance with maritime environmental laws and regulations He holds an M.B.A. degree from the Florida Institute of Technology an M.S. degree in chemical engineering from the University of Florida and a B.S. degree i chemical engineering magna cum laude from the North Carolina State University. In addition he successufully completed the twenty-week Program Management Course at the Defense Systems management College in Fort Belvoir Virginia and the Executive Program at the University of Virginia Darden Graduate School of Business. He is also an engineering duty officer in the Navy reserves and a previous author and frequent contributor to Naval Engineers Journal. Josepe F. Pizzino:is a Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division Employee working at the Naval Sea Systems Command's Ship Research Development and Standards Group (Sea 03R). He is a research and development program manager for the Navy's Environment Protection Program responsible for overseeing directing and funding the design and development of shipboard systems and procedures to assure combliance with maritime environment laws and regulations. Prior to his present assignment he was project engineer for the development os shipboard and life-boat reverse osmosis desalination systems both of which are persently being unstalled aboard Navy ships. He holds a B.S. in chemical engineering from the University of Marland and an M.S. degree in chimical engineering from The Catholic Uhiversity of America. Chirstopher H. Crane:is a senior scientist at Geo-Centrs Inc. where he has provided technical program and dcumentation support for Navy headquarters shipboard environmental programs since 1989. Previouss grover

Navy ships must be able to operate anywhere in the world and visit any port unencumbered by environmental restrictions. The Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OCNO) has formulated a vision for the environmentally sound ship of the 21st century, which will ensure compliance with environmental requirements applicable to Navy ships, while maintaining fleet effectiveness and readiness. Navy ships generate a variety of solid and liquid wastes and atmospheric emissions. Ships have limited capabilities for holding wastes for offload to shore. Working closely with the OCNO, the Naval Sea systems Command (NavSea) is developing systems, equipment, and procedures to process and manage ship wastes in an environmentally responsible manner. Several pieces of shipboard equipment have been successfully developed to process solid and liquid waste, hazardous materials and ozone-depleting substances (ODSs). The technologies and practices being developed under this program will: ensure compliance with environmental laws and regulations, significantly reduce the logistic burdens and costs associated with shoreside offload and disposal of ship wastes, implement Navy environmental and occupational safety and health policies, enhance the quality of life aboard ship, and continue the Navy's leadership role in protecting the marine environment.

关键词： Naval vessels

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Building ships as a system: An approach to total ship integration

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 47-60页

作者： Duren, BG Pollard, JR Bernard G. Duren:is an operations research analyst in the Combat Systems Department of the. Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division. Mr. Duren received an A.B. degree in mathematics from Indiana University and an M.S. degree in operations research from the Georgia Institute of Technology. His major duties involve development of system concepts and system engineering methodology. His primary areas of achievement include startup of a strategic planning process at the Dahlgren Division analysis of seaskimmer defense issues and formulation of concepts for counter-command warfare. His areas of interest include information integration group problem solving methods warfare analysis and strategic planning. Mr. Duren is currently conducting studies in design of future shipboard combat systems. James R. Pollard:serves as principal systems engineer in the Combat Systems Department of the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division. Dr. Pollard received a B.S. degree in physics from Roanoke College an M.S. degree in electrical engineering from The George Washington University and a Ph.D. in systems engineering from the University of Virginia. After joining the Dahlgren Division in 1962 he performed research in antennas and electromagnetic coupling. He subsequently managed the Special Effects Weapon Research Program which focused on high power electromagnetic devices. After serving as head of the Weapon Systems Division and the Search and Track Division he formed the Strategic Planning Group. In 1985 he received the Bernard Smith Award for creative development and implementation of a strategic planning process for the Division. From 1985 to 1987 he served as warfare systems architect in the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command. Dr. Pollard is currently conducting studies in design of future shipboard combat systems.

This paper considers an effort to reinvent the process by which the Navy transforms operational requirements into warships. The objective is to articulate a framework and strategy for implementing a total ship system engineering approach. Three factors drive the effort: involve the warfighters in the design process;adopt a ''system of systems'' framework for integration;and continually improve the acquisition process. The strategy is illustrated by consideration of control structure on a total ship basis. The work has been conducted as a collaborative effort involving three Navy warfare centers and various headquarters activities in Washington, D.C.

