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INTEGRATED SHIP MACHINERY systems WHICH RESULT IN SMALL, EFFICIENT DESTROYERS

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 271-278页

作者： LEVEDAHL, WJ THE AUTHOR:is the Assistant for Technology in the Propulsion and Auxiliary Systems Department of the David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center (DTNSRDC). Annapolis Md. After a World War II combat tour as a 15th AAF Fighter Pilot he received his B.S. degree in General Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and was elected to Sigma Xi. He subsequently studied Gas Turbines and Aeronautical Engineering at ETH in Zürich and received his Doctorate in Applied Thermodynamics at the Technische Hochschule Aachen Germany. Later he did basic combustion research at the Bureau of Standards and was Head of Advanced Submarine Reactor Core Design at the Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory (General Electric Co.) during the 1950s. He then joined Combustion Engineering as Chief Project Physicist in the Design of central-station heavy-water and gas-cooled reactors. Subsequently he became Manager of Nuclear Research at Martin Marietta. In 1970 he joined DTNSRDC to establish the Superconductivity Program. and in 1974 assumed his present position. Dr. Levedahl has been a member of ASNE since 1978.

The use of properly seiected integrated ship machinery systems can sharply reduce the size, installed power, and fuel consumption of future Destroyers without reducing payload, speed, range, margins, or stability. One properly chosen subsystem opens the way to using a second superior subsystem, thus a third one, et cetera, forming a sort of beneficient chain reaction. The superior subsystems themselves provide highly leveraged effects on the displacement of the ship. Synergism of this entire chain can result in ship with markedly reduced initial and operating costs. The most essential elements of this system are: aircraft derivative gas turbines; compact, lightweight electric transmissions; large battery energy storage systems; and contrarotating propellers. Adoption of these systems permit secondary high-leverage subsystems to be used, including efficient ship service power from propulsion turbines and light-weight maintainable propulsion pods. These changes make total ship rearrangement possible, resulting in major decreases in turbine ducting, propulsion shafting, electric power distribution, and propulsion auxiliaries. Similar benefits in the auxiliary machinery system result from adoption of reverse-osmosis fresh water production, heat pumps for space heating, glass-reinforced plastic piping, controllable-speed, high-efficiency pump motors, et cetera.

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Importance of surface charge of soot nanoparticles in determining inhalation toxicity in mice

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Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2023年第7期30卷 18985-18997页

作者： Hsiao, Ta-Chih Han, Chia-Li Yang, Tzu-Ting Lee, Yueh-Lun Shen, Yu-Fang Jheng, Yu-Teng Lee, Chii-Hong Chang, Jer-Hwa Chung, Kian Fan Kuo, Han-Pin Chuang, Hsiao-Chi Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Master Program in Clinical Genomics and Proteomics College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Environmental Engineering and Health Yuanpei University of Medical Technology Hsin Chu City Taiwan Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Center University Tauyoun Taiwan Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Pathology Taipei City Hospital Heping Fuyou Branch Taipei Taiwan School of Respiratory Therapy College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Division of Pulmonary Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London United Kingdom Division of Pulmonary Medicine Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Division of Pulmonary Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Shuang Ho Hospital Taipei Medical University New Taipei City Taiwan Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan

Physicochemical properties of nanoparticles are important in regulating nanoparticle toxicity;however, the contribution of nanoparticle charge remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the pulmonary effects of inhalation of charged soot nanoparticles. We established a stably charged nanoparticle generation system for whole-body exposure in BALB/c mice, which produced positively charged, negatively charged, and neutral soot nanoparticles in a wide range of concentrations. After a 7-day exposure, pulmonary toxicity was assessed, together with proteomics analysis. The charged soot nanoparticles on average carried 1.17–1.35 electric charges, and the sizes for nanoparticles under different charging conditions were all fixed at 69 ~ 72 nm. We observed that charged soot nanoparticles induced cytotoxic LDH and increased lung permeability, with the release of 8-isoprostane and caspase-3 and systemic IL-6 in mice, especially for positively charged soot nanoparticles. Next, we observed that positive-charged soot nanoparticles upregulated Eif2, Eif4, sirtuin, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), and HIPPO-related signaling pathways in the lungs compared with negatively charged soot nanoparticles. HIF1α, sirt1, E-cadherin, and Yap were increased in mice’s lungs by positively charged soot nanoparticle exposure. In conclusion, carbonaceous nanoparticles carrying electric ions, especially positive-charged, are particularly toxic when inhaled and should be of concern in terms of pulmonary health protection. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Nanoparticles

