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arXiv 2025年

作者： Chen, Jian Lin, Zehui Lin, Wanyu Shi, Wenlong Yin, Xiaoyan Wang, Di Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence The Department of Computing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong School of Electronic Information and Communications Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China School of Information Science and Technology Northwest University Xi’an China Division of Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Saudi Arabia

Recently, the practical needs of "the right to be forgotten" in federated learning gave birth to a paradigm known as federated unlearning, which enables the server to forget personal data upon the client’s removal request. Existing studies on federated unlearning have primarily focused on efficiently eliminating the influence of requested data from the client’s model without retraining from scratch, however, they have rarely doubted the reliability of the global model posed by the discrepancy between its prediction performance before and after unlearning. To bridge this gap, we take the first step by introducing a novel malicious unlearning attack dubbed FedMUA, aiming to unveil potential vulnerabilities emerging from federated learning during the unlearning process. Specifically, clients may act as attackers by crafting malicious unlearning requests to manipulate the prediction behavior of the global model. The crux of FedMUA is to mislead the global model into unlearning more information associated with the influential samples for the target sample than anticipated, thus inducing adverse effects on target samples from other clients. To achieve this, we design a novel two-step method, known as Influential Sample Identification and Malicious Unlearning Generation, to identify and subsequently generate malicious feature unlearning requests within the influential samples. By doing so, we can significantly alter the predictions pertaining to the target sample by initiating the malicious feature unlearning requests, leading to the deliberate manipulation for the user adversely. Additionally, we design a new defense mechanism that is highly resilient against malicious unlearning attacks. Extensive experiments on three realistic datasets reveal that FedMUA effectively induces misclassification on target samples and can achieve an 80% attack success rate by triggering only 0.3% malicious unlearning requests. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Federated learning

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Dual-Scale Enhanced and Cross-Generative Consistency Learning for Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Gu, Yunqi Zhou, Tao Zhang, Yizhe Zhou, Yi He, Kelei Gong, Chen Zhu, Huafu PCA Lab The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional Information Ministry of Education School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China School of Computer Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing211189 China Medical School Nanjing University National Institute of Healthcare Data Science Nanjing210023 China Institute of High Performance Computing A*STAR Singapore

Medical image segmentation plays a crucial role in computer-aided diagnosis. However, existing methods heavily rely on fully supervised training, which requires a large amount of labeled data with time-consuming pixel-wise annotations. Moreover, accurately segmenting lesions poses challenges due to variations in shape, size, and location. To address these issues, we propose a novel Dual-scale Enhanced and Cross-generative consistency learning framework for semi-supervised medical image Segmentation (DEC-Seg). First, we propose a Cross-level Feature Aggregation (CFA) module that integrates cross-level adjacent layers to enhance the feature representation ability across different resolutions. To address scale variation, we present a scale-enhanced consistency constraint, which ensures consistency in the segmentation maps generated from the same input image at different scales. This constraint helps handle variations in lesion sizes and improves the robustness of the model. Furthermore, we propose a cross-generative consistency scheme, in which the original and perturbed images can be reconstructed using cross-segmentation maps. This consistency constraint allows us to mine effective feature representations and boost the segmentation performance. To produce more accurate segmentation maps, we propose a Dual-scale Complementary Fusion (DCF) module that integrates features from two scale-specific decoders operating at different scales. Extensive experimental results on polyp segmentation from colonoscopy images, skin lesion segmentation from dermoscopic images, and Brain glioma segmentation from MRI images demonstrate the effectiveness of our DEC-Seg against other state-of-the-art semi-supervised segmentation approaches. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： computer aided diagnosis

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Predicting CircRNA-Disease Associations Through Non-negative Matrix Factorization and Adversarially Regularized Variational Graph Autoencoder

Predicting CircRNA-Disease Associations Through Non-negative...

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IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)

作者： Mianshuo Lu Lei Wang Jinzhu Sun Yang Li Mengmeng Wei Yu Wei Changchun Liu Zhengwei Li School of Computer Science and Technology China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou China Big Data and Intelligent Computing Research Center Guangxi Academy of Sciences Nanning China Zaozhuang Mental Health Center Zaozhuang China School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China College of Information Science and Enginnering Zaozhuang Univerity China

ISBN: (数字)9798350386226

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386233

Circular RNA (circRNA) is an RNA molecule that plays an important role in both pathology and physiology. Accurate identification of associations between circRNAs and diseases is crucial for further physiology research. However, verifying the circRNA-disease associations (CDA) through biological experimental methods is time-consuming. Here, we propose a novel method combines Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) and Adversarially Regularized Variational Graph Autoencoder (ARVGA) to accurately predict CDA. Our model first fuses multi-source information in order to build circRNA similarity, disease similarity and circRNA-disease association matrices. Thereby our model constructs graphs for circRNA and disease respectively and optimize them using a K-means clustering algorithm. We obtain linear features using NMF and non-linear features using ARVGA. Finally, an Extremely Randomized Trees classifier is employed to predict CDA. On the gold standard dataset CircR2Disease, our model achieved a prediction accuracy of 94.8% and an AUC of 0.984 under 5-fold cross-validation. In case study, 19 of top 20 predicted circRNAs associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma were confirmed in relevant literature. Furthermore, ablation experiment, classifier experiment and independent datasets test fully demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our model.