关键词： Shipbuilding

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EMERGENCY ASCENT . A DEEP SUBMERSIBLES LAST HOPE FOR RETURN

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1969年第6期81卷 23-&页

作者： JONES, RA Mr. Robert A. Jones is a Naval Architect in the Deck Systems Branch of the Naval Ship Engineering Center Hyattsville Md. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Illinois. Upon joining NAVSEC in 1965 he completed the Hull Systems and Weapons Support Division Junior Engineer Training Program and was then assigned to his present position which includes design and system engineering for submersible vehicle mechanical system equipment jettisoning system underwater work tools and submersible vehicle certification. He is a Registered Engineer in Training in the State of Illinois. He is a member of the Marine Technology Society and the Association of Senior Engineers of the Naval Ship Systems Command.

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Importance of surface charge of soot nanoparticles in determining inhalation toxicity in mice

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Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2023年第7期30卷 18985-18997页

作者： Hsiao, Ta-Chih Han, Chia-Li Yang, Tzu-Ting Lee, Yueh-Lun Shen, Yu-Fang Jheng, Yu-Teng Lee, Chii-Hong Chang, Jer-Hwa Chung, Kian Fan Kuo, Han-Pin Chuang, Hsiao-Chi Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Master Program in Clinical Genomics and Proteomics College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Environmental Engineering and Health Yuanpei University of Medical Technology Hsin Chu City Taiwan Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Center University Tauyoun Taiwan Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Pathology Taipei City Hospital Heping Fuyou Branch Taipei Taiwan School of Respiratory Therapy College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Division of Pulmonary Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London United Kingdom Division of Pulmonary Medicine Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Division of Pulmonary Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Shuang Ho Hospital Taipei Medical University New Taipei City Taiwan Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan

Physicochemical properties of nanoparticles are important in regulating nanoparticle toxicity;however, the contribution of nanoparticle charge remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the pulmonary effects of inhalation of charged soot nanoparticles. We established a stably charged nanoparticle generation system for whole-body exposure in BALB/c mice, which produced positively charged, negatively charged, and neutral soot nanoparticles in a wide range of concentrations. After a 7-day exposure, pulmonary toxicity was assessed, together with proteomics analysis. The charged soot nanoparticles on average carried 1.17–1.35 electric charges, and the sizes for nanoparticles under different charging conditions were all fixed at 69 ~ 72 nm. We observed that charged soot nanoparticles induced cytotoxic LDH and increased lung permeability, with the release of 8-isoprostane and caspase-3 and systemic IL-6 in mice, especially for positively charged soot nanoparticles. Next, we observed that positive-charged soot nanoparticles upregulated Eif2, Eif4, sirtuin, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), and HIPPO-related signaling pathways in the lungs compared with negatively charged soot nanoparticles. HIF1α, sirt1, E-cadherin, and Yap were increased in mice’s lungs by positively charged soot nanoparticle exposure. In conclusion, carbonaceous nanoparticles carrying electric ions, especially positive-charged, are particularly toxic when inhaled and should be of concern in terms of pulmonary health protection. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Nanoparticles

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Application of 3-D nonlinear wave-load and structural-response simulations in naval ship design