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COMPUTER-AIDED MANUFACTURING OF ADVANCED MICROWAVE MODULES

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MICROWAVE AND MILLIMETER-WAVE COMPUTER-AIDED engineering 1991年第1期1卷 90-111页

作者： PAVIO, AM PAVIO, JS CHAPMAN, JE BOGGAN, GH Texas Instruments Incorporated P.O. Box 655474 Dallas. Texas 75265 Jeanne Pavio is the Manager of the Microwave Advanced Packaging Group at Texas Instruments where she has been cmployed since 1980. She received the BA degree in 1971 and the MS in 1972 both from the University of Connecticut. Her experience base has included the fabrication and assembly of thick and thin film hybrids. At the Texas Instruments Hybrid Microelectronics Laboratory Jeanne implemented nitrogenfireable thick film for ceramic application in surface-mount technology and hybrids. For the last six years she has focused on the automated assembly and packaging of GaAs Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits and devices. This has encompassed development of fluxless furnace reflow and void-free vacuum reflow of GaAs components as well as development of automated wirebonding to GaAs Microwave Hybrids. She was instrumental in directly applying this technology to active phased array module production. Her efforts presently involve the implementation of high-volume techniques and automation for insertion of MMIC technology in a cost-effective highvolume environment. She has authored numerous papers involving hybrid fabrication and assembly technology and in particular involving automated assembly and packaging of GaAs MMIC devices. James E. Chapman Jr. was born in Dallas Texas in 1943. He received the BS and MS degrees in Electrical Engineering from Southern Methodist University (SMU) in 1966 and 1968 respectively. During this time he was associated with the Semiconductor Group of Texas Instruments Incorporated as an undergraduate engineering cooperative student working with various silicon products and processes. Mr. Chapman is currently a Senior Member of the Technical Staff assigned to the Microwave Technology and Products Division of the Defense Systems and Electronics Group. In this position he is currently technical director of the Technology Development for Solid-state Phased-Arrays (TDSSPA) Program. This program is a task-ordere

The application of computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) techniques to the assembly and test of a low-cost, high-volume X-band Radar T/R module will be investigated by highlighting the differences between low frequency and microwave CAM methods, focusing on the difficulties of automated testing, evaluation, and circuit tuning. The problems encountered when implementing high-precision automated assembly and test methods, which include wire-bonding, soldering, piece-part placement, thin wafer GaAs probing, and a novel implementation of a microwave circuit laser-tuning technique will also be discussed. These CAM techniques, combined with integrated MMIC technology, are then used to illustrate a manufacturing philosophy targeted toward high-volume microwave module production.

关键词： Microwave devices

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ADVANCED technology IN NAVY LOGISTICS SUPPORT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第3期102卷 111-118页

作者： HOUTS, RE The Author:is the director of the Advanced Logistics Technology Division in the Naval Supply Systems Command (NavSup) Engineering and Quality Directorate. He is responsible for managing Nav-Sup's lead role Navy-wide in the research and development of techniques processes and systems to improve Navy readiness and productivity. In this role his office serves as the Navy's Computer-aided Acquisition and Logistics Support (CALS) primary support office. Mr. Houts has more than 19 years of government service as a career logistics manager including a year-long assignment in OSD. Prior to being selected for the senior executive service in December 1985 and accepting his current position Mr. Houts spent 15 years at the Naval Air System Command. He has had extensive experience in logistics program initiation on major aircraft systems and in the development of contractual documents to implement logistics programs. He holds a B.S. degree in aerospace engineering from the University of Michigan and an M.S. degree in systems management from the University of Southern California.