关键词： Biological system modeling RNA Autoencoders Clustering algorithms Predictive models Feature extraction Prediction algorithms Robustness Physiology Diseases

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XoT (Xducation of Things): Harnessing AI and edge computing to educate all things

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IEEE Access 2024年

作者： Nurtantyana, Rio Hwang, Wu-Yuin Hariyanti, Uun Research Center for Data and Information Sciences Bandung Indonesia Telkom University School of Computing Indonesia Telkom University Center of Excellence Artificial Intelligence for Learning and Optimization Bandung Indonesia National Dong Hwa University College of Science and Engineering Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taiwan National Central University Graduate Institute of Network Learning Technology Taiwan Universitas Brawijaya Faculty of Computer Science Department of Information System Indonesia

Most English foreign language (EFL) studies focus solely on human beings. This research explores how edge computing can facilitate learning for all things. The XoT (Xducation of Things) framework was proposed to educate both human and all things. All things encompass two terms: AI-Agent and smartthings (covering physical and digital smart objects). At the core of this framework is Smart Question Answer Forwarding Mechanism (SQA-Forwarding), specifically designed to assist all things in building knowledge. To demonstrate this, the smartXoT environment was developed based on XoT framework, and its impacts on EFL learners was assessed. A quasi-experimental study involving 26 EFL learners, divided into an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG), examined the differences in learning achievement of smartthings and EFL learners when using the smartXoT environment with/without SQA-Forwarding. Findings, on one hand, indicated that smartthings in the EG developed knowledge bases greater than those in the CG. On the other hand, the interaction between EFL learners and smartthings with SQA-Forwarding significantly improved learners' writing skills, with revisions playing a crucial role in enhancing writing quality. Thus, the XoT framework offers a novel and promising approach to educating both humans and all things. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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SCESP: An Edge Server Placement Method Based on Spectral Clustering in Mobile Edge computing 8th

SCESP: An Edge Server Placement Method Based on Spectral Cl...

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8th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Security , ICAIS 2022

作者： Wang, Lijuan Guo, Yingya Yao, Jiangyuan Zhou, Siyu College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou350000 China Fujian Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing Fuzhou University Fuzhou350000 China Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing Ministry of Education Fuzhou350003 China School of Computer Science and Cyberspace Security Hainan University Haikou570228 China Tandon School of Engineering New York University New York10012 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783031067600

With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G, mobile edge computing is gaining popularity for its low computation latency, bandwidth costs and energy consumption. In mobile edge computing, the placement of edge servers is one of the most significant problems and attracts worldwide attention. However, two major problems of edge server placement: high access delay and unbalanced workload of edge servers, have not been completely solved yet. To better solve these two problems, this paper proposes a new Spectral-Clustering-based Edge Server Placement (SCESP) algorithm, which can effectively reduce the access delay and make the workload of each edge server more balanced. In the evaluation, we use the Shanghai Telecom’s base station dataset to test the performance of SCESP and extensive experiments demonstrate the superior performance of SCESP in reducing the access delay and balancing the edge server workload. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Mobile edge computing

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NeuVSA: A Unified and Efficient Accelerator for Neural Vector Search

NeuVSA: A Unified and Efficient Accelerator for Neural Vecto...

引用

IEEE Symposium on High-Performance computer Architecture

作者： Ziming Yuan Lei Dai Wen Li Jie Zhang Shengwen Liang Ying Wang Cheng Liu Huawei Li Xiaowei Li Jiafeng Guo Peng Wang Renhai Chen Gong Zhang State Key Lab of Processors Institute of Computing TechnologyCAS University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Computer and Information Technology Shanxi University School of Computer Science Peking University Zhongguancun National Laboratory Beijing Key Lab of Network Data Science and Technology Institute of Computing Technology CAS Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. China