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 253-266页

作者： Engle, A Lin, W Salvesen, N Shin, Y Allen H. Engle:is a naval architect in the Hydrodynamic Division of the Naval Sea Systems /Command (NavSea). He received his B.S. degree in engineering scinece from the State University of New York at Buffalo in 1977 and his M.S. degree in ocean engineering from the Unviersity of Hawaii in 1979. Corrently Mr. Engle is the program director of the Navy's Hydrodynamic Loads Technology Development Program. Mr. Engle is Chairman of SNAME Panel on Hull Loadings (HS-1) and contributing member to the International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress's Committee on Dynamics. Moei-Min Lin:is a senior research scientist at the Ship technology Division of Sciences Applications International Corporation (SAIC). He received his B.S. degree in naval architecture and marine engineering from the National Cheng-Kung University Taiwan in 1977 and his Ph.D. degree in ocean engineering from MIT in 1985. He is an expert in computational ship hydrodynamics. He has been the P.I. for development of the Large Amplitude Motions Program (LAMP) system. Nils Salvesen:is the manager of the Ship Technology Division of the Science Application International Corporation (SAIC).He received his B.S. and Ph.D. degree from the Development Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering of the University of Michigan in 1960 and 1966 respectively. He has more then thirty years of experience in the development of ship motion simulation and wave load prediction methods. More than twenty-five years ago he developed the original strip-theory code on which the Navy's ship motions program (SMP) is based. Yung-Sup Shin:is the principal engineer responsible for the hydrodynamic projects in the Research and Development Department of the American Bureau of Shipping New York. He received a Ph.D. degree in hydrodynamic from the Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering of the University of Michigan. In the past eighteen years at ABS he has been involved in the theortical development and analysis of various marine hydrodynamic problems. In recent year

Despite the limits inherent within linearized frequency-domain ship motion and wave load computer codes, strip theory has been found to provide the design community with a fairly robust, practical design tool with reasonable accuracy for most conventional displacement monohulls. However, the advent of new design concepts including multi-hulls and application of new materials as well as the push to incorporate reliability methods within surface ship structural design criteria has highlighted the need for more rigorous methods of developing a lifetime load spectrum. In this paper, a multilevel computation system for predicting ship motions and wave loads, up through and including extreme sea conditions, is presented. This system includes a traditional strip theory approach and newly developed linear and nonlinear three-dimensional time-domain methods. The new nonlinear methods are currently in the process of being validated by the U.S. Navy. The status of the current development is presented. Sample numerical results from the new nonlinear methods are compared with both linear frequency domain predictions and model tests.

关键词： Naval vessels

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Design and prototype development of advanced oxidation black and gray water treatment systems

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2006年第3期118卷 51-64页

作者： Markle, Stephen P. CDR. STEPHEN P. MARKLE USN (REt.)P.E.a retired US Navy Engineering Duty Officer and is the Engineering Director for Navalis Environmental Systems. His active duty assignments included the staff of the Chief of Naval Operations Director of Surface Warfare as Section Head for Surface Combatant Maintenance and Modernization Program Executive Office Expeditionary Warfare as Assistant Project Manager for the (TAKE 1)Class Program and as Deputy Director Environmental Programs Division at Naval Sea Systems Command. He is a 1993 graduate of the Naval Construction and Engineering Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he received a Naval Engineers Degree and Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering. Since 1995 he has authored thirteen published technical papers dealing with environmental issues. CDR Markle is the recipient of Fiscal Year 2001 Individual Environmental Quality Awards and Environmental Excellence in Weapon System Acquisition Team Awards from Naval Sea Systems Command Chief of Naval Operations Secretary of the Navy and Secretary of Defense and the 2001 ASNE “Jimmie Hamilton” award. He is a Professional Engineer registered in the State of New York and Commonwealth of Virginia. He serves as the Chair of the Joint ASNE/SNAME Committee on Environmental Engineering and also as Chair of ASTM Ships and Marine Technology Marine Environmental Protection Subcommittee (F25.06).

Regulations governing the discharge of sewage from ships have been in force since the early 1970's. In response, the marine industry has developed ever more complex systems and processes for managing these wastes. The first compliance method involved holding wastes until they could be legally discharged;as technology advanced, treatment systems were developed and installed to enable discharge within regulated waters. As the size and number of ships as increased with maturation of the ocean tourism business, more restrictive regulations have been enacted to minimize the impact on sensitive waters. The trend is toward increasing regulation of both sewage and graywater. The most recent action occurred on 12 October 2005 when the Governor of California signed into law Senate Bill 771 regulating most ship liquid discharges within state waters. This paper describes the development of an innovative advanced wastewater treatment technology, based on advanced oxidation, bearing in mind the lessons learned from systems developed by industry over the past thirty years.