In the face of present and foreseeable budget constraints which will severely restrict the amount of funding available to provide logistics support to the Navy's operating forces, the Naval Supply systems Command's Advanced Logistics technology Division is actively pursuing a number of efforts to apply current and emerging technology to improve logistics systems and methodologies. The engineering Data Management Information and Control System (EDMICS) program will automate the technical information process from initial acquisition through delivery to the end user, addressing the inability of current paper-based systems to cope with the tidal wave of information requirements for the effective management of weapon and logistics systems. Rapid Acquisition of Manufactured Parts (RAMP) program is applying computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) technology to the production of spare parts which are normally available only at great cost and with extensive lead time. The Standard Hardware Acquisition and Reliability program (SHARP) will standardize electronic system hardware (i.e., modules, power supplies, enclosures and batteries) to decrease development and logistics costs, while providing dramatic increases in component and system reliability. The Integrated Diagnostic Support System (IDSS) project is integrating diagnostic design into the weapon system development process to enhance the ability of the organizational level technician to detect and isolate system/equipment failures. This paper discusses each of these ongoing projects as well as a number of new initiatives being explored for future funding.

关键词： Military engineering

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Affordability, logistics R&D and fleet systems

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1996年第3期108卷 199-213页

作者： Schulte, DP Skolnick, A He has supported the development and operation of several naval systems including advanced component selection for Trident II fire control and navigation systems. He served as branch manager of the Surface Ship ASW Combat System Branch which acted as the acquisition engineering agent for the AN/SQQ-89 Surface Ship Anti-Submarine Warfare Weapon System. He was then selected to manage the Module Engineering Department which provided engineering support to numerous naval systems including the AN/BSY-1 Submarine Combat System and the Trident II fire control and navigation system. He then served as the deputy program manager for NAVSEA Progressive Maintenance (2M/ATE). He holds a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Purdue University and currently is pursuing a Maste's degree in Public Environmental Affairs at Indiana University—Purdue University Indianapolis. He served at Applied Physics Laboratory/The Johns Hopkins University in missile development then aboard USS Boston (CAG-1) and played leading roles in several weapon system developments (Regulus Terrier Tartar Talos) inertial navigation (Polaris) deep submergence (DSRV) and advanced ship designs (SES). He later was director Combat System Integration Naval Sea Systems Command and head Combat Projects Naval Ship Engineering Center. He led the Navy's High Energy Lasers and Directed Energy Weapons development efforts. He was vice president advanced technology at Operations Research Inc. and vice president maritime engineering at Defense Group Inc. before starting SSC in 1991. Dr. Skolnick holds a B.S. degree in Mathematics and Economics Queens College an M.A. degree in Mathematics and Philosophy Columbia University an M.S. degree in Electrical/Aeronautical Engineering U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics from Polytechnic University in New York. He is the author of many published papers on engineering design issues source selection procedures and large-scale complex technology problems