ISBN: (数字)9798331506476

ISBN: (纸本)9798331506483

Neural Vector Search (NVS) has exhibited superior search quality over traditional key-based strategies for information retrieval tasks. An effective NVS architecture requires high recall, low latency, and high throughput to enhance user experience and cost-efficiency. However, implementing NVS on existing neural network accelerators and vector search accelerators is sub-optimal due to the separation between the embedding stage and vector search stage at both algorithm and architecture levels. Fortunately, we unveil that Product Quantization (PQ) opens up an opportunity to break separation. However, existing PQ algorithms and accelerators still focus on either the embedding stage or the vector search stage, rather than both simultaneously. Simply combining existing solutions still follows the beaten track of separation and suffers from insufficient parallelization, frequent data access conflicts, and the absence of scheduling, thus failing to reach optimal recall, latency, and throughput. To this end, we propose a unified and efficient NVS accelerator dubbed NeuVSA based on algorithm and architecture co-design philosophy. Specifically, on the algorithm level, we propose a learned PQ-based unified NVS algorithm that consolidates two separate stages into the same computing and memory access paradigm. It integrates an end-to-end joint training strategy to learn the optimal codebook and index for enhanced recall and reduced PQ complexity, thus achieving smoother acceleration. On the architecture level, we customize a homogeneous NVS accelerator based on the unified NVS algorithm. Each sub-accelerator is optimized to exploit all parallelism exposed by unified NVS, incorporating a structured index assignment strategy and an elastic on-chip buffer to alleviate buffer conflicts for reduced latency. All sub-accelerators are coordinated using a hardware-aware scheduling strategy for boosted throughput. Experimental results show that the joint training strategy improves recall

关键词： Training Quantization (signal) Philosophical considerations Graphics processing units computer architecture Throughput Vectors User experience System-on-chip Indexes

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Machine Learning With data Assimilation and Uncertainty Quantification for Dynamical Systems:A Review

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2023年第6期10卷 1361-1387页

作者： Sibo Cheng César Quilodrán-Casas Said Ouala Alban Farchi Che Liu Pierre Tandeo Ronan Fablet Didier Lucor Bertrand Iooss Julien Brajard Dunhui Xiao Tijana Janjic Weiping Ding Yike Guo Alberto Carrassi Marc Bocquet Rossella Arcucci Data Science Institute Department of ComputingImperial College LondonSW72AZ London Department of Earth Science and Engineering Imperial College LondonSW72AZ London Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China the IMT Atlantique Lab-STICCUMR CNRS 6285France and OdysseyInria/IMTFrance.P.Tandeo is also with RIKEN Center for Computational ScienceKobeJapan the CEREA École des Ponts and EDF R&Dîle-de-FranceFrance the Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique CNRSParis-Saclay UniversityF-91403OrsayFrance the Electricitéde France(EDF) 78401 ChatouFranceInstitut de Mathématiques de Toulouse31062 ToulouseFrance and SINCLAIR AI LabSaclayFrance the Sorbonne University ParisFranceand also with Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center(NERSC)BergenNorway the School of Mathematical Sciences Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China the Mathematical Institute for Machine Learning and Data Science KU Eichstaett-IngolstadtBavariaGermany the School of Information Science and Technology Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China the Department of Physics and Astronomy“Augusto Righi” University of Bologna40124 BolognaItaly

data assimilation(DA)and uncertainty quantification(UQ)are extensively used in analysing and reducing error propagation in high-dimensional spatial-temporal *** applications span from computational fluid dynamics(CFD)to geoscience and climate ***,much effort has been given in combining DA,UQ and machine learning(ML)*** research efforts seek to address some critical challenges in high-dimensional dynamical systems,including but not limited to dynamical system identification,reduced order surrogate modelling,error covariance specification and model error correction.A large number of developed techniques and methodologies exhibit a broad applicability across numerous domains,resulting in the necessity for a comprehensive *** paper provides the first overview of state-of-the-art researches in this interdisciplinary field,covering a wide range of *** review is aimed at ML scientists who attempt to apply DA and UQ techniques to improve the accuracy and the interpretability of their models,but also at DA and UQ experts who intend to integrate cutting-edge ML approaches to their ***,this article has a special focus on how ML methods can overcome the existing limits of DA and UQ,and vice *** exciting perspectives of this rapidly developing research field are also *** Terms-data assimilation(DA),deep learning,machine learning(ML),reduced-order-modelling,uncertainty quantification(UQ).