关键词： Wastewater treatment

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ADVANCED technology IN NAVY LOGISTICS SUPPORT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第3期102卷 111-118页

作者： HOUTS, RE The Author:is the director of the Advanced Logistics Technology Division in the Naval Supply Systems Command (NavSup) Engineering and Quality Directorate. He is responsible for managing Nav-Sup's lead role Navy-wide in the research and development of techniques processes and systems to improve Navy readiness and productivity. In this role his office serves as the Navy's Computer-aided Acquisition and Logistics Support (CALS) primary support office. Mr. Houts has more than 19 years of government service as a career logistics manager including a year-long assignment in OSD. Prior to being selected for the senior executive service in December 1985 and accepting his current position Mr. Houts spent 15 years at the Naval Air System Command. He has had extensive experience in logistics program initiation on major aircraft systems and in the development of contractual documents to implement logistics programs. He holds a B.S. degree in aerospace engineering from the University of Michigan and an M.S. degree in systems management from the University of Southern California.

In the face of present and foreseeable budget constraints which will severely restrict the amount of funding available to provide logistics support to the Navy's operating forces, the Naval Supply systems Command's Advanced Logistics technology Division is actively pursuing a number of efforts to apply current and emerging technology to improve logistics systems and methodologies. The engineering Data Management Information and Control System (EDMICS) program will automate the technical information process from initial acquisition through delivery to the end user, addressing the inability of current paper-based systems to cope with the tidal wave of information requirements for the effective management of weapon and logistics systems. Rapid Acquisition of Manufactured Parts (RAMP) program is applying computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) technology to the production of spare parts which are normally available only at great cost and with extensive lead time. The Standard Hardware Acquisition and Reliability program (SHARP) will standardize electronic system hardware (i.e., modules, power supplies, enclosures and batteries) to decrease development and logistics costs, while providing dramatic increases in component and system reliability. The Integrated Diagnostic Support System (IDSS) project is integrating diagnostic design into the weapon system development process to enhance the ability of the organizational level technician to detect and isolate system/equipment failures. This paper discusses each of these ongoing projects as well as a number of new initiatives being explored for future funding.

关键词： Military engineering

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Affordability, logistics R&D and fleet systems

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1996年第3期108卷 199-213页

作者： Schulte, DP Skolnick, A He has supported the development and operation of several naval systems including advanced component selection for Trident II fire control and navigation systems. He served as branch manager of the Surface Ship ASW Combat System Branch which acted as the acquisition engineering agent for the AN/SQQ-89 Surface Ship Anti-Submarine Warfare Weapon System. He was then selected to manage the Module Engineering Department which provided engineering support to numerous naval systems including the AN/BSY-1 Submarine Combat System and the Trident II fire control and navigation system. He then served as the deputy program manager for NAVSEA Progressive Maintenance (2M/ATE). He holds a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Purdue University and currently is pursuing a Maste's degree in Public Environmental Affairs at Indiana University—Purdue University Indianapolis. He served at Applied Physics Laboratory/The Johns Hopkins University in missile development then aboard USS Boston (CAG-1) and played leading roles in several weapon system developments (Regulus Terrier Tartar Talos) inertial navigation (Polaris) deep submergence (DSRV) and advanced ship designs (SES). He later was director Combat System Integration Naval Sea Systems Command and head Combat Projects Naval Ship Engineering Center. He led the Navy's High Energy Lasers and Directed Energy Weapons development efforts. He was vice president advanced technology at Operations Research Inc. and vice president maritime engineering at Defense Group Inc. before starting SSC in 1991. Dr. Skolnick holds a B.S. degree in Mathematics and Economics Queens College an M.A. degree in Mathematics and Philosophy Columbia University an M.S. degree in Electrical/Aeronautical Engineering U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics from Polytechnic University in New York. He is the author of many published papers on engineering design issues source selection procedures and large-scale complex technology problems