The Fleet continues to require high performance systems that can operate with dependability in the seas' unforgiving environments and under hostile action. Those demands are not new. What has changed is the urgent priority formerly assigned to national defense issues. The arguments for continued superpower military strength are now roiled in politics along with unsettled budgets and uncertain force level projections. Current expectations revolve about indefinite fiscal and operational issues (difficult funding constraints and broadband threats). In the actual event of ''doing more with less,'' a practical response is to apply the creative power available from sound engineering judgement and the crucible of experience to the immediate needs of the Fleet. The attempt to shorten the path between advanced development effort and Fleet use has been tried occasionally in the past, often, without exemplary results. The Sustainable Hardware and Affordable Readiness Practices (SHARP) program, is a generic R&D effort under OpNav sponsorship that has been working steadily on sensible solutions to product engineering problems. Armed today with fast-time, large-scale computation abilities and modern tools for technical problem solving coupled with specialized engineering knowledge, it has been refreshed and is underway satisfying existing Fleet needs. The relationship between fully responsive engineering services and current operational needs is always demanding. The connection between advanced engineering development (6.3 category funds) and immediate Fleet usage brings added complexity and challenge, both technical and organizational. Illustrative examples of affordable engineering solutions to ''retain, revise, replace or retire'' questions are presented within the context of both Fleet realities and budgetary limitations. The discussion covers legacy system support, civil/military considerations and Fleet maintenance issues. It describes the substantial and critical payoffs i

关键词： Warships

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THE SURFACE EFFECT CATAMARAN - PROGRESS IN CONCEPT ASSESSMENT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1983年第3期95卷 301-311页

作者： WILSON, FW VIARS, PR ADAMS, JD Fred W. Wilson:received his B.A. degree from the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1967 and his M.A. degree from the University of Tennessee in 1971. Mr. Wilson has been involved with air-supported vehicle technology at the Aviation and Surface Effects Department of the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center since 1967. Until 1979 Mr. Wilson was with the Surface Effect Ship Division and participated in early SES development the SES-100A and -100B trials and in the 3000-ton SES program. Since 1979 Mr. Wilson has been in the Program Development Office participating in aircraft programs as well as the current twin-cushion surface effect ship (Surface Effect Catamaran) program. Philip R. Viars:graduated from the University of Cincinnati with a B.S. in Aerospace Engineering in 1974. He received his M.S. in Ocean and Marine Engineering from George Washington University in 1980. Since 1972 Mr. Viars has worked in the Aviation and Surface Effects Department at the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center (DTNSRDC). While at DTNSRDC Mr. Viars has participated in model and full-scale experimental programs focused on simulation. Mr. Viars is recognized as the Center expert in SES stability and performance having participated in most of the manned Navy SES testcraft evaluations. Since 1981 Mr. Viars has been in the Program Development Office where he has worked on the twin-cushion surface effect ship (SECAT) and other programs. John D. Adams:received his B.S.E. in 1972 from the University of Michigan School of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering. He has spent seven years in Marine engineering research Marine systems design and development and dynamic tow tank testing and data analysis. Mr. Adams is currently responsible for the Maritime Dynamics Inc. field operation at the U.S. NavySES Test Facility (SESTF) Patuxent River Maryland. On-site responsibility has been the design development and manned testing of active ride control systems for the U.S. NavyXR-

The surface effect catamaran incorporates twin high length-to-beam cushions to support a low length-to-beam platform. The performance characteristics of the resulting vehicle, i.e., the resistance and head sea motions, are equivalent to a higher length-to-beam surface effect ship. The high lateral stability which results from the widely spaced hulls and cushions of the surface effect catamaran provides several advantages not inherent in conventional surface effect ship configurations. These advantages are manifested by high cross-structure height and reduced structural loads without reduction in static or dynamic roll stability. For an 800-ton ship the widely spaced cushions provide a capability of controlling off-head sea types of motions and the virtual elimination of green water over the deck up through Sea State 6. Model tests have validated cushionborne and hullborne resistance computer prediction programs. Head sea motions tests have justified the use of high cross-structure height to minimize high slam types of structural loads. Preliminary design and model tests indicate the potential for the surface effect catamaran to operate as an open ocean ship in smaller sizes than heretofore thought possible. In addition, its planform and large volume provides pay-load capabilities of much larger ships.