关键词： assimilation overcome apply

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FACOS: Enabling Privacy Protection Through Fine-Grained Access Control with On-chain and Off-chain System

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Liu, Chao Hou, Cankun Jiang, Tianyu Ning, Jianting Qiao, Hui Wu, Yusen Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Data Intensive Computing the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Information Processing Fujian China The School of Computer Science and Technology Xidian University Shaanxi Xi’an710071 China The Department of Computer Science University of Miami MiamiFL33146 United States College of Computer and Cyber Security Fujian Normal University Fuzhou350007 China The Faculty of Data Science City University of Macau China

data-driven landscape across finance, government, and healthcare, the continuous generation of information demands robust solutions for secure storage, efficient dissemination, and fine-grained access control. Blockchain technology emerges as a significant tool, offering decentralized storage while upholding the tenets of data security and accessibility. However, on-chain and off-chain strategies are still confronted with issues such as untrusted off-chain data storage, absence of data ownership, limited access control policy for clients, and a deficiency in data privacy and auditability. To solve these challenges, we propose a permissioned blockchain-based privacy-preserving fine-grained access control on-chain and off-chain system, namely FACOS. We applied three fine-grained access control solutions and comprehensively analyzed them in different aspects, which provides an intuitive perspective for system designers and clients to choose the appropriate access control method for their systems. Compared to similar work that only stores encrypted data in centralized or non-fault-tolerant IPFS systems, we enhanced off-chain data storage security and robustness by utilizing a highly efficient and secure asynchronous Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) protocol in the off-chain environment. As each of the clients needs to be verified and authorized before accessing the data, we involved the Trusted Execution Environment (TEE)-based solution to verify the credentials of clients. Additionally, our evaluation results demonstrated that our system1 offers better scalability and practicality than other state-of-the-art designs. We deployed our system on Alibaba Cloud and Tencent Cloud and conducted multiple evaluations. The results indicate that it takes about 2.79 seconds for a client to execute the protocol for uploading and about 0.96 seconds for downloading. Compared to other decentralized systems, our system exhibits efficient latency for both download and upload operations.

关键词： Access control

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Toward Building Human-Like Sequential Memory Using Brain-Inspired Spiking Neural Models

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IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems 2025年第6期36卷 10143-10155页

作者： Malu Zhang Xiaoling Luo Jibin Wu Ammar Belatreche Siqi Cai Yang Yang Haizhou Li School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China Key Laboratory of Higher Education of Sichuan Province for Enterprise Informationalization and Internet of Things Sichuan University of Science and Engineering Yibin China Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Department of Computing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong Department of Computer and Information Sciences Faculty of Engineering and Environment Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne U.K. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Lower Kent Ridge Rd Singapore Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data School of Data Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) Shenzhen China

The brain is able to acquire and store memories of everyday experiences in real-time. It can also selectively forget information to facilitate memory updating. However, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and coordination of these processes within the brain remains limited. However, no existing artificial intelligence models have yet matched human-level capabilities in terms of memory storage and retrieval. This study introduces a brain-inspired spiking neural model that integrates the learning and forgetting processes of sequential memory. The proposed model closely mimics the distributed and sparse temporal coding observed in the biological neural system. It employs one-shot online learning for memory formation and uses biologically plausible mechanisms of neural oscillation and phase precession to retrieve memorized sequences reliably. In addition, an active forgetting mechanism is integrated into the spiking neural model, enabling memory removal, flexibility, and updating. The proposed memory model not only enhances our understanding of human memory processes but also provides a robust framework for addressing temporal modeling tasks.

关键词： Neurons Biological system modeling Computational modeling Brain modeling Dendrites (neurons) Oscillators Neural activity Membrane potentials Encoding Adaptation models

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Gaussian in the Dark: Real-Time View Synthesis From Inconsistent Dark Images Using Gaussian Splatting

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ye, Sheng Dong, Zhen-Hui Hu, Yubin Wen, Yu-Hui Liu, Yong-Jin MOE-Key Laboratory of Pervasive Computing The Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University China Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Data Analysis and Mining School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing Jiaotong University China

3D Gaussian Splatting has recently emerged as a powerful representation that can synthesize remarkable novel views using consistent multi-view images as input. However, we notice that images captured in dark environments where the scenes are not fully illuminated can exhibit considerable brightness variations and multi-view inconsistency, which poses great challenges to 3D Gaussian Splatting and severely degrades its performance. To tackle this problem, we propose Gaussian-DK. Observing that inconsistencies are mainly caused by camera imaging, we represent a consistent radiance field of the physical world using a set of anisotropic 3D Gaussians, and design a camera response module to compensate for multi-view inconsistencies. We also introduce a step-based gradient scaling strategy to constrain Gaussians near the camera, which turn out to be floaters, from splitting and cloning. Experiments on our proposed benchmark dataset demonstrate that Gaussian-DK produces high-quality renderings without ghosting and floater artifacts and significantly outperforms existing methods. Furthermore, we can also synthesize light-up images by controlling exposure levels that clearly show details in shadow areas. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gaussian distribution

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