The Fleet continues to require high performance systems that can operate with dependability in the seas' unforgiving environments and under hostile action. Those demands are not new. What has changed is the urgent priority formerly assigned to national defense issues. The arguments for continued superpower military strength are now roiled in politics along with unsettled budgets and uncertain force level projections. Current expectations revolve about indefinite fiscal and operational issues (difficult funding constraints and broadband threats). In the actual event of ''doing more with less,'' a practical response is to apply the creative power available from sound engineering judgement and the crucible of experience to the immediate needs of the Fleet. The attempt to shorten the path between advanced development effort and Fleet use has been tried occasionally in the past, often, without exemplary results. The Sustainable Hardware and Affordable Readiness Practices (SHARP) program, is a generic R&D effort under OpNav sponsorship that has been working steadily on sensible solutions to product engineering problems. Armed today with fast-time, large-scale computation abilities and modern tools for technical problem solving coupled with specialized engineering knowledge, it has been refreshed and is underway satisfying existing Fleet needs. The relationship between fully responsive engineering services and current operational needs is always demanding. The connection between advanced engineering development (6.3 category funds) and immediate Fleet usage brings added complexity and challenge, both technical and organizational. Illustrative examples of affordable engineering solutions to ''retain, revise, replace or retire'' questions are presented within the context of both Fleet realities and budgetary limitations. The discussion covers legacy system support, civil/military considerations and Fleet maintenance issues. It describes the substantial and critical payoffs i

关键词： Warships

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DEEP SEA ARRAYS FOR MATERIALS EXPOSURE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1968年第2期80卷 287-&页

作者： MACANDER, A THE AUTHOR:attended Fairleigh Dickinson University from which he received a B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1962. He is presently attending Stevens Institute of Technology where he is pursuing a graduate degree in Plastics Engineering. Since 1962 Mr. Macander has been a member of the U. S. Naval Applied Science Laboratory technical staff as a Mechanical Engineer. For the last five years he has been engaged in the development of syntactic foam systems for buoyancy and structural applications in the deep ocean as well as the development of ultrasonic nondestructive test methods for quality assurance of these foam materials. In addition Mr. Macander is responsible for the deep submergence materials exposure program in the ocean being conducted by the U. S. Naval Applied Science Laboratory. He is also a member of the Marine Technology Society.

United States Naval Applied Science Laboratory has been installing and retrieving deep sea mooring installations in southeastern part of Tongue of Ocean (TOTO), Bahamas since 1965;conventional moorings, such as vertical "taut-wire" rope moorings, as well as moorings of more complex design have been used to expose variety of metallic and nonmetallic materials;because of loss of one mooring, multiple recovery systems was designed;new array, materials under exposure, and operations connected with installation are described.

关键词： Undersea technology

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SURFACE SHIP CONFORM - DIMENSION 2000

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第2期93卷 101-106页

作者： TERRY, MR is currently serving as a Research and Development Program Manager in the Ship Design and Integration Directorate Naval Sea Systems Command (NA VSEA). He has been an Engineering Duty Officer (ED) since his commissioning at the NROTC Unit of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he received his B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1962. Following duty abroad the USS Lynde D. McCormick (DDG-8) in the Pacific (1962-64) and as Project Officer for the construction of the USS Plainview (AGEH-1) at the Supervisor of Shipbuilding Seattle (1964-66) he received his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering and his Naval Engineer's Degree from the 13A course at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1969. Subsequent duties included: AALC Hovercraft Program DTNSRDC (1969-72) Naval Advisory Group Saigon (1972-73) Combat Systems Advisory Group Chief of Naval Material (1973-74) USS Pegasus (PHM-1) Hydrofoil Program NAVSEA (1974-77) Executive Officer and teacher at the ED School Mare Island (1977-79) USS Kennedy (CV-67) Modified Repeat Ship Design Manager NAVSEA (1979) and Surface Ship Conform Program Manager NA VSEA (1980 to present). A member of ASNE since 1965 he served as Vice-Chairman of the ASNE Golden Gate Section (1978-79) and is also a member of ASME AIAA and Sigma Xi.

A description of the NAVSEA program to develop concepts continually for SURFACE SHIPS for the NAVY OF THE YEAR 2000 and beyond is presented. The process of “Requirement Pull,” “technology Push,” Concept Synthesis, and Concept Assessment are outlined for a unique program that joins the Technologist and the Ship Designer in a disciplined partnership for the future.

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