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DEEP SEA ARRAYS FOR MATERIALS EXPOSURE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1968年第2期80卷 287-&页

作者： MACANDER, A THE AUTHOR:attended Fairleigh Dickinson University from which he received a B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1962. He is presently attending Stevens Institute of Technology where he is pursuing a graduate degree in Plastics Engineering. Since 1962 Mr. Macander has been a member of the U. S. Naval Applied Science Laboratory technical staff as a Mechanical Engineer. For the last five years he has been engaged in the development of syntactic foam systems for buoyancy and structural applications in the deep ocean as well as the development of ultrasonic nondestructive test methods for quality assurance of these foam materials. In addition Mr. Macander is responsible for the deep submergence materials exposure program in the ocean being conducted by the U. S. Naval Applied Science Laboratory. He is also a member of the Marine Technology Society.

United States Naval Applied Science Laboratory has been installing and retrieving deep sea mooring installations in southeastern part of Tongue of Ocean (TOTO), Bahamas since 1965;conventional moorings, such as vertical "taut-wire" rope moorings, as well as moorings of more complex design have been used to expose variety of metallic and nonmetallic materials;because of loss of one mooring, multiple recovery systems was designed;new array, materials under exposure, and operations connected with installation are described.

关键词： Undersea technology

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SURFACE SHIP CONFORM - DIMENSION 2000

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第2期93卷 101-106页

作者： TERRY, MR is currently serving as a Research and Development Program Manager in the Ship Design and Integration Directorate Naval Sea Systems Command (NA VSEA). He has been an Engineering Duty Officer (ED) since his commissioning at the NROTC Unit of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he received his B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1962. Following duty abroad the USS Lynde D. McCormick (DDG-8) in the Pacific (1962-64) and as Project Officer for the construction of the USS Plainview (AGEH-1) at the Supervisor of Shipbuilding Seattle (1964-66) he received his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering and his Naval Engineer's Degree from the 13A course at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1969. Subsequent duties included: AALC Hovercraft Program DTNSRDC (1969-72) Naval Advisory Group Saigon (1972-73) Combat Systems Advisory Group Chief of Naval Material (1973-74) USS Pegasus (PHM-1) Hydrofoil Program NAVSEA (1974-77) Executive Officer and teacher at the ED School Mare Island (1977-79) USS Kennedy (CV-67) Modified Repeat Ship Design Manager NAVSEA (1979) and Surface Ship Conform Program Manager NA VSEA (1980 to present). A member of ASNE since 1965 he served as Vice-Chairman of the ASNE Golden Gate Section (1978-79) and is also a member of ASME AIAA and Sigma Xi.

A description of the NAVSEA program to develop concepts continually for SURFACE SHIPS for the NAVY OF THE YEAR 2000 and beyond is presented. The process of “Requirement Pull,” “technology Push,” Concept Synthesis, and Concept Assessment are outlined for a unique program that joins the Technologist and the Ship Designer in a disciplined partnership for the future.

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MODERNIZATION OF THE BARQUE EAGLE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第4期97卷 49-57页

作者： TSAI, NT HACISKI, EC KUCINSKI, JJ Nien-tszr Tsai:is a naval architect with the Hull Section Naval Engineering Division U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters. He received his B.S. and M.S. in mechanical engineering from ChengKung University in Taiwan China and his Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from the University of Rochester in 1969. Prior to joining the Coast Guard in 1982 Mr. Tsai worked at General Dynamics Litton Ship Systems and the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center in the area of ship dynamics moored and towed ocean systems evaluation and development. He is a member of ASME and ASNE. Eugene C. Haciski:received his B.S. degree in mechanics from the Warsaw University of Technology in 1946 and his M.S. degree in naval architecture from the Polytechnical University of Gdansk Poland in 1950. Prior to joining the U.S. Coast Guard in 1967 he served as a project engineer in the Gdansk Ship Design Center and in the Shipyard Maua in Rio de Janeiro Brazil. After serving 7 years in the U.S. Coast Guard Yard in Curtis Bay Maryland as a supervisory naval architect and 3 years in the Merchant Marine Technical Division USCG he was assigned in 1976 to his current position of chief Hull Section Naval Engineering Division USCG Headquarters. LCDR. Joseph Kucinski:is currently assigned to the Coast Guard Yard as chief quality assurance. He has served in the Yard as ship superintendent and ship superintendent coordinator. Prior to his assignment at the Yard he served as engineer officer aboard USCGC Courageous. He has also served on USCGC Boutwell and as the marine safety officer Duluth Minn. He is a 1973 graduate of Officer Candidate School. LCdr. Kucinski has prior enlisted service in the Navy's nuclear power program.

The U.S. Coast Guard training barque Eagle (WIX-327), former Horst Wessel , was built in 1936, by Blohm & Voss in Germany, for the German Navy and to the rules of Germanischer Lloyd. Since 1946 she has served continuously as the training vessel for the U.S. Coast Guard Academy. To improve safety and performance, an extensive phased modernization was undertaken from 1979 through 1983 at the Coast Guard Yard. Changes in the subdivision, ballast and tankages were made to satisfy the criteria for two-compartment damage stability. Extensive renovation of machinery, structure, navigation components and habitability was also accomplished during the same period. Scheduled summer training cruises were maintainedeach year.

关键词： SAILING VESSELS

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NAVAL LITHIUM BATTERY SAFETY program

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第3期101卷 260-266页

作者： SHULER, SC MORANSKI, JW Stanley C. Shuler:is manager of the High Energy Battery Systems Branch Electrochemical Power Systems Division Electronic Support Department Naval Weapons Support Center Crane Indiana. He received his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Tri-State University in 1971 and served as an active duty naval aviator for seven years. After joining the Naval Weapons Support Center in 1980 Mr. Shuler was responsible for establishing the Lithium Battery Safety Program for the Navy Sonobuoy Program and provided lithium battery test and engineering support to various Navy/DoD programs for over eight years. Recently Mr. Shuler assisted the Naval Sea Systems Command in creating updated policy for the Naval Lithium Battery Safety Program and was instrumental in establishing Crane as the fleet engineering support agent for lithium batteries. Currently he is developing routine and emergency disposal procedures and methods for Navy-wide users of lithium batteries in support of the Naval Sea Systems Command. John W. Moranski:is a supervisory electrical engineer in the High Energy Battery Systems Branch Electrochemical Power Systems Division Electronic Support Department Naval Weapons Support Center Crane Indiana. He received his B.S. degree in electrical engineering from Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology in 1984. Mr. Moranski has been responsible for several lithium battery developmental testing projects since joining the Naval Weapons Support Center in 1985. The projects Mr. Moranski has been responsible for involved lithium battery pack design environmental testing discharge performance testing and safety evaluation testing. Currently he is participating in lithium battery powered systems safety reviews with the Naval Sea Systems Command Safety Division.

The stringent performance requirements of present and future naval battery powered systems necessitate the use of advanced lithium batteries with extended energy and life characteristics. In recent years, battery manufacturers in the United States and various foreign nations have been developing new lithium batteries using lithium metal anodes coupled with either carbon monofluoride (CF) x , sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), thionyl chloride (SOCI 2 ) or other cathode materials. These batteries represent a major breakthrough as primary power sources and provide certain unique advantages over conventional electrochemical systems. The advantages are: (1) a substantial increase in specific energy, (2) higher operating cell voltage, (3) low temperature operation and (4) projected long shelf life. While lithium batteries in general offer five to ten times the specific energy of conventional systems, each design differs from the other in its level of performance and in its hazards. The Naval Lithium Battery Safety program addresses these hazards within the areas of acquisition, design, use, packaging, storage, transportation, and disposal. The safety program also establishes minimum safety test requirements for lithium batteries in lithium battery powered equipment when used by the Navy or on Navy facilities.

关键词： Electric Batteries

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